住宅小区垃圾压缩站环境污染及防治对策

阐述了住宅小区内设置垃圾压缩站的现实意义。论述了垃圾压缩站的污水．臭气和噪声污染问题．并对压缩站产生的臭气和噪声影响作了预测分析。对压缩站的选址及其污染防治措施提出了建议。     

Effect of adding Lactobacillus plantarum and soluble carbohydrates to swine manure on odorous compounds, chemical composition and indigenous flora

Manure odor, which results in the increasing complaints and lawsuits, has increased the tension among swine producers and surrounding residents. The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and different rates of soluble carbohydrates additions to swine manure on odorous compounds, chemical compounds and indigenous flora were evaluated. Additions were calculated on dried manure weight basis. Variables monitored included ammonia （NH3）, hydrogen sulfide （H2S）, odor offensiveness, pH, ammonium nitrogen（NH4^＋-N）, volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, urease and indigenous flora. The results indicated that the combination of L. plantarum and soluble carbohydrates dramatically reduced manure pH. Lower pH resulted in the reduction of NH3 volatilization （34.6%-92.4%, P〈0.01）, the increases of H2S （P〈 0.05） and NH4^＋-N （5.3%-17.5%, P〈0.05）. In addition, L. plantarum and soluble carbohydrates additions significantly reduced odor offensiveness, those VFAs related to malodor indicators（valeric acids, 12.3%-47.7%, P〈 0.05; iso-valeric, 3.5%-23.8%） and the main microorganisms responsible for odor production, with the number of Eubacteria in swine manure reducing by 4.9%, 11.6%, 17.4%, 34.1% and 32.2% respectively.     

Eco-environment contribution of agroforestry to agriculture development in the plain area of China--Huai''an Prefecture, Jiangsu Province as the case study area

For improving the environmental quality and ensuring supply of wood and non-timber forest products, many forests have been planted in plain areas of China. Scientists have studied their benefits, almost all of the approaches were based on tixed-point data, and few was considered on the non-efficient factors and temporal scale effects. This paper studies the positive and negative benefits at a large temporal scale, and the effects of plain afforestation on stockbreeding and rural economy. The benefits of plain afforestation, correlation coefficiency of agroforestry and production factors are analyzed via stochastic frontier modeling in Huanghuaihai Plain Area of China; elastic coefficient of agroforestry, husbandry, farming, and total output of agricultural sector are calculated through adopting partial differential equation. Some conclusions can be drawn that, plain forests have an important effect on the development of plain agriculture. But shelterbelts and small-soale forests have different effect on the development of agricultural economy. Shelterbelts have negative effect on the industries, but small-soale forest has positive effect. On the whole, contribution of forest resource to value of animal husbandry and gross production value of agriculture is positive, and to the value of farming is negative.     

吹扫/捕集与气质联用技术测定水中挥发性有机物

以美国EPA524．2方法为依据，用Purge／Trap—GC／MS技术检测水源水中挥发性有机物（VOCs），通过多次实验寻求所测有机物质分离检测的最佳条件。     

柴油烃族组分对柴油机排放的影响

柴油烃族组分可影响柴油的理化特性,从而影响柴油机的燃烧过程,进而对排放产生重要影响.本研究针对烃族组分含量不同的14种柴油,开展了排放特性的试验研究,基于试验结果采用主成分分析法及回归分析法揭示影响柴油机排放性能的关键组分及作用规律,并得到了柴油机排放与关键组分的经验公式,可在一定程度上预测排放特性.分析结果表明,总芳烃是影响柴油机排放的关键组分,当其含量介于5%～17%时,可使NO_x、soot(碳烟)、CO、HC排放均处于较低水平.此外,多环芳烃对柴油机排放有重要影响,其中的苊类、苊烯类对NO_x、碳烟、CO排放的影响作用更为显著,而其他烃族组分与柴油机排放的规律性相对较差.不同工况下,柴油机排放规律有所不同,在低负荷下柴油机排放对总芳烃含量更加敏感.     

