大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus Pectinirostris)作为放射性核素指示物的研究

以大弹涂鱼为对象,模拟其两栖生活的环境,采用示踪法并用S-80智能多道分析器与Ge(Li)探头研究了大弹涂鱼的整体及其组织器官对~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs、~(65)Zn、~(60)Co的富集与排出.探讨了其积累量、残留量与海水中核素浓度的相关性,推荐性腺、肌肉、头部作为监测海洋中~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs、~(65)Zn、~(60)Co污染的生物指示物.     

微生物降解法处理含酚废水的研究进展

微生物降解法处理含酚废水作为一种简便、高效的处理方法具有传统方法所无法比拟的优点。文中从降酚菌的来源、苯酚的生物降解途径以及固定化微生物技术在处理含酚废水中的应用等方面介绍了微生物降解法处理含酚废水的最新研究进展,预期该领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。     

Model calculating annual mean atmospheric dispersion factor for coastal site of nuclear power plant

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基于二次铝灰的地聚反应稳固化垃圾飞灰

基于工业生产铝过程中回收的二次铝灰（SAD）的地质聚合反应,提出了一种稳固化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰（MSWIFA）的新方法,分析硅铝物质的量之比对飞灰中重金属浸出浓度及地聚物固化体力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,当硅铝物质的量之比小于2.5时,二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体与偏高岭土-SiO₂基固化体中的重金属浸出浓度均随着硅铝物质的量之比的增加而逐渐降低,2种固化体的抗压强度随着硅铝物质的量之比的增加而增加;硅铝物质的量之比达到2.5时,重金属的浸出浓度与固化体的抗压强度均趋于稳定.XRD分析结果显示,偏高岭土-SiO₂基固化体中聚合物的种类与数量均略高于二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体.但从重金属的浸出浓度与固化体的抗压强度来看,2类固化体对飞灰中重金属的稳固化效果的差别很小,二次铝灰加上部分硅基材料可以作为偏高岭土的替代品,用于稳固化飞灰重金属的地质聚合反应中.二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体的抗压强度达到13.65MPa,具备一定的力学性能,可用于部分特定的建筑材料.     

基于多目标优化与综合评价的海绵城市规划设计

海绵城市源头减排设施已被广泛应用于城市雨水径流削减与污染控制,但仍缺乏一种综合评价方法来实现其科学规划设计.本研究构建了一种基于多目标优化与综合评价相耦合的海绵城市规划设计方法,以建设成本、雨水综合径流系数、污染物综合控制率为目标函数,以源头减排设施建设规模和海绵城市径流控制指标作为边界条件,建立基于快速分类的非支配遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）的多目标优化模型;然后结合层次分析法对优化解集进行综合指标评价,得出最优化设计方案.利用该方法以研究区A为案例,构建了一套建设成本最小化、水文水质效益最大化的设计方案,并通过海绵城市建设前后的暴雨洪水管理模型（SWMM）,评估最优化方案的降雨径流控制与径流污染控制效果.研究结果表明,海绵城市建设能大幅削减雨水径流量,年径流总量控制率达70.1%;雨水峰值流量削减率超过40%,同时延后径流峰值出现时间;有效降低雨水径流污染,研究区各类污染物综合削减率均超过30%.本文提出的多目标优化与综合评价方法,能够基于特定的目标与需求,针对性提出适合区域发展的海绵建设方案,为海绵城市规划设计提供技术支持.     

污染土地置换开发前期地形图测绘技术研究

传统测绘技术进行污染土地置换开发前期地形图测绘存在精准度低,整合检查效果差的问题,提出基于空三加密技术的污染土地置换开发前期地形图测绘技术。根据地形勘测结果和土地污染现状,收集基本控制测量数据,以测量数据为基础设计技术实施流程;采用无人机进行航空摄影,获取地形航带分布情况,测量区域范围;利用空三加密测绘技术对数字测图数据进行采集、等高线提取与编辑、地形立体测绘和图像编辑,完成地形图的测绘。     

Toxicity assessment and histopathological analysis of nano-ZnO against marine fish (Mugilogobius chulae) embryos

The toxicity of nano-materials has received increasing attention in recent years.Nevertheless,relatively few studies have focused on their oceanic distributions and toxicities.In this study,we assessed nano-ZnO toxicity in marine organisms using the yellowstriped goby(Mugilogobius chulae).The relative differences in nano-ZnO dissolution and dispersal in seawater and fresh water were also investigated.The effects of nano-ZnO on embryonic development,deformity,hatching,mortality,and histopathology were analyzed.In addition,the effects of the Zn~(2+) concentration on M.chulae hatching and mortality were compared.The results showed that nano-ZnO had higher solubility in seawater than in fresh water.Nano-ZnO significantly inhibited hatching.By the fifth day of exposure,the LC_(50) of nano-ZnO was 45.40 mg/L,and the mortality rate spiked.Hatching inhibition and lethality were dose-dependent over a range of1–25 mg/L nano-ZnO.Zn~(2+) inhibited hatching and increased lethality,but its effects were weaker than those of nano-ZnO at the same concentrations.Nano-ZnO also induced spinal bending,oedema,hypoplasia,and other deformities in M.chulae embryos and larvae.Histopathology revealed vacuolar degeneration,hepatocyte and enterocyte enlargement,and morphological abnormalities of the vertebrae.Therefore,nano-ZnO caused malformations in M.chulae by affecting embryonic growth and development.We conclude that nano-ZnO toxicity in seawater was significantly positively correlated with the associated Zn~(2+) concentration and sedimentary behaviour.The toxicity of nano-ZnO was cumulative and showed a critical point,beyond which embryonic and developmental toxicity in marine fish was observed.     

How does the social context fuel the proactive fire? A multilevel review and theoretical synthesis

The role of social context (e.g., leadership, team climate, and organizational support) in shaping employee proactive behavior has received considerable attention and has been investigated across multiple forms of proactive behavior. However, the research has not been well integrated. In this review, we adopt a multilevel approach to synthesize what is known about how social context factors influence employees' proactive behavior, as well as what mechanisms underpin these effects. Our analyses show that leader‐, team‐, and organization‐related social context factors mainly influence employee proactivity through shaping “reason to,” “can do,” and “energized to” states (i.e., proactive motivational states) via individual‐, team‐, and cross‐level processes. That has been most frequently investigated is the effect of the discretionary social context, particularly leadership, on proactive behavior. We also review the interaction effects between social context factors and other factors on employee proactive behavior and found inconsistent support for the motivational‐fit perspective that stimuli with the same directions enhance each other's effect. We offer a research agenda to advance theoretical insights on this important topic.