基于烟道喷射蒸发的脱硫废水处理数值模拟研究

针对脱硫废水在烟道内的喷射过程,通过计算流体动力学（CFD）进行数值模拟,研究了烟气性质与操作参数对废水蒸发过程的影响.结果表明：随着烟气温度的升高,液滴蒸发时间逐渐降低,完全蒸干距离缩短;当烟气流速增加,蒸发时间逐渐减小,但完全蒸干距离先减少后增加,流速为5m/s时,废水液滴的完全蒸干距离最近;随着液滴粒径的增加,液滴的完全蒸发时间明显变长,流场内相对低温区域范围扩大;当喷射速度由20m/s升高至60m/s过程中蒸发时间由约0.21s下降至0.16s,但随烟气流速增加,其减少蒸发时间的作用减弱.该模拟结果可以为废水烟道喷射技术的相关工程应用提供优化设计方案和运行指导.     

企业碳中和行动的驱动力与模式

碳中和已成为我国气候治理和可持续发展的重要目标。尽管碳中和是国家面向2060年的长期愿景,尚未转换成针对企业的政策约束,但全球很多企业已经快速响应,主动制定自身的碳中和战略。本文从企业环境行为的驱动理论出发,分析了企业做出碳中和承诺的内部和外部驱动因素,论证了企业"化被动为主动"、自主实行碳中和战略,不但有助于在未来更加严格的气候政策规制中获得先机、赢得行业竞争优势、拓宽绿色市场份额、规避可能的经济风险,而且具有体现企业社会责任感、树立良好品牌形象、提升企业创新能力和核心竞争力等积极作用。在此基础上,梳理了能源密集型、资源密集型和高新技术企业的碳中和战略及模式,总结分析了国内企业实现碳中和承诺的机遇和挑战,为国内企业制定零碳发展战略、实现碳中和目标提出了路径建议。     

Monitoring atmospheric nitrous oxide background concentrations at Zhongshan Station, east Antarctica

At present,continuous observation data for atmospheric nitrous oxide(N_2O) concentrations are still lacking,especially in east Antarctica.In this paper,nitrous oxide background concentrations were measured at Zhongshan Station(69°22′25″S,76°22′14″E),east Antarctica during the period of 2008–2012,and their interannual and seasonal characteristics were analyzed and discussed.The mean N_2O concentration was 321.9 n L/L with the range of 320.5–324.8 n L/L during the five years,and it has been increasing at a rate of 0.29% year-1.Atmospheric N_2O concentrations showed a strong seasonal fluctuation during these five years.The concentrations appeared to follow a downtrend from spring to autumn,and then increased in winter.Generally the highest concentrations occurred in spring.This trend was very similar to that observed at other global observation sites.The overall N_2O concentration at the selected global sites showed an increasing annual trend,and the mean N_2O concentration in the Northern Hemisphere was slightly higher than that in the Southern Hemisphere.Our result could be representative of atmospheric N_2O background levels at the global scale.This study provided valuable data for atmospheric N_2O concentrations in east Antarctica,which is important to study on the relationships between N2 O emissions and climate change.     

初始压力对连通容器甲烷-空气混合物泄爆压力的影响

建立球形容器与管道、2个球形容器与管道组成的2种形式的连通容器试验装置,研究初始压力对连通容器甲烷-空气混合物泄爆压力的影响。结果表明:连通容器内泄爆超压随初始压力增加而增大,并与初始压力近似成线性关系;对于2个球形容器与管道组成的连通容器,起爆容器的泄爆超压始终小于传爆容器;泄爆方式和点火方式对连通容器泄爆超压有较大影响,大容器点火时,2个容器的泄爆压力差随初始压力增加而增大,但小容器点火时,2个容器的泄爆压力差随初始压力的增加变化较小;初始压力对不同结构和尺寸的连通容器的泄爆压力的影响不同,当令初始压力对大容器点火时,小容器内泄爆压力受影响最大,而当对单球形容器与管道组成的连通容器的小容器点火时,小容器内泄爆压力受影响最小。     

Eco-environment contribution of agroforestry to agriculture development in the plain area of China—Huai''''an Prefecture, Jiangsu Province as the case study area

