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61.
化学品的大量使用和排放进入水环境,对水生态系统产生诸多不利影响。因此,流域环境管理的重点之一就是如何筛查具有潜在风险的优先污染物。对于流域环境介质中污染物筛查而言,难点和关键是如何建立高效的分析方法来尽可能多的获取环境介质中的污染物信息,进而对其危害及风险水平进行判断与筛查。对在流域环境介质中污染物筛查方面具有潜在应用可能性的环境分析方法进行了综述,提出了以高通量分析方法为基础的基于概率风险分析的流域优先有机污染物筛查方法体系,并对体系中涉及的筛查基准、数据选择等关键问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
62.
文章以毒死蜱和吡虫啉为受试农药,以4日龄内的意大利工蜂(Apis melifera L.)为受试生物,研究2种农药对意大利工蜂的10 d经口慢性毒性。结果显示:参比物质乐果对意大利工蜂的10 d半致死浓度(10 d-LC50)为0.550μg a.i.·g~(-1)食物,平均每天半致死剂量(LDD50)为0.019μg a.i.·蜂~(-1)·天~(-1);在有效试验条件下,毒死蜱对意大利工蜂的10 d LC50为0.582μg a.i.·g~(-1)食物,LDD50为0.021μg a.i.·蜂~(-1)·天~(-1);吡虫啉对意大利工蜂的10 d LC50为0.055μg a.i.·g~(-1)食物,LDD50为1.542 ng a.i.·蜂~(-1)·天~(-1)。试验结果可为毒死蜱和吡虫啉的安全使用提供科学参考,同时可促进我国农药对蜜蜂的安全性评价体系的完善。 相似文献
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Qingwei BU Donghong WANG Zijian WANG Junnong GU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(1):42-53
The Danjiangkou reservoir was selected to provide the source water for the middle routes of the South to North Water Transfer Project, which has provoked many environmental concerns. To date, investigations of water contamination of the source water of the Danjiangkou reservoir with organic micro-pollutants have been limited. This study was conducted to identify and rank organic contaminants that pose risks in the Danjiangkou reservoir. To this end, the Chemical Hazard Evaluation and Manage- ment Strategies (CHEMS-1) approach was adapted to integrate the deconvolution technology of qualitative identifying contaminants for site-specific environmental matrices. The samples were screened for the presence of 1093 contaminants using deconvolution technologies and the hazard values of the identified contaminants were calculated using the adapted CHEMS-1 approach accord- ing to their hazardous properties and occurrence in source water. The results showed that 46 contaminants from 1093 targets were present in Danjiangkou water, 23 of which appeared at frequencies higher than 50%, and 15 of which were identified as priorities. Over half (53%) of the high- ranked contaminants were polycyclic aromatic hydrocar- bons (PAHs), with chrysene ranked highest on the list. Health risk assessment of the top-ranked PAHs was conducted and revealed that cancer risks of PAHs detected in the source water of Danjiangkou to different populations ranged from 10-7 to 104, indicating a low cancer risk to consumers. The results of this study indicated that the adapted CHEMS-1 approach was feasible for site-specific screening of organic contaminants to identify and rank potential priority pollutants. 相似文献
64.
In the present study, we focus on the analysis of the volatile organic compound (VOC) contents in the grain of a representative set of winter wheat cultivars grown in Central Europe. The cultivars were grown in control conditions or were inoculated with the fungus Fusarium culmorum. In the analysed samples, hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, aromatics, terpenes and others were found. Among them, results for terpenes seem particularly important. The discriminant analysis allowed complete separation of the quality groups of wheat based on VOCs. Simultaneously, a genetic matrix was created based on the genetic distance between the wheat cultivars and the Mantel test was used to compare it with the VOC matrix. The analysis revealed relationships between the genetic matrix and the overall VOCs, as well as terpenes. The obtained results indicate a significant relationship between microorganisms that exist in the environment, genetic features of plants and VOCs formed in the grain. 相似文献
65.
煤矿区生态累积效应评价研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
煤炭开采活动的特点决定了其对矿区生态环境的影响具有明显的累积效应。在梳理生态累积效应概念和特征的基础上,结合煤矿区各类活动的特点综述了煤矿区生态累积效应的影响源、途径、效应及类型,并评述了目前国内外有关煤矿区生态累积效应的相关研究。目前针对煤矿区生态累积效应的研究仍十分有限,评价方法也尚不成熟。关于煤矿区的生态累积效应研究主要集中在效应评价方面,有关生态累积效应的发生机理、指标体系构建、评价方法学、管理规划及应对机制,是未来应加强的重点研究领域。 相似文献
66.
常用农药助剂类产品对水生生物效应研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农药助剂是在农药制剂加工和使用中加入的除农药有效成分以外的其他辅助物质的总称。农药助剂在提高农药制剂药效、改善药剂性能、稳定制剂质量和降低活性成分危害等方面都起着相当重要的作用。几乎所有化学合成的农药原药都需添加农药助剂成为具有实际使用价值的农药制剂。农药助剂本身虽不具备对靶标生物的杀灭作用,但并不意味着其对环境或人体不具有危害性,部分现今仍在流通使用的农药助剂可导致健康危害,如致癌、致畸、致突变、危害神经系统,具有内分泌干扰作用等。截止目前,由于农药施用带来的农药助剂的危害问题很少引起研究人员关注,我国在农药助剂管理方面还是空白,亟需引起管理部门的重视并制订相关的防控法规。农药助剂种类繁多,我国习惯上将其分为非表面活性剂和表面活性剂两大类。本文总结了包括常用溶剂,非离子型、阳离子型和阴离子型表面活性剂在内的常用助剂对藻类、大型溞和鱼类等水生生物的急慢性毒性效应,并综述了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类助剂及其降解产物对水生生物的内分泌干扰效应。鉴于农药助剂对生态环境和人类的健康风险,本文还提出了我国农药助剂环境安全管理策略建议。 相似文献
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68.
Huijuan Li Duo Bu Yan Gao Nali Zhu Jing Wu Xiangfeng Chen Jianjie Fu Yawei Wang Aiqian Zhang Guibin Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(1):275-280
Pristine alpine regions are ideal regions for investigating the long-range atmospheric transport and cold trapping effects of short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). The concentrations and alpine condensation of SCCPs were investigated in lichen samples collected from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The concentrations of SCCPs ranged from 3098 to 6999 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and appeared to have an increasing trend with altitude. For congeners, C10 dominated among all the congener groups. The different environmental behavior for different congener groups was closely related to their octanol-air partition coefficient (Koa). C10 congeners showed an increasing trend with altitude, whereas C13 congeners were negatively correlated with altitude. Volumetric bioconcentration factors (BCF) of SCCPs reached 8.71 in lichens, which were higher than other semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). These results suggested that SCCPs were prone to accumulate in the lichen from the air and provided evidence for the role of lichens as a suitable atmospheric indicator in the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
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