Environmental activisms of firm’s neighboring residents: an empirical study in China

This paper develops an analytical framework based on the reasoned action theory and discusses the environmental activism (EA) of residents living close to the polluting companies. The data was collected by a questionnaire survey conducted in August of 2009 in Suzhou city of Jiangsu Province, China, which successfully obtained a total of 343 valid responses. The survey suggests that the residents are reluctant to act against their neighboring polluters. Nearly 10% respondents have never taken any action against the polluters, and the occasional EA participators account for 66.2% of the total. The items of EA, which require the residents to directly communicate with the governments or polluters, achieve very low ratios of participations (with a range of 5–25%). The path analysis confirms that there are large influences of certain attitudinal components on EA involvement. Understanding of corporate environmental information significantly determines the resident’s intention of EA practices. The residents have an obvious tendency to act collectively against the polluters. An essential message of this study is that the strategy of corporate environmental information disclosure may effectively increase the resident’s readiness of EA participation. The government shall responsively support the residents’ EA efforts since successful environmental protests will greatly convince them to jointly act against their neighboring polluters.     

布鲁姆过滤器算法在P2P系统中的应用

布鲁姆过滤器算法是一类空间效率和时间效率均较高的查询算法,被广泛地应用于各类分布式数据库及分布式网络系统中,如P2P系统.文中分析了P2P技术在互联网中的应用实例,总结了布鲁姆过滤器算法在P2P系统中的主要应用,如数据同步、资源路由、关键字检索等.     

铁屑法脱色效率与染料结构的关系

33种水溶性染料溶液的铁屑法脱色试验结果表明,所有染料在10min内脱色率达到55%以上,其中33%的染料脱色率超过90%,61%的染料脱色率超过80%.初步探讨了染料结构与其铁屑法脱色效率之间的定性关系.结果表明,铁屑法脱色效率与染料结构之间有较密切关系,染料共轭链的长短、染料分子空间位阻的大小、是否有互变异构现象、偶氮双键中的氮原子是否与临近基团形成氢键以及取代基的电负性大小等对脱色效果有影响.     

给水工业的特性及其可持续发展

给水工业是关系到社会生产和人民生活的基础性行业。长期以来,给水工业在平衡自身经济效益与社会用水效益过程中,一直以满足于后者的要求为主导,造成了我国当前给水工业发展中的举步维艰。本文以可持续发展的思想为基础,提出了保证给水工业可持续发展的基本原则,并分析了给水工业的特性及世界范围内的市场化趋势的原因。这些研究为制定我国水工业发展的政策和管理体系提供了理论基础。     

A factor analysis of residents’ performance in municipal solid waste source-separated collection: A case study of pilot cities in China

To explore the potential effectiveness of a localized waste recycling system in Chinese cities, several rounds of a municipal solid waste source-separated collection (MSWSC) program were implemented throughout China from 2000 to 2017. In our study, to evaluate the achievements of the MSWSC program, a structured questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were conducted in eight representative cities from the MSWSC pilot cities. Influencing factors were examined via a Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) on both the individual level and the city level. The differences in MSWSC performance among the eight research cities were investigated through a comparative analysis. The results suggested that gender, age, knowledge of MSWSC, satisfaction with sanitation and satisfaction with publicity had significant impacts on MSWSC, and we further found that the city-level factors influenced the relationship between MSWSC performance and the individual-level variables. Differences among the eight research sites indicated that Nanjing and Hangzhou exhibited relatively high achievements in the implementation of MSWSC program, while Yichun and Guiyang showed poor performance. The experiences of these advanced pilot cities suggest that specific containers for designated waste types, widespread public education, and sufficient MSWSC incentives must be provided and publicized to promote municipal solid waste recycling behaviors. Given the unique status of municipal solid waste management in China and its regional heterogeneity, the MSWSC system should be further discussed with regard to local conditions in a wider range of city settings.

Implications: This study attempts to discuss the factors affecting performance on municipal solid waste source-separated collection (MSWSC) by considering the nested data of two levels of individual and city from a structured questionnaire survey. Therefore, a Hierarchical Linear Model is established which can analyze the intra-group and inter-group effects of two-level variables. The proposed method can be expanded to other cities to determine the main factors affecting MSWSC or to evaluate the residents’ performance on MSWSC.     

Treatment of the textile wastewater by combined electrocoagulation

Electrocoagulation (EC) due to some advantages over chemical coagulation is becoming a popular process to be used for wastewater treatment. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of initial addition of a chemical coagulant such as polyaluminum chloride (PAC) or alum on the COD removal efficiency of EC treatment of textile wastewaters. The two salts exhibited the same performance in chemical coagulation, but in the combined electrocoagulation (CEC), PAC was found to significantly enhance the COD removal rate and efficiency, depending on the amount of the total aluminum supplied, by initial addition and electrochemical generation. A comparative operating cost analysis was also given and it was found that with the same operating cost per mass of COD removed, CEC performance was 80%, in contrast to 23% with EC, in 5 min of operation.     

