紫外-生物过滤联合工艺和单一生物过滤工艺中微生物代谢特性的比较

为了系统阐述紫外预处理对生物过滤塔中微生物代谢特性的影响,比较分析了紫外-生物过滤联合工艺和单一生物过滤工艺中微生物代谢特性的变化规律.研究结果表明,联合工艺和单一工艺中微生物的平均代谢活性(AWCD)分别为0.023～0.038和0.024～0.045cm-1.h-1,联合工艺中微生物平均代谢活性高于单一工艺.不同工艺中微生物对碳源的代谢特性存在显著差异:联合工艺中微生物对胺类、醇类和糖类碳源的代谢能力优于单一工艺,对酯类、氨基酸类和羧酸类碳源的代谢能力与单一工艺相当,而对于聚合物类碳源的代谢能力则弱于单一工艺.     

基于长期观测的淮河流域农田背景区灰霾污染气溶胶光学特性和类型分析

利用2015—2019年寿县国家气候观象台的CE-318型太阳光度计观测数据,比较分析了淮河流域农田背景区及其灰霾污染日、非灰霾污染日的气溶胶光学特性和类型的差异和联系.结果表明：(1)淮河流域农田背景区及其灰霾污染日、非灰霾污染日的AOD₄₄₀平均值为0.60～0.86,以细粒子气溶胶为主,气溶胶散射能力强,吸收能力弱;(2)细粒子气溶胶增加在淮河流域农田背景区灰霾污染中占主导作用,灰霾污染发生时,AOD₄₄₀平均值增大0.26,散射能力增强,吸收能力减弱,污染的气溶胶类型占比增加17.79%;(3)2015—2019年,淮河流域农田背景区及其灰霾污染日、非灰霾污染日的气溶胶光学厚度、细模态粒子体积浓度整体呈减小趋势,气溶胶散射能力逐年增强,吸收能力逐年减弱;(4)淮河流域农田背景区及其灰霾污染日,随着污染等级的增加,气溶胶光学厚度和污染的气溶胶类型占比增大,重度污染时颗粒物向大粒径方向移动,但仍为细粒子;(5)受气溶胶来源、吸湿增长和高温的影响,春夏季气溶胶光学厚度和单次散射反照率较高,秋冬季主要由雾霾污染造成,细粒子比例高,气溶胶光学厚...     

Chemical characteristics of haze particles in Xi'an during Chinese Spring Festival: Impact of fireworks burning

Fireworks burning releases massive fine particles and gaseous pollutants, significantly deteriorating air quality during Chinese Lunar New Year(LNY) period. To investigate the impact of the fireworks burning on the atmospheric aerosol chemistry, 1-hr time resolution of PM_(2.5) samples in Xi'an during the winter of 2016 including the LNY were collected and detected for inorganic ions, acidity and liquid water content(LWC) of the fine aerosols. PM_(2.5) during the LNY was 167 ± 87 μg/m~3, two times higher than the China National Ambient Air Quality Standard(75 μg/m~3). K~+(28 wt.% of the total ion mass) was the most abundant ion in the LNY period, followed by SO_4~(2-)(25 wt.%) and Cl-(18 wt.%). In contrast, NO_3~-(34 wt.%) was the most abundant species in the haze periods(hourly PM32-2.5 75 μg/m), followed by SO_4(29.2 wt.%) and NH_4~+(16.3 wt.%), while SO_4~(2-)(35 wt.%) was the most abundant species in the clean periods(hourly PM_(2.5) 75 μg/m~3), followed by NO_3~-(23.1 wt.%) and NH_4~+(11 wt.%). Being different from the acidic nature in the non-LNY periods, aerosol in the LNY period presented an alkaline nature with a pH value of 7.8 ± 1.3. LWC during the LNY period showed a robust linear correlation with K_2SO_4 and KCl, suggesting that aerosol hygroscopicity was dominated by inorganic salts derived from fireworks burning. Analysis of correlations between the ratios of NO--3/SO_4~(2-) and NH_4~+/SO_4~(2-) indicated that heterogeneous reaction of HNO_3 with NH_3 was an important formation pathway of particulate nitrate and ammonium during the LNY period.     

白腐真菌生物过滤塔处理氯苯气体的研究

以竹子为填料,构建新型的白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium生物过滤塔,考察该过滤塔在不同操作条件下对氯苯的去除性能.结果表明,白腐真菌生物过滤塔对氯苯表现出较好的去除效果,在进口浓度200～1 500 mg/m3,空塔停留时间122 s的条件下,最大去除率接近80%,平均去除率约50%.过滤塔的去除速率与进口负荷和去除率有关,在进口浓度500～1 500mg/m3,流量0.5 m3/h的条件下,最大去除速率可达94 g/(m3·h),平均去除速率为60 g/(m3·h).过滤塔去除速率对进口负荷变化的响应幅度与流量有关,在低流量条件下随进口负荷的变化率较大.过滤塔中氯苯浓度的沿程分布呈现出非线性下降的特征,造成这一现象的原因可能与过滤塔内生物量的分布情况有关.     

Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water by N-doping ZnS with Zn vacancy: enhancement mechanism of visible light response and electron flow promotion

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In order to improve the visible light response, N-doping ZnS (N-ZnS) nanospheres with Zn vacancy and porous surface were prepared by a simple one-pot...     

Impacts of national park tourism sites: a perceptual analysis from residents of three spatial levels of local communities in Banff national park

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Communities next to national parks, known as gateway communities, can benefit from national park development. Gateway communities are unique and...     

Seed priming with brassinosteroids alleviates aluminum toxicity in rice via improving antioxidant defense system and suppressing aluminum uptake

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Brassinosteroids (BRs) are growth-promoting hormones that exhibit high biological activities across various plant species. BRs shield plants against...