热振森林大型土壤动物群落特征及其影响因素

为了解西藏拉萨市林周县热振国家森林公园不同海拔大型土壤动物群落的空间分布特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2021年7月(夏季)根据其地理特征设置了三个不同海拔共9个样地.采用手捡法对大型土壤动物进行收集,并将其保存在75%酒精的收集管中,同时测定相应的环境因子.共捕获大型土壤动物1427个,经形态学鉴定隶属于2门5纲15目21科,其中优势类群为姬马陆科(Julidae)和蚁科(Formicidae),占总捕获量的66.0%.常见类群共10类,占总捕获量的31.3%;稀有类群占总捕获量的2.7%.热振国家森林公园大型土壤动物的类群、Shannon多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数在三个不同海拔之间无显著性差异(P>0.05).大型土壤动物群落Jaccard相似性系数位于0.15~0.77.Pearson相关性结果显示,大型土壤动物个体数与海拔呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与土壤温度和pH呈显著正相关(P<0.05);冗余分析显示,排序轴1和轴2共同解释了的类群组成变化的55.0%,全磷(TP)和有效磷(AP)为显著性解释变量,对大型土壤动物群落的解释率分别为29.6%和18.5%,是影响大型土壤动物群落的主要环境因子.     

Levels, distribution, and health risk of phthalate esters in urban soils of Beijing, China

The content of phthalate esters (PAEs) was investigated in urban soil samples ( = 127, 0-20 cm) collected from a business area (BU), classical garden (CL), culture and educational area (CU), large public green space (LA), residential area (RE), and roadside area (RO) in Beijing. The sum of all PAE contents ranged from 1.9 to 3141.7 ng/g, with an average of 1139.6 ± 727.6 ng/g. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the major contaminants in the soil samples. The content of DEHP and DBP in the urban soil of Beijing showed decreasing trends from the center of the city to the suburbs, which was probably because the center of the city has a longer history. In addition, higher DBP content also occurred in the south of the city, which was caused by the existence of several factories that produce commodity chemical and building materials in these areas. Because of its greater age, less disturbance from human activity, and high levels of total organic carbon and black carbon in CL, PAE content in CL was the highest among the six types of land use, followed by RE, CU, BU, LA, and RO. Although in 82.6% of the soil samples, DBP content exceeded the recommended allowable soil content in New York, USA, health risk assessment with CalTOX and Monte Carlo analysis showed that the total cancer risk values of PAEs were lower than the acceptable cancer risk value (10(-4)) and that the risk mainly came from dermal uptake and inhalation exposure pathways.     

青海油田采油一厂采出水处理技术改进

尕斯库勒联合站采出水治理是青海油田采油一厂环境保护的一项重要工作。为了对油田采出水进行综合治理,尕斯库勒联合站先后对原有的采出水处理系统进行了四次技术改造,通过多年的实践与探索,找到了满足青海油田采出水处理需求较为成熟的采出水处理技术。     

Organochlorine pesticides in the surface water and sediments from the Peacock River Drainage Basin in Xinjiang, China: a study of an arid zone in Central Asia

Fourteen surface water and nine surface sediment samples were collected from the Peacock River and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) by gas chromatograph?Celectron capture detector (GC-ECD). All the analyzed organochlorine pesticides, except o,p ^??-DDT, were detected in sediments from the Peacock River; but in the water samples, only ??-HCH, HCB, p,p ^??-DDD, and p,p ^??-DDT were detected at some sites. The ranges for total OCPs in the water and sediments were from N.D. to 195 ng l^???1 and from 1.36 to 24.60 ng g^???1, respectively. The only existing HCH isomer in the water, ??-HCH, suggested that the contamination by HCHs could be attributed to erosion of the weathered agricultural soils containing HCHs compounds. Composition analyses showed that no technical HCH, technical DDT, technical chlordanes, endosulfans, and HCB had been recently used in this region. However, there was new input of ??-HCH (lindane) into the Peacock River. The most probable source was water flowing from Bosten Lake and/or agricultural tailing water that was returned directly into the Peacock River. DDT compounds in the sediments may be derived mainly from DDT-treated aged and weathered agricultural soils, the degradation condition was aerobic and the main product was DDE. HCB in the sediment might be due to the input from Bosten Lake and the lake may act as an atmospheric deposition zone. There was no significant correlation between the concentrations of OCPs (including ??HCH, ??DDT, chlordanes, endosulfans, HCB and total OCPs) and the content of fine particles (<63 ??m). The concentrations of OCPs were affected by salinity.     

