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751.
The effects of compost prepared from waste material of banana plants on the nutrient contents of banana leaves 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Doran I Sen B Kaya Z 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2003,24(4):437-444
In this study, the possible utilization of removed shoots and plant parts of banana as compost after fruit harvest were investigated. Three doses (15-30-45 kg plan(-1)) of the compost prepared from the clone of Dwarf Cavendish banana were compared with Farmyard manure (50 kg plant(-1), Mineral fertilizers (180 g N + 150 g P + 335 g K plant(-1)) and Farmyard manure + Mineral fertilizers (25 kg FM + 180 g N + 150 g P + 335 g K plant(-1)) which determined positive effects on the nutrient contents of banana leaves. The banana plants were grown under a heated glasshouse and in a soil with physical and chemical properties suitable for banana growing. The contents of N, P, K and Mg in compost and in farmyard manure were found to be similar. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of leaves in all applications except control, and Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu contents in all applications were determined between optimum levels of reference values. There were positive correlations among some nutrient contents of leaves, growth, yield and fruit quality characteristics. Farmyard manure, Farmyard manure + Mineral fertilizers and 45 kg plant(-1) of compost increased the nutrient contents of banana leaves. According to obtained results, 45 kg plant(-1) of compost was determined more suitable in terms of economical production and organic farming than the other fertiliser types. 相似文献
752.
The US Army Engineering Research Development Center (ERDC) uses a modified form of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
(RUSLE) to estimate spatially explicit rates of soil erosion by water across military training facilities. One modification
involves the RUSLE support practice factor (P factor), which is used to account for the effect of disturbance by human activities
on erosion rates. Since disturbance from off-road military vehicular traffic moving through complex landscapes varies spatially,
a spatially explicit nonlinear regression model (disturbance model) is used to predict the distribution of P factor values
across a training facility. This research analyzes the uncertainty in this model's disturbance predictions for the Fort Hood
training facility in order to determine both the spatial distribution of prediction uncertainty and the contribution of different
error sources to that uncertainty. This analysis shows that a three-category vegetation map used by the disturbance model
was the greatest source of prediction uncertainty, especially for the map categories shrub and tree. In areas mapped as grass,
modeling error (uncertainty associated with the model parameter estimates) was the largest uncertainty source. These results
indicate that the use of a high-quality vegetation map that is periodically updated to reflect current vegetation distributions,
would produce the greatest reductions in disturbance prediction uncertainty. 相似文献
753.
M. Z. Moustafa 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(1):135-147
ABSTRACT: Anthropogenic phosphorus loading, mainly from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA), is believed to be the primary cause of eutrophication in the Everglades. The state of Florida has adopted a plan for addressing Everglades eutrophication problems by reducing anthropogenic phosphorus loads through the implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in agricultural watersheds and the construction of stormwater treatment areas (STAs). Optimizing the effectiveness of these STAs for reducing phosphorus concentrations from agricultural runoff is a critical component of the District's comprehensive Everglades protection effort. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a simple tool that can be used to estimate STAs’performance and evaluate management alternatives considered in the Everglades restoration efforts. The model was tested at two south Florida wetland sites and then was used to simulate several management alternatives and predict ecosystem responses to reduced external phosphorus (P) loadings. Good agreement between model predictions at the two wetland sites and actual observations indicated that the model can be used as a management tool to predict wetlands’response to reductions in external phosphorus load and long-term P levels in aquatic ecosystems. Model results showed that lowering P content of the Everglades Protection Area (EPA) depends on reducing P loads originating from EAA discharges, not from rainfall. Assuming no action is taken (e.g., no BMPs or STAs implemented), the steady state model predicted that the average concentration within the modeled area of the marsh would reach 20 μg L?1 within five years. With an 85 percent reduction in P loading, the steady-state model predicted that Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A) P concentration will equilibrate at approximately 10 μ L?1, while elimination of all loadings is projected to further reduce marsh P to values less than 10 μg L?1. 相似文献
754.
Z. MIKDASHI 《Natural resources forum》1985,9(4):283-291
The traditional source of funds for exploration and development of petroleum resources has been privately-owned petroleum companies. However, many of these same companies have recently borrowed heavily to finance their acquisitions of other petroleum companies. This may limit the ability of those companies to finance future exploration and development efforts, particularly in developing countries. Special financial arrangements may be needed if the funds required are to be available. The form of such arrangements is discussed, and emphasis is placed on the need to reconcile the differing needs of borrowers and lenders. 相似文献
755.
藏东南地区发展烟草问题研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
种植业对藏东南地区农村经济发展有重要影响。本文就该区发展烟草种植的可行性、必要性、重要性、发展规模和战略对策等重要问题进行了较为充分的论证。旨在引起有关决策部门和学术界的重视,以促进该区农村经济的发展。 相似文献
756.
757.
The Impact of NTFP Sales on Rural Households’ Cash Income in India’s Dry Deciduous Forest 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
In recent years, researchers and policy makers have recognized that nontimber forest products (NTFPs) extracted from forests by rural people can make a significant contribution to their well-being and to the local economy. This study presents and discusses data that describe the contribution of NTFPs to cash income in the dry deciduous forests of Orissa and Jharkhand, India. In its focus on cash income, this study sheds light on how the sale of NTFPs and products that use NTFPs as inputs contribute to the rural economy. From analysis of a unique data set that was collected over the course of a year, the study finds that the contribution of NTFPs to cash income varies across ecological settings, seasons, income level, and caste. Such variation should inform where and when to apply NTFP forest access and management policies. 相似文献
758.
气候异常与中国小麦白粉病灾害流行关系的研究 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:16
分析了厄尔尼诺事件与我国冬小麦白粉病发病面积的相关关系。结果表明:在厄尔尼诺出现的起始年,冬小麦白粉病发病面积相对较小;在厄尔诺起始年至下一个厄尔诺起始年前的前一年,冬小麦白粉病发病面积趋势逐年增大,并在下一个厄尔尼诺起始年前一年达到最大值;在连续出现厄尔尼诺的年份,冬小麦白粉病发生面积逐年降低。厄尔尼诺事件通过引发主要麦区的诱水、温度异常来影响小麦白粉病的流行程度。造成厄尔尼诺年我国小麦白粉病发病面向相对较低的原因,与厄尔尼诺起始年前的冬半年寒潮活动加强造成冬小麦冻害严重,大大降低了小麦白粉菌的越冬基数及春季干旱不利于小麦白粉菌的侵染有关。 相似文献
759.
760.
The Ecological and Environmental Characteristics and Conservation of the Wetlands in the Changjiang Estuary, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The natural wetlands in the Changjiang Estuary, China are important ecologically. The total area of the wetlands in the Changjiang Estuary amounts to 215000 ha. The wetlands consist of littoral and sandy estuarine island areas, and are rich in biological resources. There are 136 species of vascular plant, 150 species of bird, and 68 species of benthic macro-invertebrate in the wetlands. However, the wetland in the Changjiang Estuary is a vulnerable ecosystem. Development of the wetland is mainly influenced by intensive human reclamation, pollution, movement of sediments in the Changjiang River, and the effects of tides and waves. Investigations have shown that maintaining biodiversity, providing resources for the living organisms, purifying environments and resisting natural hazards could be regarded as important functions for the protection of the wetlands. It is proposed that sustainable principles should be supported in developing the wetlands in the future. 相似文献