全文获取类型
收费全文 | 30187篇 |
免费 | 266篇 |
国内免费 | 320篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 832篇 |
废物处理 | 1246篇 |
环保管理 | 3820篇 |
综合类 | 5348篇 |
基础理论 | 7618篇 |
环境理论 | 9篇 |
污染及防治 | 8156篇 |
评价与监测 | 2060篇 |
社会与环境 | 1490篇 |
灾害及防治 | 194篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 239篇 |
2021年 | 252篇 |
2020年 | 166篇 |
2019年 | 234篇 |
2018年 | 428篇 |
2017年 | 427篇 |
2016年 | 663篇 |
2015年 | 522篇 |
2014年 | 835篇 |
2013年 | 2401篇 |
2012年 | 972篇 |
2011年 | 1268篇 |
2010年 | 998篇 |
2009年 | 1135篇 |
2008年 | 1305篇 |
2007年 | 1347篇 |
2006年 | 1196篇 |
2005年 | 1030篇 |
2004年 | 999篇 |
2003年 | 999篇 |
2002年 | 963篇 |
2001年 | 1235篇 |
2000年 | 859篇 |
1999年 | 513篇 |
1998年 | 357篇 |
1997年 | 366篇 |
1996年 | 406篇 |
1995年 | 419篇 |
1994年 | 415篇 |
1993年 | 333篇 |
1992年 | 344篇 |
1991年 | 340篇 |
1990年 | 356篇 |
1989年 | 316篇 |
1988年 | 318篇 |
1987年 | 249篇 |
1986年 | 263篇 |
1985年 | 261篇 |
1984年 | 266篇 |
1983年 | 266篇 |
1982年 | 273篇 |
1981年 | 276篇 |
1980年 | 213篇 |
1979年 | 245篇 |
1978年 | 188篇 |
1977年 | 175篇 |
1976年 | 165篇 |
1975年 | 165篇 |
1973年 | 164篇 |
1972年 | 175篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 397 毫秒
711.
The air quality management (AQM) framework in the UK is a risk management approach using effects-based objectives for air pollutants to determine the need for action. The Environment Act 1995 required a National Air Quality Strategy to be published, setting out health-based standards and objectives for eight pollutants, of which seven are to managed at a local scale. Because of the variety of sources of air pollution, if the AQM process is to succeed in the long term, solutions to identified problems will be required from transport, land use and economic planning sectors of local government in liaison with various other agencies, regulators and outside bodies. As such the task is inherently multi-disciplinary and an integrated, collaborative approach will be necessary. Although this observation is now fairly well documented, there is still little guidance relating to how, in relation to air quality management, integration can actually be accomplished. This paper presents some observations from case studies undertaken as part of a longer-term research study and in particular focuses on the identified problems of involving non-air-quality professionals in a highly technical scientific process. Various approaches to the collaborative aspects of air quality management will be presented. These case studies represent local authorities of different sizes in different political and organisational situations facing a range of air quality challenges. The creation of project teams or task forces is judged particularly useful for local air quality management. Methods that could be applied more widely include appointing individuals as integrators, and rotation of key personnel. 相似文献
712.
Ryan C. Schwartz Peter J. Deadman Daniel J. Scott Linda D. Mortsch 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(3):647-662
ABSTRACT: Recent research that couples climate change scenarios based on general circulation models (GCM) with Great Lakes hydrologic models has indicated that average water levels are projected to decline in the future. This paper outlines a methodology to assess the potential impact of declining water levels on Great Lakes waterfront communities, using the Lake Huron shoreline at Goderich, Ontario, as an example. The methodology utilizes a geographic information system (GIS) to combine topographic and bathymetric datasets. A digital elevation surface is used to model projected shoreline change for 2050 using water level scenarios. An arbitrary scenario, based on a 1 m decline from February 2001 lake levels, is also modeled. By creating a series of shoreline scenarios, a range of impact and cost scenarios are generated for the Goderich Harbor and adjacent marinas. Additional harbor and marina dredging could cost as much as CDN $7.6 million. Lake freighters may experience a 30 percent loss in vessel capacity. The methodology is used to provide initial estimates of the potential impacts of climate change that can be readily updated as more robust climate change scenarios become available and is adaptable for use in other Great Lakes coastal communities. 相似文献
713.