基于重庆本地碳成分谱的PM2.5碳组分来源分析

为了解重庆主城PM2.5中碳组分特征和来源,2012-05-02~2012-05-10日在商业区、工业区和居民区进行了PM2.5采样.利用TOR方法分析了8种碳组分,对3个不同功能区大气环境PM2.5以及燃煤尘、尾气尘(机动车尾气、船舶尾气、施工机械尾气)、生物质燃烧尘、餐饮油烟尘这6类源PM2.5中的8种碳组分进行了特征分析.在源的碳成分谱基础上,利用化学质量平衡(CMB)模型得到重庆本地PM2.5的碳来源指示组分,利用因子分析法解析出各类源对不同功能区内PM2.5碳组分的贡献率.结果表明,重庆地区燃煤尘、机动车尾气尘、船舶尾气尘、施工机械尾气尘、生物质燃烧尘、餐饮油烟尘的OC/EC值分别为6.3、3.0、1.9、1.4、12.7和31.3.EC2、EC3的高载荷指示柴油车尾气排放,OC2、OC3、OC4、OPC的高载荷指示燃煤排放,OC1、OC2、OC3、OC4、EC1指示汽油车尾气排放,OC3指示餐饮业排放,OPC指示生物质燃烧排放.商业区OC/PM2.5为17.4%,EC/PM2.5为6.9%,估算得到,二次有机碳(SOC)/OC为40.0%;工业区OC/PM2.5为15.5%,EC/PM2.5为6.6%,SOC/OC为37.4%;居民区OC/PM2.5为14.6%,EC/PM2.5为5.6%,SOC/OC为42.8%.工业区PM2.5中碳组分的主要来源为燃煤和汽油车尾气、柴油车尾气;商业区PM2.5中碳组分的主要来源为汽油车尾气、柴油车尾气和餐饮业油烟;居住区PM2.5中碳组分的主要来源为汽油车尾气、餐饮业油烟、柴油车尾气.     

华山地区PM2.5中无机离子垂直分布特征

2016年夏季在华山山腰及山脚设两个采样点（垂直高程相差约700 m）,运用大流量采样器进行每4 h 1次PM_2.5样品采集,对其无机离子进行分析,探讨其浓度、组成、垂直变化、日变化及酸度的特征.结果表明：采样期间,华山山腰及山脚的PM_2.5分别为：（46.9±38.2）μg·m^-3和（76.0±44.3）μg·m^-3,PM_2.5中无机离子分别为：（16.6±15.7）μg·m^-3和（24.0±15.0）μg·m^-3.两个点位无机离子浓度依次为：SO₄^2- > NO₃^- > NH₄⁺ > Ca²⁺.SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺为主要组分,占华山山腰及山脚大气PM_2.5总离子质量浓度的89%和85%.线性回归分析显示：PM_2.5中的NH₄⁺在华山山腰主要以（NH₄）₂SO₄和NH₄NO₃的形式存在,而在华山山脚主要以NH₄HSO₄和NH₄NO₃的形式存在.华山山腰和山脚PM_2.5及其离子呈现出不同的日变化特征：山腰在12：00~16：00出现峰值,主要是因为边界层抬升和山谷风输送地表污染物的缘故;山脚则分别在白天08：00~12：00和夜晚00：00~04：00出现双峰值,这主要是由于早高峰交通排放增加和夜间大型载货卡车流量增大所致.利用阴阳离子当量平衡法及ISORROPIA Ⅱ模型进一步探讨了PM_2.5酸度特征,结果表明：华山山脚PM_2.5的酸度（pH=2.9±2.0）强于山腰（pH=3.2±2.3）.     

北京自备井水源内毒素污染及与其他水质参数的相关分析

本研究采集驻京部队14个自备井水源样品,采用动态浊度东方鲎试验定量检测内毒素活性,同时检测了细菌总数(流式细胞术法)、异养菌平板计数(HPC)、菌落总数(平板法)、总大肠菌群、颗粒物特征、浊度、溶解性有机碳(DOC)和UV254值,比较了内毒素与这些水质参数的相关性.结果表明自备井水源的总内毒素活性为0.15~13.20 EU·m L~(-1),其中游离态内毒素活性为0.10~5.29 EU·m L~(~(-1)),结合态内毒素活性为0.01~8.60 EU·m L~(-1).对于内毒素污染较严重的自备井水源来说,结合态内毒素所占比例明显高于游离态内毒素.总内毒素与其他水质参数关联顺序为细菌总数(流式细胞术法)(r=0.88)HPC(r=0.79)DOC(r=0.77)UV254(r=0.57)总大肠菌群(r=0.50)菌落总数-平板法(r=0.49)=浊度(r=0.49)颗粒物总数(r=0.41).结合态内毒素与其他水质参数关联顺序为细菌总数-流式细胞术法(r=0.81)HPC(r=0.66)总大肠菌群(r=0.65)浊度(r=0.62)颗粒物总数(r=0.58)菌落总数(平板法)(r=0.22).游离态内毒素与水中DOC、UV254的相关系数r分别为0.58和0.26,结果表明游离态内毒素与水中DOC的相关性较大,与UV254相关性很小.