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71.
72.
矿井水中微量油测试的几个问题探讨 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
矿井水中的油由于含量较低且水质特殊,一般较难测准。本文提出了在测试矿井水中微量油时存在的一些问题,如分析方法的选择、标准油、空白水样及水中悬浮物对测试结果的影响等,并提出了解决这些问题的措施。 相似文献
73.
理论COD与重铬酸钾法实测COD的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文探讨有机化合物理论化学需氧量的涵义,有机物各组成元素氧化达到最高氧化值应是ThOD的计算基础。重铬酸钾法实测化学需氧量,对结构较简单的有机物接近ThOD,对结构复杂的有机物,CODcr只达到ThOD的90%或更低一些。 相似文献
74.
75.
水源水中摇蚊幼虫的孳生与生态控制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
摇蚊幼虫(红虫)在城市供水系统中的出现,成为困扰水厂正常生产运行的又一水处理难题。首先对其生理特性与环境因子之间的关系进行了论述,然后从生态学角度出发,利用生态群落中的食物链关系,分析了富营养化水体中摇蚊幼虫大量孳生的原因。在此基础上提出了利用合理的生物操纵技术,通过鱼类与水生生物间的“下行效应”,以达到恢复生态平衡并控制摇蚊幼虫孳生为目的的生态治理方案。 相似文献
76.
Bu Duo Lulu Cui Zhenzhen Wang Rui Li Liwu Zhang Hongbo Fu Jianmin Chen Huifang Zhang A. Qiong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(1):28-42
Atmospheric pollutants including SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were monitored continuously from March 2014 to February 2015 to investigate characteristics of air pollution at Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau. Species exhibited similar seasonal variations except O3, with the peaks in winter but low valleys in summer. The maximum O3 concentration was observed in spring, followed by summer, autumn, and winter. The positive correlation between O3 and PM10 in spring indicated similar sources of them, and was assumed to be turbulent transport. Temperature was the dominant meteorological factor for most species in spring. High temperature accelerates O3 photochemistry, and favors air disturbance which is conductive to dust resuspension in spring. Relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric pressure were the main meteorological factors in summer. RH showed negative correlations with species, while atmospheric pressure posed opposite situation. Wind speed (WS) was the dominant meteorological factor in autumn, the negative correlations between WS and species indicated diffusion by wind. Most species showed non-significant correlations with meteorological factors in winter, indicating the dependence of pollution on source emission rather than restriction by meteorology. Pollution weather character indicated that emissions were from biomass burning and dust suspension, and meteorological factors also played an important role. Air stream injection from the stratosphere was observed during O3 pollution period. Air parcels from Southwest Asia were observed during air pollution period in winter. An enhancement in air pollutants such as O3 would be expected in the future, more attention should be given to countermeasures for prevention of air pollution in the future. 相似文献
77.
磨盘山水库作为哈尔滨市城区主水源,确保其水源地环境安全是我市重要的民生保障。以《集中式饮用水水源地环境保护状况评估技术规范》(HJ 774-2015)为依据,对哈尔滨市磨盘山水源地2016年环境状况进行了评估。结果表明,磨盘山水源2016年度综合评估得分为98.13分,属于优秀水源。取水保证状况评估得分10分,评估结果属于优秀;水源达标状况得分60分,评估结果属于优秀;管理状况评估得分28.125分,评估结果属于优秀。针对评估结论提出了相应的保护对策,为哈尔滨市磨盘山水源地保护和环境管理工作提供了科学依据。 相似文献
78.
Yeo Tze Yuen Paul N. Sharratt Bu Jie 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(22):22309-22330
Numerous carbon dioxide mineralization (CM) processes have been proposed to overcome the slow rate of natural weathering of silicate minerals. Ten of these proposals are mentioned in this article. The proposals are described in terms of the four major areas relating to CM process design: pre-treatment, purification, carbonation, and reagent recycling operations. Any known specifics based on probable or representative operating and reaction conditions are listed, and basic analysis of the strengths and shortcomings associated with the individual process designs are given in this article. The processes typically employ physical or chemical pseudo-catalytic methods to enhance the rate of carbon dioxide mineralization; however, both methods have its own associated advantages and problems. To examine the feasibility of a CM process, three key aspects should be included in the evaluation criteria: energy use, operational considerations as well as product value and economics. Recommendations regarding the optimal level of emphasis and implementation of measures to control these aspects are given, and these will depend very much on the desired process objectives. Ultimately, a mix-and-match approach to process design might be required to provide viable and economic proposals for CM processes. 相似文献
79.
A sensitive biotin–streptavidin‐amplified enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (BA‐ELISA) method was developed for detecting non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen. Compared with traditional ELISA method, the sensitivity of proposed immunoassay was enhanced by the biotin–streptavidin system. Under the optimal condition, the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.25 ng mL?1, with minor cross‐reactivity to a number of structural analogs. This developed assay was successfully applied to detect the ketoprofen residues in different fish samples, and good recoveries (72.6–105.5%) were obtained. The results indicated that this immunoassay method could specifically detect trace ketoprofen residues and could be widely used for routine monitoring of food samples. 相似文献
80.
Xueyou Li Wenqiang Hu William V. Bleisch Quan Li Hongjiao Wang Wen Lu Jun Sun Fuyou Zhang Bu Ti Xuelong Jiang 《Conservation biology》2022,36(3):e13839
In the Anthropocene, understanding the impacts of anthropogenic influence on biodiversity and behavior of vulnerable wildlife communities is increasingly relevant to effective conservation. However, comparative studies aimed at disentangling the concurrent effect of different types of human disturbance on multifaceted biodiversity and on activity patterns of mammals are surprisingly rare. We applied a multiregion community model to separately estimate the effects of cumulative human modification (e.g., settlement, agriculture, and transportation) and human presence (aggregated presence of dogs, people, and livestock) on species richness and functional composition of medium- and large-bodied mammals based on camera trap data collected across 45 subtropical montane forests. We divided the detected mammal species into three trophic guilds–carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores–and assessed the nocturnal shifts of each guild in response to anthropogenic activities. Overall, species richness tended to increase (β coefficient = 0.954) as human modification increased but richness decreased as human presence increased (β = –1.054). Human modification was associated with significantly lower functional diversity (mean nearest taxon distance [MNTD], β = –0.134; standardized effect sizes of MNTD, β = –0.397), community average body mass (β = –0.240), and proportion of carnivores (β = –0.580). Human presence was associated with a strongly reduced proportion of herbivores (β = –0.522), whereas proportion of omnivores significantly increased as human presence (β = 0.378) and habitat modification (β = 0.419) increased. In terms of activity patterns, omnivores (β = 12.103) and carnivores (β = 9.368) became more nocturnal in response to human modification. Our results suggest that human modification and human presence have differing effects on mammals and demonstrate that anthropogenic disturbances can lead to drastic loss of functional diversity and result in a shift to nocturnal behavior of mammals. Conservation planning should consider concurrent effects of different types of human disturbance on species richness, functional diversity, and behavior of wildlife communities. 相似文献