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121.
Deok Hyun Moon Kyung Hoon Cheong Jeehyeong Khim Dennis G. Grubb Ilwon Ko 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(1):159-166
A stabilization/solidification (S/S) process was used to immobilize Cu in contaminated soils obtained from two army firing ranges sites (A and B) with total Cu concentrations of 520 and 380 mg/kg, respectively. Both waste oyster shells (WOS) and pretreated oyster shells (POS) were used to immobilize Cu in the contaminated soils. Waste oyster shells passing the #10 mesh and #20 mesh were used for the Sites A and B, respectively. WOS- and POS-treated soil samples cured for 28 days were evaluated for Cu leaching by the Korean Standard Leaching Test (KSLT) method. Slurry suspensions were prepared to investigate the Cu immobilization mechanism using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The treatment results showed that the POS treatment was more effective than the WOS treatment of 28 days. For Site A, 10 wt% WOS and 3 wt% POS dosages were required to pass the Korean warning standard of 50 mg/kg, while 10 wt% WOS and 5 wt% POS dosages were required for the Site B treatment. The XRPD and SEM-EDX results showed that Cu immobilization was strongly linked to both CSH/CAH and ettringite. Overall, the POS treatment was effective at immobilizing the Cu in the contaminated soils, very likely due to its CaO content. 相似文献
122.
Wazne M Jagupilla SC Moon DH Christodoulatos C Koutsospyros A 《Journal of environmental quality》2008,37(6):2125-2134
Batch leaching tests, qualitative and quantitative x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses, and geochemical modeling were used to investigate the leaching mechanisms of Cr(VI) from chromite ore processing residue (COPR) samples obtained from an urban area in Hudson County, New Jersey. The pH of the leaching solutions was adjusted to cover a wide range between 1 and 12.5. The concentration levels for total chromium (Cr) and Cr(VI) in the leaching solutions were virtually identical for pH values >5. For pH values <5, the concentration of total Cr exceeded that of Cr(VI) with the difference between the two attributed to Cr(III). Geochemical modeling results indicated that the solubility of Cr(VI) is controlled by Cr(VI)-hydrocalumite and Cr(VI)-ettringite at pH >10.5 and by adsorption at pH <8. However, experimental results suggested that Cr(VI) solubility is controlled partially by Cr(VI)-hydrocalumite at pH >10.5 and by hydrotalcites at pH >8 in addition to adsorption of anionic chromate species onto inherently present metal oxides and hydroxides at pH <8. As pH decreased to <10, most of the Cr(VI) bearing minerals become unstable and their dissolution contributes to the increase in Cr(VI) concentration in the leachate solution. At low pH ( <1.5), Cr(III) solid phases and the oxides responsible for Cr(VI) adsorption dissolve and release Cr(III) and Cr(VI) into solution. 相似文献
123.
Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DLPCBs) were measured in 26 seafoods commonly consumed by the Korean population. The total toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations in seafood samples ranged from 0.01 to 6.76 pg TEQ/g wet wt, which were comparable with those found in other countries. The predominant congeners found in seafood samples were 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-PeCDF and 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDF for PCDD/Fs and PCB 118 for DLPCBs. Dietary intakes of PCDD/Fs and DLPCBs from seafood consumption were estimated for various age groups and gender in Korea. The dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and DLPCBs from seafood consumption for the general population was estimated to be 1.23 pg TEQ/kg bw/day, values that are in the range of those reported for other countries. Mackerel, tuna and hairtail contributed to the highest TEQ intakes, which collectively accounted for 66% of the total intake. Among the eight age groups investigated, 3-6 year old children had the highest TEQ exposure, followed by 50-64 years, 30-39 years and <2 years. Considering contributions of seafood consumption to the total dietary intake studies, the dietary TEQ intakes to the general population appear to be below the threshold values by international organizations. The present study may be useful for risk management for dioxins and dioxin-like contaminants in Korean seafood. 相似文献
124.
Chang-Keun Kang Eun Jung Choy Yongsoo Son Jae-Young Lee Jong Kyu Kim Youngdae Kim Kun-Seop Lee 《Marine Biology》2008,153(6):1181-1198
Loss of macroalgae habitats has been widespread on rocky marine coastlines of the eastern Korean peninsula, and efforts for
restoration and creation of macroalgal beds have increasingly been made to mitigate these habitat losses. Deploying artificial
reefs of concrete pyramids with kelps attached has been commonly used and applied in this study. As a part of an effort to
evaluate structural and functional recovery of created and restored habitat, the macroalgal community and food web structure
were studied about a year after the establishment of the artificial macroalgal bed, making comparisons with nearby natural
counterparts and barren ground communities. Dominant species, total abundance, and community structure of macroalgal assemblage
at the restored macroalgal bed recovered to the neighboring natural bed levels during the study period. The main primary producers
(phytoplankton and macroalgae) were isotopically well separated. δ13C and δ15N values of consumers were very similar between restored and natural beds but varied greatly among functional feeding groups.