714.
Darren C. Treadway Wayne A. Hochwarter Charles J. Kacmar Gerald R. Ferris 《组织行为杂志》2005,26(3):229-245
The current study used Mintzberg's (1983) conceptualization of political will and political skill to evaluate the predictors and consequences of political behavior at work. As elements of political will, we hypothesized that need for achievement and intrinsic motivation would predict the use of political behavior at work. Furthermore, we argued that political skill would moderate the relationship between political behavior and emotional labor. Data gathered from employees (N = 193) representing a wide array of organizations substantiated the proposed relationships. Specifically, need for achievement and intrinsic motivation were positively associated with political behavior. In turn, those opting to employ political behavior at work experienced a higher degree of emotional labor, but this relationship was found to operate differently at low and high levels of political skill. Specifically, emotional labor was a consequence of political behavior for those low in political skill, but emotional labor reactions from political behavior were neutralized for individuals high in political skill. Implications of these results, strengths and limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
715.
Davey L. Jones John F. Farrar Kevin K. Newsham 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):169-175
Amino acids constitute one of the largest inputs of organic nitrogen (N) to most polar soils and have been hypothesized to be important in regulating vegetational succession and productivity in Arctic ecosystems. Our understanding of amino acid cycling in these soils, however, is poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the size and rate of turnover of the amino acid pool in a range of Arctic and Antarctic soils. Our results indicate that in polar soils with either high or low ornithogenic inputs the amino acid pool is small in comparison to the inorganic N pool (NO? 3 and NH+ 4). The free amino acid pool constituted only a small proportion of the total dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) pool in these soils. Here we show that these low concentrations may be due to rapid use by the soil microbial community in both Arctic and Antarctic soils. The turnover of the amino acid pool in soil was extremely rapid, with a half-life ranging from 2 to 24 h, indicating that this N pool can be turned over many hundred times each summer when polar soils are frequently unfrozen. The implications of amino acids in N cycling and plant and microbial nutrition are discussed. 相似文献
716.
P. Hill C. Marshall H. Harmens D. L. Jones J. Farrar 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):177-186
Soil respiration is a large C flux which is of primary importance in determining C sequestration. Here we ask how it is altered by atmospheric CO2 concentration and N additions. Swards of Lolium perenne L. were grown in a Eutric cambisol under controlled conditions with and without the addition of 200 kg NO? 3 ?N ha?1, at either 350 ppm or 700 ppm CO2, for 3 months. Soil respiration and net canopy photosynthesis were both increased by added N and elevated CO2, but soil respiration increased proportionately less than fixation by photosynthesis. Thus, both elevated CO2 and N appeared to increase potential C sequestration, although adding N at elevated CO2 reduced the C sequestered as a proportion of that fixed relative to elevated CO2 alone. Across all treatments below-ground respiratory C losses were predicted by root biomass, but not by soil solution C and N concentrations. Specific root-dependent respiration was increased by elevated CO2, such that below-ground respiration per unit biomass and per unit plant N was increased. 相似文献
717.
L. J. Sheppard A. Crossley I. D. Leith K. J. Hargreaves J. A. Carfrae N. van Dijk J. N. Cape D. Sleep D. Fowler J. A. Raven 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):197-205
Critical N loads for ombrotrophic bogs, which often contain rare and N-sensitive plants (especially those in lower plant groups: lichens, mosses and liverworts), are based on very few experimental data from measured, low background N deposition areas. Additionally the relative effects of reduced versus oxidised N are largely unknown. This paper describes an automated field exposure system (30 km S. of Edinburgh, Scotland) for treating ombrotrophic bog vegetation with fine droplets of oxidised N (NaNO3) and reduced N (NH4Cl). Whim Moss exists in an area of low ambient N deposition (ca. 8 kg N ha?1 y?1), the sources and quantification of which are described. The wet N treatment system is run continuously, and is controlled/activated by wind speed and rainfall to provide a unique simulation of “real worl” treatment patterns (no rain=no treatment). Simulated precipitation is supplied at ionic concentrations below 4 mM in rainwater collected on site. Treatments provide a replicated dose response to 16, 32 and 64 kg N ha?1 y?1 adjusted for ambient deposition (8 kg N ha?1 y?1). The 16 and 64 kg N ha?1 y?1 are duplicated with a P+K supplement. Baseline soil chemistry and foliar nutrient status was established for all 44 plots for Calluna vulgaris, Sphagnum capillifolium, Hypnum jutlandicum and Cladonia portentosa. 相似文献
718.