广东潮安四望坪铜矿区断裂控矿特征

广东潮安四望坪铜矿以岩浆期后热液交代充填成矿为特征,在其三位一体(岩浆岩、断裂/层间滑动破碎带、围岩)的控矿组合中,以流纹斑岩、晶屑凝灰岩的层间滑动破碎带为最佳.本文从矿区资料的综合研究入手,深入剖析了岩浆岩、断裂、围岩圈闭条件与矿体规模、富集程度的关系;旨在通过对矿区地质环境与矿床成因的深入分析,建立火山期后热液矿床的断裂控矿模式,为粤东火山岩地区该类矿床的发现提供理论上的启示.     

信息共享平台在环境管理中的支撑作用

建立环境信息共享平台,使环境管理数据实现共享,实现各类数据及时的关联,是环境管理工作发展的必然趋势,将为环境管理提供强有力的技术支撑。信息共享平台利用了大型数据库在性能、安全性、可靠性、数据一致性、分布式处理等方面的优势,将各主要环境业务部门的统计、收费、审批、监测等数据集中管理起来,数据管理人员、各级领导、业务部门员工通过统一的Web界面进行管理、查询分析大量的环境数据,从而简化环境数据管理的难度,提高环境数据管理的水平,大大方便用户对环保数据的访问,提高了数据利用效率。     

额济纳天然胡杨林水分利用效率动态变化研究

黑河下游的额济纳绿洲是我国西北地区重要的生态屏障,也是当地人民赖以生存的自然资源,然而由于种种原因,这片绿洲正在衰败并且有消亡的危险.胡杨是典型的潜水旱中生植物,它虽然有较强的耐大气干旱、耐盐碱能力,其生长发育与水分条件的优劣有着十分密切的关系.本文通过研究额济纳天然胡杨的叶水势、蒸腾速率、光合速率的变化规律,综合分析其水分利用效率与叶水势的相关关系,了解胡杨树体内水分运移关系,为揭示胡杨生存现状和合理利用水资源提供理论依据,为合理保护额济纳绿洲胡杨林提供科学支持.     

动剪切模量与阻尼比的共振柱和动三轴对比试验研究∗

利用 GCTS 共振柱试验仪和循环三轴试验仪分别对砂土和黏土进行了动剪切模量和阻尼比试验,研究了共振柱和动三轴试验得到的规准化动剪切模量比 G/G_max和阻尼比 λ 随剪应变 γ 变化的规律,并考虑了土样类别以及深度对两种方法测得的 G/G_max和 λ 的影响。试验结果表明,共振柱和动三轴两种试验得到的土体 G/G_max和 λ 具有良好的一致性,且与土样的深度和类别无关,可将两种试验方法结合起来共同测定土体 10^-6~10^-2 应变范围内的 G/G_max和 λ,从而为重大工程场地地震效应分析提供宽应变范围内的 G/Gmax和 λ 曲线。     

基于风险分析的流域优先有机污染物筛查:方法构建

化学品的大量使用和排放进入水环境,对水生态系统产生诸多不利影响。因此,流域环境管理的重点之一就是如何筛查具有潜在风险的优先污染物。对于流域环境介质中污染物筛查而言,难点和关键是如何建立高效的分析方法来尽可能多的获取环境介质中的污染物信息,进而对其危害及风险水平进行判断与筛查。对在流域环境介质中污染物筛查方面具有潜在应用可能性的环境分析方法进行了综述,提出了以高通量分析方法为基础的基于概率风险分析的流域优先有机污染物筛查方法体系,并对体系中涉及的筛查基准、数据选择等关键问题进行了讨论。     

毒死蜱和吡虫啉对意大利工蜂(Apis mellifera L.)的慢性经口毒性

文章以毒死蜱和吡虫啉为受试农药,以4日龄内的意大利工蜂(Apis melifera L.)为受试生物,研究2种农药对意大利工蜂的10 d经口慢性毒性。结果显示:参比物质乐果对意大利工蜂的10 d半致死浓度(10 d-LC50)为0.550μg a.i.·g~(-1)食物,平均每天半致死剂量(LDD50)为0.019μg a.i.·蜂~(-1)·天~(-1);在有效试验条件下,毒死蜱对意大利工蜂的10 d LC50为0.582μg a.i.·g~(-1)食物,LDD50为0.021μg a.i.·蜂~(-1)·天~(-1);吡虫啉对意大利工蜂的10 d LC50为0.055μg a.i.·g~(-1)食物,LDD50为1.542 ng a.i.·蜂~(-1)·天~(-1)。试验结果可为毒死蜱和吡虫啉的安全使用提供科学参考,同时可促进我国农药对蜜蜂的安全性评价体系的完善。