城市食物代谢的动态过程及其水-碳足迹响应——以北京市为例

食物代谢是城市物质能量代谢的基础性过程之一。论文系统分析了1978—2015年北京市城市食物代谢通量、结构和效率的动态变化过程,并核算其水-碳足迹,提出优化城市食物代谢的有效途径。结果表明： 1）2015年北京市食物代谢通量为881.4万t,比1978年增加了3.3倍,其中植物源食物增加了2.5倍,动物源食物增加了12.0倍,由此引发的水-碳足迹分别增加了6.1倍和4.4倍; 2）北京市食物代谢的通量结构和水-碳足迹结构均呈现出主食为主转向主副食替代、植物源食物为主转向动植物源食物并重的演变特征; 3）“过度饮食”特别是高比例肉类消费,不但影响了城市居民健康水平,也显著扩大了城市人均环境足迹,导致食物代谢的生态效率指标从1.27降低至0.32; 4）降低城市食物代谢的足迹影响需要优化产业链供应,倡导绿色健康消费模式。     

MEHP对胚胎期海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)的内分泌干扰效应

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）的代谢产物邻苯二甲酸单-2-乙基己酯（MEHP）对海水青鳉胚胎的内分泌干扰效应,本研究调查了海水青鳉胚胎受精后暴露于MEHP（0.01,0.1,和1 mg/L）直至胚胎发育晚期-受精后10 d（10 dpf）,采用实时定量反转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）分析MEHP对内分泌干扰标志通路雌激素受体（ER）、过氧化物增殖激活受体（PPAR）通路和芳香化酶（CYP19）基因的影响。结果显示:MEHP对海水青鳉胚胎存活和孵化没有显著影响,而各MEHP处理组显著诱导了编码雌激素受体（ERα）和PPAR受体（PPARα和PPARγ）的基因表达水平,0.01和1 mg/L MEHP显著诱导了雌激素受体（ERγ）基因表达水平。MEHP暴露显著增加卵黄蛋白原（VTG）两个亚型-VTG1、VTG2,卵壳前体蛋白（Choriogenin,Chg）两个亚型-ChgH、ChgL,芳香化酶（CYP19）-CYP19a、CYP19b的基因表达水平。然而,MEHP暴露对海水青鳉胚胎编码雄激素受体的基因雄激素受体α亚型（androgen receptor α,ARα）的表达水平无显著影响。说明MEHP可通过上调芳香化酶CYP19的表达增加雄激素向雌激素的转化,增加的雌激素通过血液循环扩散进入靶组织和细胞结合雌激素受体ERs,导致ERs的上调（ERα和ERγ）,使得雌激素受体激活、二聚化并结合大多数雌激素响应基因如VTG和Chg的雌激素响应元素（EREs）,增加雌激素响应基因VTG和Chg的表达,增加VTG和Chg的合成从而产生内分泌干扰效应。     

CE-318太阳光度计在大气环境监测中的应用

CE-318太阳光度计自动进行太阳直接辐射和天空光扫描探测,通过反演计算可获取大气气溶胶各种光学特性,在大气环境监测与研究领域发挥着重要作用。介绍了CE-318太阳光度计的仪器结构、测量工作程序和反演算法,并对2010年重庆城区大气Angstrom波长指数测量结果进行了简要分析。     

微反应器矩形微通道截面高宽比对流速的影响

利用Fluent流体计算软件对矩形微通道在质量流量为0.04～0.25g/s,雷诺数在100～1100,矩形截面高宽比在0.10～1之间的层流流动进行了数值模拟研究,其中矩形微通道采用硅为材料,水作为流动介质,得出了流量相等条件下微通道截面高宽比对流速大小的影响。     

改性粉煤灰联合高铁酸钾处理造纸废水的试验研究

利用高铁酸钾处理经过改性粉煤灰混凝后的造纸废水,探讨了改性粉煤灰和高铁酸钾联合处理造纸废水工艺;研究结果表明,在改性粉煤灰用量35g/100mL,并投加25mg/L高铁酸钾时,对造纸废水处理效果最优,上清液再用10mg/L的高铁酸钾处理,此为最佳工艺条件,出水水质达到造纸用水标准。