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41.
Armando Garsd 《Ecological modelling》1984,23(3):191-201
Ecology, although by definition a science of relationships, evolved from an intuitive rather than a statistical foundation. Some basic ecological concepts have not been examined statistically, so many ecological models contain ambiguities as a result of imprecise interpretation of the data. Spurious correlation is one example. Spurious correlation can obscure genuine interactions between two populations, and suggest erroneous causal relationships. Statistical devices, such as partial correlations, can be used in both simple models and time series analyses to filter spurious distortions from the data. Ecologists can apply these statistical tools to help interpret associations between interacting populations. 相似文献
42.
Götz Schroth Peter Läderach Armando Isaac Martinez-Valle Christian Bunn 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(6):903-927
The production of tropical agricultural commodities, such as cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and coffee (Coffea spp.), the countries and communities engaged in it, and the industries dependent on these commodities, are vulnerable to climate change. This is especially so where a large percentage of the global supply is grown in a single geographical region. Fortunately, there is often considerable spatial heterogeneity in the vulnerability to climate change within affected regions, implying that local production losses could be compensated through intensification and expansion of production elsewhere. However, this requires that site-level actions are integrated into a regional approach to climate change adaptation. We discuss here such a regional approach for cocoa in West Africa, where 70 % of global cocoa supply originates. On the basis of a statistical model of relative climatic suitability calibrated on West African cocoa farming areas and average climate projections for the 2030s and 2050s of, respectively, 15 and 19 Global Circulation Models, we divide the region into three adaptation zones: (i) a little affected zone permitting intensification and/or expansion of cocoa farming; (ii) a moderately affected zone requiring diversification and agronomic adjustments of farming practices; and (iii) a severely affected zone with need for progressive crop change. We argue that for tropical agricultural commodities, larger-scale adaptation planning that attempts to balance production trends across countries and regions could help reduce negative impacts of climate change on regional economies and global commodity supplies, despite the institutional challenges that this integration may pose. 相似文献
43.
Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela Sandra Gmez-Arroyo Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini Stefan Waliszewski María Elena Caldern-Segura Rubn Flix-Gastlum Armando lvarez-Torres 《Environment international》2009,35(8):1155-1159
Genotoxic damage was evaluated in 70 agricultural workers, 25 women and 45 men, exposed to pesticides in Las Grullas, Ahome, Sinaloa, Mexico, with an average of 7 years of exposure. The effect was detected through the sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in lymphocytes of peripheral blood and micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear anomalies (NA) in buccal exfoliated cells. Also, the influence on cellular proliferation kinetics (CPK) was studied by means of the replication index (RI) and the cytotoxic effect was examined with the mitotic index (MI). The non-exposed group consisted of 70 other persons, 21 women and 47 men from the city of Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico. Significant differences between the exposed and the non-exposed groups were observed in SCE, CPK, MI, MN and NA. Analysis of variance revealed that age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption did not have a significant effect on genetic damage. However, there was a correlation between exposure time to pesticides and SCE frequency. These results could have been due to the exposure of workers to pesticides containing different chemical compounds. This study afforded valuable data to estimate the possible risk to health associated with pesticide exposure. 相似文献
44.
Claudio Celentano Federico Prefumo Marco Liberati Armando Tartaro Giuseppina Gallo Giuseppe Lattanzio Sigfried Rotmensch 《黑龙江环境通报》2006,26(11):1075-1077
Septal agenesis is a rare brain malformation that is characterized by partial or complete absence of the septum pellucidum, either isolated or associated with other brain anomalies. We report a case presenting with septal agenesis and normal optic chiasm and pituitary function in a fetus at 19 weeks of gestation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Sonia Rodrigues Graham Urquhart Iain Hossack Ma Eduarda Pereira Armando C. Duarte Christine Davidson Andrew Hursthouse Peter Tucker Douglas Roberston 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2009,7(2):141-148
As part of a harmonised assessment of urban soils (), we investigated the variability of metal content in soils from Aveiro (Portugal) and Glasgow (UK). Samples were collected
from parks and other public open spaces in each city. Metal content (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) and basic soil
parameters (texture, CEC, pH, organic matter) were determined and data investigated using principal component analysis (PCA).
The two cities differ in absolute levels of metal content reflecting industrial and historical development. Factors identified
by PCA included anthropogenic (Cu, Pb, Zn), soil properties and geology, which explain variability when data were assessed
based on metal content, soil properties and land use. This study highlights the contribution from geological background even
in strongly urbanised environments. 相似文献
47.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) are organic contaminants that tend to accumulate in fish. Estuaries are exposed to high anthropogenic activities, therefore tending to accumulate more contaminants than the adjacent coastal waters. Platichthys flesus, a fish with high economic value, was analysed for PCBs and HCB along its different age groups, in liver, gills, gonads and muscle. Younger fishes were caught in the estuary, whereas older fishes were caught in the adjacent coastal waters and acquired at Figueira da Foz Regional Office of Docapesca-Portos e Lotas, SA. Both contaminants concentrations follow the pattern: liver > gills > muscle. Hepatosomatic index had the lowest values in younger fishes and the highest values in older fishes. Condition factor values remain stable with age. Younger fishes had higher PCBs concentrations than the older fishes. In opposition HCB was only detected in fish from 3+ to 5+ and its concentration tended to increase with age. Overall P. flesus is considered safe for human intake. 相似文献
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49.
Santonastaso Giovanni Francesco Di Nardo Armando Creaco Enrico Musmarra Dino Greco Roberto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):33844-33853
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The positioning of quality detection points as well as the frequency of sampling is a crucial aspect for the implementation of Water Safety Plans... 相似文献
50.