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171.
Exploring price effects on the residential water conservation technology diffusion process: a case study of Tianjin city 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Reforms of the water pricing management system and the establishment of a flexible water pricing system are significant for cities in northern China to tackle their critical water issues. The WATAP (Water conservation Technology Adoption Processes) model is developed in order to capture the water conservation technology adoption process under different price scenarios with disaggregate water demands down to the end use level. This model is explicitly characterized by the technological selection process under maximum marginal benefit assumption by different categories of households. In particular, when households need to purchase water devices in the provision market with the consideration of complex factors such as the life span, investment and operating costs of the device, as well as the regulated water price by the government. Applied to Tianjin city, four scenarios of water price evolutions for a long-term perspective (from year 2011 to 2030) are considered, including BAU (Business As Usual), SP1 (Scenario of Price increase with constant annual rate), SP2 (Scenario of Price increase every four years) and SP3 (Scenario of Price increase with affordable constraint), considering many factors such as historic trends, affordability and incentives for conservation. Results show that on aggregate 2.3%, 11.0% and 18.2% of fresh water can be saved in the residential sector in scenario SP1, SP2 and SP3, respectively, compared with the BAU scenario in the year 2030. The water price signals can change the market shares of different water appliances, as well as the water end use structure of households, and ultimately improve water use efficiency. TheWATAP model may potentially be a helpful tool to provide insights for policy makers on water conservation technology policy analysis and assessment. 相似文献
172.
Yan MA Naiyun GAO Wenhai CHU Cong LI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(2):158-165
In this study, the adsorption performance of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on phenol was investigated in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of various experimental parameters like PAC type, PAC dose, initial solution pH, temperature and pre-oxidation on the adsorption of phenol by PAC and establish the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics and isothermal models. The results indicated that PAC adsorption is an effective method to remove phenol from water, and the effects of all the five factors on adsorption of phenol were significant. The adsorption rate of phenol by PAC was rapid, and more than 80% phenol could be absorbed by PAC within the initial 10 min. The adsorption process can be well described by pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model with rate constant amounted to 0.0313, 0.0305 and 0.0241 mg·μg -1·min -1 with coal, coconut shell and bamboo charcoal. The equilibrium data of phenol absorbed onto PAC were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption isotherms and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model gave the best correlation with the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters such as the standard Gibbs free energy (?G o), enthalpy (?H o) and entropy (?S o) obtained in this study indicated that the adsorption of phenol by PAC is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy decreasing. 相似文献
173.
Sheng-Hung Wu Jen-Hao Chi Yung-Tin Wu Yi-Hao Huang Feng-Jen Chu Jao-Jia Horng Chi-Min Shu Jean-Claude Charpentier 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(6):1069-1074
Thermal degradation of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). TATP, a potential explosive material, is powerful organic peroxide (OP) that can be synthesized by available chemicals, such as acetone and hydrogen peroxide in the laboratory or industries. The thermokinetic parameters, such as exothermic onset temperature (T0) and heat of decomposition (ΔHd), were determined by DSC tests. The gas products from thermal degradation of TATP were identified using GC/MS technique.In this study, H2O2 was mixed with propanone (acetone) and H2SO4 catalysis that produced TATP. The T0 of TATP was determined to be 40 °C and Ea was calculated to be 65 kJ/mol. A thermal decomposition peak of H2O2 was analyzed by DSC and two thermal decomposition peaks of H2O2/propanone were determined. Therefore, H2O2/propanone mixture was applied to mix acid that was discovered a thermal decomposition peak (as TATP) in this study. According to risk assessment and analysis methodologies, risk assessment of TATP for the environmental and human safety issue was evaluated as 2-level of hazard probability rating (P) and 6-level of severity of consequences ratings (S). Therefore, the result of risk assessment is 12-point and was evaluated as “Undesirable” that should be enforced the effect of control method to reduce the risk. 相似文献
174.
175.
46年前,伟人毛泽东从《人民日报》上读到江西省余江县消灭了血吸虫病时,浮想联翩,夜不能寐,欣然写下了著名诗词《送瘟神》:“春风杨柳万千条,六亿神州尽舜尧。红雨随心翻作浪,青山着意化为桥。”半个世纪以来,一代又一代党和政府领导人高度重视血吸虫病防治工作,全国已有广东、上海、广西、福建、浙江5个省市消灭了血吸虫病,取得举世 相似文献
176.
高压脉冲等离子体降解水中苯酚的实验研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对高压脉冲放电等离子体技术降解水中有机污染物苯酚进行了实验研究,观察了脉冲成形电容、脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、放电电极直径、放电距离、苯酚的人口质量浓度等因素对苯酚降解率的影响;实验结果表明脉冲成形电容有一最佳值;降解率随脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率增大而升高,随放电电极直径和放电距离的减小而增大,随苯酚人口质量浓度增大而增大。 相似文献
177.
178.
Xiaona CHU Jiangyong HU Say Leong ONG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2009,3(4):393-403
Proteomics involves the separation of proteins, identification of the amino acid sequence of the interested or target proteins, study of the function of the proteins, modification, structure and ultimate assignments to functional pathways in the cell. The proteomic investigations have contributed greatly to human diseases studies, new drugs discovery researches, and environmental science in recent years. This article provides a review on the development of the main proteomic technologies, including both the gel based and non-gel based technologies, and their applications in environmental science. Proteomic technologies have been utilized in the environmental stresses studies to analyze the induction or reduction of proteins at expression level and identify the target proteins to investigate their function in response to environmental stresses, such as high or low pH, oxidation stress, and toxic chemicals. Such protein responses are also helpful to understand the mechanisms of some cellular activities and the functions of some proteins. 相似文献
179.
泥法A/O生物脱氮工艺处理腈纶废水和炼油废水 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用泥法A/O生物脱氮工艺处理腈纶废水和炼油废水,出水中COD〈100mg/L,NH3-N〈15mg/L。但进水中油〉20mg/L,NH3-N〉700mg/L或SCN^-〉70mg/L时,将对系统产生不良影响。本文介绍了1年来的运行情况,探讨了系统受影响的原因,并提出了改进建议。 相似文献
180.
The species-area curve, which describes the relationship between the number of observed species in a geographical region and the area of the region, plays a central role in biogeography. Beyond its scientific importance, the species-area curve is commonly used to assess the loss of species due to habitat loss. When the species-area curve is estimated from spatial samples, the existence of species with low or highly spatially variable abundance exaggerates the true rate at which species accumulate with area. Here, a hidden species-area curve is defined that accounts for this sampling effect and its estimation by maximum likelihood is outlined. Both the species-area curve and the hidden species-area curve are conditioned on the observed species list; thus the analysis does not depend on the total number of observed and unobserved species, that is, species richness. The method is tested by sub-sampling some tropical forest data and found to work well. It is also applied to a classic data set from the deep sea. For these data, accounting for this sampling effect has a large impact. 相似文献