R. Skinner P. Ineson W. K. Hicks H. E. Jones D. Sleep I. D. Leith L. J. Sheppard 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):219-228
A field ammonia (NH3) release experiment and open top chambers containing moorland monoliths continuously fumigated with NH3 or sprayed with NH4Cl were used to assess the potential for using δ15N values in determining the area of influence around a point NH3 emission source. δ15N values are being increasingly used as environmental tracers and we tested the hypothesis that the δ15N signal from an NH3 emission source is observable in nearby vegetation. Using modified monitoring devices, atmospheric NH3 concentrations were found to decrease with distance from source, with δ15N values also reflecting this trend, producing a signal shift with changing concentration. Open top chamber studies of δ15N values of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull indicated a correlation with deposition treatments in current year shoots. Analysis of Calluna shoots from the NH3 release showed a similar trend of δ15N enrichment. Significant linear correlations between δ15N and percent N in plant material were found, both in the controlled conditions of the open top chambers and at the NH3 release site, illustrating the possible use of this technique in N deposition biomonitoring. 相似文献
719.
S. A. Power M. R. Ashmore A. C. Terry S. J. M. Caporn M. G. Pilkington D. B. Wilson C. G. Barker J. A. Carroll N. Cresswell E. R. Green G. W. HEIL 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):259-267
The results from three long-term field manipulation studies of the impacts of increased nitrogen deposition (0–120 kg N ha?1 yr?1) on lowland and upland heathlands in the UK were compared, to test if common responses are observed. Consistent increases in Calluna foliar N content and decreases in litter C:N ratios were found across all sites, while increases in N leaching were not observed at any site over the range 0–80 kg ha?1 yr?1. However, the response of Calluna biomass did vary between sites, possibly reflecting site differences in nutrient status and management histories. Five versions of a simulation model of heathland responses to N were developed, each reflecting different assumptions about the fate and turnover of soil N. Model outputs supported the deduction from mass balance calculations at two of the field sites that N additions have resulted in an increase in immobilisation; the latter was needed to prevent the model overestimating measured N leaching. However, this version of the model significantly underestimated Calluna biomass. Model versions, which included uptake of organic N by Callunaand re-mobilisation of N from the soil organic store provided some improvement in the fit between modelled and field biomass data, but re-mobilisation also led to an overestimation of N leaching. Quantification of these processes and their response to increased N deposition are therefore critical to interpreting experimental data and predicting the long-term impacts of atmospheric deposition on heathlands and moorlands. 相似文献
720.
S. M. Smart M. R. Ashmore M. Hornung W. A. Scott D. A. Fowler U. Dragosits D. C. Howard M. A. Sutton D. Famulari 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):269-278
Model estimates of NOy and NHx deposition across Britain for 1996 (5 km square resolution) were applied as explanatory variables to account for national-scale, fine-grained changes in plant species composition between 1990 and 1998. Plant species data were recorded from up to 27 fixed plots located within a stratified random sample of 596 1 km2. The response variable was a cover-weighted Ellenberg fertility score for each plot. Analyses were carried out separately for woodlands, semi-natural grasslands and heaths/bogs. Most of the variation in the botanical response variable occurred between plots within squares and so could not be explained by the model deposition data. NHx deposition estimates accounted for significant, but small components of between 1 km2 variation in the change in Ellenberg score in grasslands (5.6%) and heath/bogs (9.8%) but not woodlands. NOy deposition estimates were not significantly associated with vegetation change. Linear models provided the best fit and the slope of the relationship was lower for heath/bogs than grasslands. Further signal attribution at sub-kilometre square scales requires the development of fine-grained models of N deposition that can be generalised across regional sampling domains. 相似文献