The range of consumer δ13C was as wide as that of primary producers, indicating the trophic importance of both producers. There was a stepwise trophic
enrichment in δ15N with increasing trophic level. A comparison of isotope signatures between primary producers and consumers showed that, while
suspension feeders are highly dependent on pelagic sources, invertebrates of other feeding guilds and fishes mainly use macroalgae-derived
organic matter as their ultimate nutritional sources in both macroalgal beds, emphasizing the high equivalency of trophic
structure between both beds. Isotopic signatures of a few mollusks and sea urchins showed that they use different dietary
items in macroalgal-barren grounds compared with macroalgal beds, probably reflecting their feeding plasticity according to
the low macroalgal biomass. However, isotopic signatures of most of the consumers at the barren ground were consistent with
those at the macroalgal beds, supporting the important trophic role of drifting algae. Our results revealed the recoveries
of the macroalgal community and trophic structure at the restored habitat. Further studies on colonization of early settlers
and the following succession progress are needed to better understand the process and recovery rate in the developing benthic
community. 相似文献
125.
Kannan K Moon HB Yun SH Agusa T Thomas NJ Tanabe S 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(4):552-558
Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (DDTs, HCHs, and chlordanes), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), and 20 trace elements were determined in livers of 3- to 5-year old stranded sea otters collected from the coastal waters of California, Washington, and Alaska (USA) and from Kamchatka (Russia). Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and PBDEs were high in sea otters collected from the California coast. Concentrations of DDTs were 10-fold higher in California sea otters than in otters from other locations; PCB concentrations were 5-fold higher, and PBDE concentrations were 2-fold higher, in California sea otters than in otters from other locations. Concentrations of PAHs were higher in sea otters from Prince William Sound than in sea otters from other locations. Concentrations of several trace elements were elevated in sea otters collected from California and Prince William Sound. Elevated concentrations of Mn and Zn in sea otters from California and Prince William Sound were indicative of oxidative stress-related injuries in these two populations. Concentrations of all of the target compounds, including trace elements, that were analyzed in sea otters from Kamchatka were lower than those found from the US coastal locations. 相似文献
126.
127.
Ji Eun Lee Hang Seok Choi Yong Chil Seo 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(4):665-676
For designing an efficient circulating fluidized bed reactor, understanding the complex hydrodynamic characteristics in the reactor is required. Hence, in the present study, the modeling and simulation of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier using plastic waste were carried out with Eulerian-Granular approach. Several cases were investigated as changing superficial gas velocities or sizes of plastic waste particle. Firstly, cases were examined with four different velocities when the particle diameter is 1 mm. At the gas velocity of 6 or 8 m/s, gas volume fraction is more than 95 % throughout the reactor and particle velocity has positive value overall. Therefore, a circulating fluidized bed seems to be formed in both cases. Comparing those two cases, better solid mixing can be expected considering the mass fraction and solid velocity at the superficial gas velocity of 6 m/s. Thus this case was further studied for the effect of particle size. As the diameters of plastic waste particle are 1 or 3 mm, it is considered that a circulating fluidized bed is formed. And plastic waste and sand particles are well mixed throughout the reactor. However, the particle diameter increases over 3 mm then, it is very hard to maintain circulating fluidization condition. 相似文献
128.
Agricultural solid waste for the removal of organics: adsorption of phenol from water and wastewater by palm seed coat activated carbon 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Rengaraj S Moon SH Sivabalan R Arabindoo B Murugesan V 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2002,22(5):543-548
Adsorption studies for phenol removal from aqueous solution on activated palm seed coat carbon (PSCC) were carried out under varying experimental conditions of contact time, phenol concentration, adsorbent dose and pH. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 3 h for phenolic concentrations 10-60 mg l(-1). Kinetics of adsorption obeyed a first order rate equation. The percent removal remained constant over the pH range 4-9 for a phenolic concentration of 25 mg (l-1). The equilibrium data could be described well by the Freundlich isotherm equation. The adsorption of phenol on PSCC follows the film diffusion process. A comparative study with a commercial activated carbon showed that PSCC is two times more effective than commercial activated carbon. The studies showed that the palm seed coat carbon can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the removal of phenolics from water and wastewater. 相似文献
129.
There is increasing concern about the exposure to fungal aerosols in occupational environments and associated respiratory allergic diseases and asthma. A large number of people work in cattle sheds around the world, pulmonary function impairments and higher frequency of respiratory symptoms have been reported in dairy farmers; however, it appears that adequate information on the fungal aerosols from the cattle sheds are largely lacking. Volumetric assessment of airborne culturable and nonculturable fungal spores was performed in two sections of a large rural indoor cattle shed of West Bengal, India for 2 consecutive years. An Andersen Two Stage Viable Sampler was used for sampling culturable fungi and a Burkard Personal Slide Sampler was used to collect the total airborne fungal spores including both the culturable and nonculturable types. A total of 31 spore types and 35 types of viable colony-forming units were recorded. Average concentration range of total fungal spores was 233-2985/m(3) and concentration of viable colony-forming units ranged between 165 and 2225 CFU/m(3). Burkard Sampler showed higher frequencies of Aspergilli/Penicilli, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and smut spores. Andersen Sampler showed the prevalence of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Cladosporium cladosporioides colonies. Some recorded fungi were earlier reported as allergenic, toxic, and pathogenic for occupational workers as well as cattle population. Higher concentration levels of airborne total and culturable fungal spores were recorded during the months of November through February (winter) and June through September (late summer and rainy season). 相似文献
130.