矿井水中微量油测试的几个问题探讨

矿井水中的油由于含量较低且水质特殊，一般较难测准。本文提出了在测试矿井水中微量油时存在的一些问题，如分析方法的选择、标准油、空白水样及水中悬浮物对测试结果的影响等，并提出了解决这些问题的措施。     

我国企业信息化建设中角色关系的思考

我国企业信息化建设中存在三类角色分别是企业、管理咨询公司和信息化产品开发商,他们各有优势和不足.只有三方面互相影响、互相促进、改变三者之间的"挤压关系",建立新的服务、协作、监督关系,企业信息化才能顺利进行.本文通过对这三类角色各自特点的分析和比较,深刻的思考了在我国企业信息化建设中这些角色之间的关系.     

理论COD与重铬酸钾法实测COD的关系

本文探讨有机化合物理论化学需氧量的涵义，有机物各组成元素氧化达到最高氧化值应是ＴｈＯＤ的计算基础。重铬酸钾法实测化学需氧量，对结构较简单的有机物接近ＴｈＯＤ，对结构复杂的有机物，ＣＯＤｃｒ只达到ＴｈＯＤ的９０％或更低一些。     

三维有限元模拟中的网格重划

详细论述了网格重划技术的判断准则、新旧网格之间场量传递等 ,提出了两种进行包含测试的新方法交点判断法和矢量判断法 ,并成功地应用于新旧网格之间三维场量的传递。实例应用验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

水源水中摇蚊幼虫的孳生与生态控制

摇蚊幼虫（红虫）在城市供水系统中的出现，成为困扰水厂正常生产运行的又一水处理难题。首先对其生理特性与环境因子之间的关系进行了论述，然后从生态学角度出发，利用生态群落中的食物链关系，分析了富营养化水体中摇蚊幼虫大量孳生的原因。在此基础上提出了利用合理的生物操纵技术，通过鱼类与水生生物间的“下行效应”，以达到恢复生态平衡并控制摇蚊幼虫孳生为目的的生态治理方案。     

新型膜-生物反应器中膜丝长度对临界通量的影响

为了优化膜-生物反应器中的膜组件长度,考察了4组不同长度膜组件(膜丝长度为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.7m)在不同曝气量下的临界通量区.试验结果发现,曝气强度相同时,膜丝长度为0.4m膜组件的临界通量区高于膜丝长度为0.2m、0.6m和0.7m的膜组件,说明膜丝长度存在最优值;膜组件中膜丝长度相同时,曝气强度越大临界通量区越高.膜丝(膜组件)长度对临界通量产生影响主要体现在2方面:一是膜丝长度的变化会改变膜丝上局部通量的非均匀分布状况;二是曝气气泡对不同长度膜丝的冲刷作用不同.应用局部通量分布方程模拟了清洁膜丝上局部通量的分布状况;结果表明,膜丝长度越长,沿膜丝长度方向的局部通量分布越不均匀,则膜组件的临界通量越小.从曝气气泡对膜丝的冲刷作用看,相同曝气量下膜组件(即膜丝)长度越长,形成的气泡越大,在大气泡的作用下膜丝更易于摇摆和震动以达到减轻膜表面污染物沉积的效果,即可能达到的临界通量越大.因此,对于减轻膜污染而言,即得到最高的临界通量区,膜丝(膜组件)长度存在最优值.     

Observations of atmospheric pollutants at Lhasa during 2014–2015: Pollution status and the influence of meteorological factors

Atmospheric pollutants including SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃ and inhalable particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) were monitored continuously from March 2014 to February 2015 to investigate characteristics of air pollution at Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau. Species exhibited similar seasonal variations except O₃, with the peaks in winter but low valleys in summer. The maximum O₃ concentration was observed in spring, followed by summer, autumn, and winter. The positive correlation between O₃ and PM₁₀ in spring indicated similar sources of them, and was assumed to be turbulent transport. Temperature was the dominant meteorological factor for most species in spring. High temperature accelerates O₃ photochemistry, and favors air disturbance which is conductive to dust resuspension in spring. Relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric pressure were the main meteorological factors in summer. RH showed negative correlations with species, while atmospheric pressure posed opposite situation. Wind speed (WS) was the dominant meteorological factor in autumn, the negative correlations between WS and species indicated diffusion by wind. Most species showed non-significant correlations with meteorological factors in winter, indicating the dependence of pollution on source emission rather than restriction by meteorology. Pollution weather character indicated that emissions were from biomass burning and dust suspension, and meteorological factors also played an important role. Air stream injection from the stratosphere was observed during O₃ pollution period. Air parcels from Southwest Asia were observed during air pollution period in winter. An enhancement in air pollutants such as O₃ would be expected in the future, more attention should be given to countermeasures for prevention of air pollution in the future.     

哈尔滨市磨盘山水源地环境状况评估与保护对策研究

磨盘山水库作为哈尔滨市城区主水源,确保其水源地环境安全是我市重要的民生保障。以《集中式饮用水水源地环境保护状况评估技术规范》(HJ 774-2015)为依据,对哈尔滨市磨盘山水源地2016年环境状况进行了评估。结果表明,磨盘山水源2016年度综合评估得分为98.13分,属于优秀水源。取水保证状况评估得分10分,评估结果属于优秀;水源达标状况得分60分,评估结果属于优秀;管理状况评估得分28.125分,评估结果属于优秀。针对评估结论提出了相应的保护对策,为哈尔滨市磨盘山水源地保护和环境管理工作提供了科学依据。     

毒死蜱、二嗪磷等6种农药对鸟类的环境风险评估

应用现有的评估方法,对毒死蜱、二嗪磷、乐果、吡虫啉、抗蚜威和灭多威6种农药对鸟类的风险进行评估,评估结果表明,经食途径,乐果、毒死蜱和二嗪磷对鸟类的初级急性、短期和长期风险均不可接受;吡虫啉对鸟类的初级急性和长期风险不可接受;抗蚜威和灭多威对鸟类的初级急性风险不可接受,对鸟类的初级短期和长期风险可接受.通过饮水途径,只有毒死蜱对鸟类的急性风险无需关注,其他农药品种对鸟类的急、慢性风险均需关注.吡虫啉、毒死蜱、二嗪磷和灭多威4种农药通过喷雾液滴吸入途径对鸟类产生的风险需要引起关注,乐果和抗蚜威通过喷雾液滴吸入途径对鸟类产生的风险无需关注;6种农药通过挥发相吸入途径对鸟类产生的风险均无需关注.评估结果可为6种农药的安全使用和的环境安全管理提供科学参考,同时对我国现有评估指南的完善提出了建议.     

Carbon dioxide mineralization process design and evaluation: concepts,case studies,and considerations

Numerous carbon dioxide mineralization (CM) processes have been proposed to overcome the slow rate of natural weathering of silicate minerals. Ten of these proposals are mentioned in this article. The proposals are described in terms of the four major areas relating to CM process design: pre-treatment, purification, carbonation, and reagent recycling operations. Any known specifics based on probable or representative operating and reaction conditions are listed, and basic analysis of the strengths and shortcomings associated with the individual process designs are given in this article. The processes typically employ physical or chemical pseudo-catalytic methods to enhance the rate of carbon dioxide mineralization; however, both methods have its own associated advantages and problems. To examine the feasibility of a CM process, three key aspects should be included in the evaluation criteria: energy use, operational considerations as well as product value and economics. Recommendations regarding the optimal level of emphasis and implementation of measures to control these aspects are given, and these will depend very much on the desired process objectives. Ultimately, a mix-and-match approach to process design might be required to provide viable and economic proposals for CM processes.