IntroductionSincethe 195 0s ,manyforestshavebeenplantedintheplainareasofChinafortheimprovementoftheenvironmentalqualityandensuringthesupplyofwoodandnon timberforestproducts.Forestrydevelopmenthasplayedanimportantroleinadjustingtheruraleconomicstructure ,i…     

通风对堆肥供氧的影响及堆高优化研究

通风是影响好氧堆肥过程中堆体氧气浓度的重要因素.通过设置0.01 m3/(min ·m3)(Al)、0.1 m3/(min·m3)(A2)和0.2 m3/(min·m3)(A3)三种不同通风速率进行好氧堆肥试验,考查堆体中氧气的变化情况,并利用氧气一维扩散方程进行堆体高度的优化.结果表明,鼓风停止时,处理A2、A3的氧...     

重组基因酵母法研究酞酸酯类化合物的类雌激素作用

为了检测五种酞酸酯类化合物的类雌激素活性,采用重组人雌激受体α、相关效应元件以及β-半乳糖苷酶报告基因酵母分别测定17β-雌二醇(E)2、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯(BBP)单独作用时诱导酶活并计算其EC50。通过各化合物与E2的EC50的比以及最大β-半乳糖苷酶活性来比较酞酸酯类化合物的类雌激素活性。五种酞酸酯类化合物的实验浓度范围为1.0×10-3~1.0×10-11 mol/L。结果表明,DEP(1×10-7~1×10-9 mol/L)、DBP(1×10-6~1×10-9 mol/L)、BBP(1×10-3~1×10-6 mol/L)具有明显的类雌激素活性,诱导的最大酶活分别为:1.515、0.832 2、1.669,而DMP和DOP并未检出明显的类雌激素活性。DEP、DBP、BBP与E2的EC50的比分别为8.85×10-2、2.54×10-2、8.82×10-6。说明DEP、DBP在低浓度就表现出类雌激素活性,而BBP在较高浓度才表现出类雌激素活性。     

氯霉素对大型溞的急性和慢性毒性效应研究

氯霉素是一种具有广谱杀菌作用的抗生素,曾在水产养殖中广泛使用,虽然目前已被列入我国渔药禁用清单,但在水环境中仍被大量检出。为探究氯霉素对水生生物的毒性作用,选择大型溞(Daphnia magna)作为受试生物,研究氯霉素对其急性毒性和慢性毒性效应,同时建立了氯霉素的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法,通过实测浓度分析确保实验过程中氯霉素浓度保持在可接受范围内。结果表明:氯霉素对大型溞的48 h半数抑制浓度(EC50)为129.5 mg·L~(-1),95%置信区间为124.4!150.9mg·L~(-1),对溞类的急性毒性为低毒;长期暴露能抑制大型溞的产溞数量,以繁殖量为毒性指标,21 d无可观察效应浓度(NOEC)为1.25 mg·L~(-1),最低可观测效应浓度(LOEC)为2.50 mg·L~(-1);各暴露组实测浓度范围在配制浓度的80%～110%,保证了实验的有效性。同时,利用实验获得的急慢性毒性数据,计算氯霉素对大型溞的急慢性毒性比(ACR),发现利用慢性毒性求得的ACR值比利用急性毒性EC10求得的ACR值更接近推荐值。研究表明氯霉素对大型溞的急性毒性低,但具有慢性毒性效应,其环境风险不容忽视。     

Finding regulation among seemingly unregulated populations: a practical framework for analyzing multivariate population time series for their interactions

The structure of ecological communities is often thought to be strongly influenced by population interactions. The interactions are often labeled as bottom-up and top-down control. Previous approaches to identify these processes often assume each population in the community is itself regulated. Therefore, each time series follows a stationary process. However, complex community structure and a lack of regulation in an individual population can result in inappropriate inferences based on traditional statistical approaches. Here, we introduce a statistical framework to analyze potentially non-stationary time series that are collectively regulated. We demonstrate the method with catch-per-unit-effort time series data of selected populations in the Gulf of Mexico. In the Gulf, we found that most of the time series data, which span 26 years, were non-stationary, thus individually unregulated. Species interaction patterns were location-dependent, but where brown shrimp interacted significantly with other species, we identified significant bottom-up forcing. On the other hand, we find almost no evidence of top-down forcing throughout the study areas.