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661.
Richard A. Prodgers 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1984,6(3):101-104
Vegetation baseline studies are dependent on the use of an adequate classification of vegetation, which structures all further study. The reliable and careful execution of sampling techniques is as important as choosing a sound sampling scheme. In order for vegetation mapping to represent the vegetation accurately, significant community gradation and anomalous communities should be portrayed. Data analysis should distinguish between precision and accuracy, include an indication of the statistical reliability of estimates, and explain and interpret findings. 相似文献
662.
663.
664.
Methodology of light response curves: application of chlorophyll fluorescence to microphytobenthic biofilms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The light response curve methodology for microphytobenthic biofilms was studied by comparing the two most usual approaches
used in pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. The non-sequential light curve (N-SLC) method is characterized by independent
measures of the photosynthetic activity across a light gradient whereas the rapid light curve (RLC) method consists of successive
measures on the same sample exposed to a stepwise increase of light intensities. Experiments were carried out on experimental
microphytobenthic biofilms prepared from natural assemblages and acclimated to dark conditions. In preliminary experiments,
N-SLCs were constructed from fluorescence induction curves performed at 12 different photon flux densities (PFDs). A minimum
of 50 s of illumination was necessary to reach a stable light response curve; shorter illumination times resulted in underestimating
the physiological parameters (α the light utilization coefficient in light-limited conditions and rETRmax the maximum rate of photosynthesis efficiency) of the light response curve. For the comparison between N-SLCs and RLCs, the
same time of illumination (50 s) was used for each light step of RLCs so that N-SLCs differed from RLCs only by the way the
amount of light was delivered, i.e., a light dose accumulation for RLC. The experimental results showed the difference between
the two photobiological response curves. In the lower range of PFDs, RLCs exhibited a larger value of α; in this light-limited
part of the response curve the incremental increase of PFDs limited the development of NPQ and resulted in a better optimization
of electron transport rate for RLC. In the higher range of PFDs, the trend was reversed and the RLC showed a lower value of
rETRmax than the N-SLC did; this is attributed to the light dose accumulation which likely led to a more efficient dispersion of
energy, as illustrated by a higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In conclusion, these results confirm that parameters
derived from both methods differ in their value and do not bear the same physiological information. 相似文献
665.
Age-specific social dominance affects habitat use by breeding American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla): a removal experiment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Summary By removing older males from their breeding territories, we tested the hypothesis that age-related dominance behavior influenced the pattern of habitat selection by breeding American redstarts Setophaga ruticilla (Aves: Parulinae). Fifteen older male redstarts removed in five experimental replicates during three breeding seasons were replaced by ten yearling and five older males; no redstart males of either age colonized the control sites during the same time periods, although two yearlings disappeared. Significantly more yearling males (67%, n=9) colonized the vacated areas than were present in the redstart population at large (26.8%, n=209). We reject the alternative hypothesis that yearling male redstarts occupy different habitats from older males because of age-related (innate) habitat preferences. Redstarts that colonized the territories made vacant by our removals (i.e., floaters) were a behaviorally heterogeneous group of animals. The presence of both yearling and older male floaters indicates that suitable habitat is limiting for this species and that intraspecific competitive interactions are important in habitat distribution, and potentially in population regulation. 相似文献
666.
667.
Richard A. Parker 《Ecological modelling》1975,1(2):91-103
Simple ecosystem models involving a primary producer, nutrients, and a herbivore are developed with metabolic dependence on periodic functions representing solar radiation and temperature. Simulation results suggests that the models yield generally stable output provided that equilibrium values for the state variables are positive in the nonperiodic analog. Linear dependence of plant growth on nutrient supply leads to a larger stability domain than that produced by hyperbolic dependence. 相似文献
668.
669.
Process representations critical to the phytoplankton and zooplankton submodels are described. These include constructs for: light- and nutrient-limitations and their interaction, temperature, consumption, and population-age structure. Values for key parameters are documented with reference to the literature on aquatic ecology and ecological modelling. Time-course relationships of the processes affecting the phytoplankton, zooplankton, phosphorus and nitrogen compartments are presented and discussed. These serve as additional documentation and are an important result of modelling synthesis. 相似文献
670.
In spite of historical and current interest in Ciona intestinalis and its congeners, little is known about evolutionary relationships among the members of the genus Ciona. Here 744-bp sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene are used to examine phylogenetic relationships among three described species (C. intestinalis, C. roulei, C. savignyi) sampled from multiple coastal sites in the Northeast Pacific (CA, USA), Northwest Atlantic (from New Hampshire to Connecticut,
USA), Northeast Atlantic (Sweden and The Netherlands), and Mediterranean (Banyuls-sur-Mer, France). The samples were collected
in June–October 2005. The COI sequences of Northeast Pacific/Mediterranean (Type A) and Northwest Atlantic (Type B) C. intestinalis differ by ∼12% and C. roulei is nested within Type B C. intestinalis. Ciona savignyi differs from all other haplotypes by 13–16%. A previously undescribed but morphologically distinct Ciona sp. found at the Banyuls-sur-Mer site was >10% divergent from all other haplotypes. Although these data arise from a single
gene study, they indicate that further elucidation of species relationships within the genus and of the species’ distributions
will be needed if continuing invasions and potential reproductive isolation are to be investigated. 相似文献