单甲脒农药对的毒性研究

在２０℃条件下应用换液的方法研究单甲脒农药对大型（Ｄａｐｈｎｉａｍａｇｎａ）、方形网纹（Ｃｅｒｉｏｄａｐｈｎｉａｑｕａｄｒａｎｇｕｌａ）、老年低额（Ｓｉｍｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｖｅｔｕｌｕｓ）的急性毒性和慢性毒性．结果表明，单甲脒对类的毒性中等，４８ｈＥＣ５０值在５５２—１５１４ｍｇ／Ｌ之间，老年低额比较敏感，大型耐性较强．２１ｄ繁殖实验结果获得单甲脒对老年低额的最大无影响浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）为００３２ｍｇ／Ｌ，最低有影响浓度（ＬＯＥＣ）为００６３ｍｇ／Ｌ，其最大允许浓度（ＭＡＴＣ）估计为００５ｍｇ／Ｌ，应用系数为００１．溶液ｐＨ值对单甲脒毒性有明显影响，其毒性随ｐＨ值的增加而下降     

Transabdominal chorionic villus sampling: Fetal loss rate in relation to maternal and gestational age

In this paper we report the fetal loss rate in relation to both maternal and gestational age in 1764 pregnant women who underwent transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (TA-CVS) between January 1986 and August 1990. The fetal loss rate, considered as a proportion of continuing pregnancies, decreased with advancing gestational age at sampling from 4.3 per cent before 9 weeks to 0.4 per cent at or after 13 weeks, the difference being statistically significant (p <0.025). The fetal loss rate increased from 1.6 per cent in women under 30 to 2.4 per cent in women of 40 years or over, but the difference was not statistically significant. Considering that the total fetal loss rate before 28 weeks' gestation was on average 1.91 percent (1.3 per cent under 35 years and 2.8 per cent in women of 35 or over), we believe that TA-CVS is a safe and effective technique for prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases.     

Soil quality evolution after land use change from paddy soil to vegetable land

A survey was done in 15 typical villages, 150 soil and 86 vegetable plant samples were taken in Jiaxin prefecture of the Taihu Lake region, northern Zhejian province. Results indicate that after 15-20 years land use changed from the paddy rice-wheat (or oilseed rape) double cropping system, to a continuous vegetable land has caused soil quality dramatic change. (1) Acidification: average soil pH was 5.4; about 61% of total samples were pH < 5.5. It was 0.9 units lower than 10 years ago with same upland vegetable cultivation and was 1.2 units lower than soil pH of paddy rice-wheat (or oilseed rape) rotation. (2) Fertilizer salt accumulation: the average salt content was 0.28%, among these about 36.2% of the total samples contained more than 0.3%. (3) Nitrate N and available phosphorus (P) over accumulation: on average it was 279 mg NO3-N/kg, and 45-115 mg P/kg. Nitrate N four times higher and available P 4-10 times more than it is in present paddy rice-wheat rotation soils respectively. This has caused wide concern because of possible groundwater and well drinking water pollution by leached nitrate N and the P losses to water by runoff from vegetable lands induce surface water eutrophication.     

鄂中丘陵地区农户生态系统能流分析

本文分析了鄂中丘陵地区一个典型农户生态系统的能流途径,人工辅助能的输入结构,各亚系统的能量输入、输出组成和能量流动关系,以及能量转化效率。以70个农户的样本分析研究了投能结构对能效的影响规律。结果表明,当地农户生态系统仍是一种以有机能为主要人工辅助的封闭性较强的能量转化系统;增加人工辅助能,特别是无机能的投入可以增加能量产出。     

砖红壤上木麻黄接种Frankia菌的研究

在砖红壤上未经Frankia菌接种的木麻黄苗结瘤率很低，而用高效的菌株接种后，苗木的结瘤和生长显著提高．某些菌株之间存在着协同作用．在砖红壤中施加草木灰或适量的石灰，有利于根瘤的形成，从而促进苗木的生长．但过量的石灰则产生抑制作用．     

我国土壤中苏云金芽孢杆菌的分离与基因型的鉴定

从我国20个省市采集176份土壤中分离出苏云金芽孢杆菌51株.以cry1,cry2,cry3,cry4,cry-n,cry7,cry8,cry11,cry13和cyt的引物作PCR分析.结果表明:4株含有cry4,12株含有cry7,4株含有cry8,4株含有cry1,2株同时含有cry1和cry2,27株无PCR产物.未检测到其它基因型.经电镜扫描伴胞晶体形态多种多样,主要有菱形、球形、方形、多边形和不规则形.图3表3参15     

Municipal wastewater treatment by moving-bed-biofilm reactor with diatomaceous earth as carriers.

This study was conducted to examine the feasibility of using a moving-bed-biofilm reactor with internal circulation through aeration for the treatment of municipal wastewater. The attached film was a mixed-microorganism consortium, which used composite-refined-diatomaceous earth as novel biomass carriers to form a diatomaceous-earth-moving-bed-biofilm-reactor (DEMBBR) process. The startup of laboratory-scale, continuous-flow reactor was successfully achieved without seeding activated sludge. The DEMBBR process removed chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, ammonium-nitrogen, and turbidity at the highest rate of 88.5, 83, 92.3, and 96.7%, respectively, with a hydraulic retention time of only 2.5 hours. The DEMBBR was less affected by interruption and adverse operation conditions than the conventional-activated-sludge reactor. Thus, the DEMBBR could be proposed to be a cost-effective, small-wastewater-treatment-process unit.     

活性炭多维电极法去除水中腐殖酸过程与宏观动力学研究

采用活性炭多维电极法去除水中溶解态腐殖酸。实验结果表明 ,与活性炭单纯吸附法相比 ,活性炭多维电极法可显著提高对溶解态腐殖酸的去除率 ;在连续运行条件下 ,延长水力停留时间、升高槽电压、溶液偏碱性有利于腐殖酸的去除 ;高效液相色谱分析结果表明 ,电极的氧化还原作用可使有机物分子量变小或矿化 ,因而处理系统有可能延长活性炭的使用寿命     

Photocatalysis enhancement by electric field: TiO2 thin film for degradation of dye X-3B

According to the theory of photocatalysis, the efficiency of photocatalysis decreases mostly due to the recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. An electric field across a photocatalyst can promote the separation of photo-generated electrons and holes and prevent them from recombination so as to enhance the efficiency of photocatalysis. And the synergetic decomposition efficiency of photocatalysis and an electric field is greater than that of the simple combine of their single efficiency. The performance of photocatalysis enhanced by electric field (PEEF) and operating conditions such as the direction of the electric field, the voltages between the two electrodes, the material of the electrodes, which may affect the efficiency of PEEF, were investigated in this paper. The results indicate that the system of PEEF abides the established theory of photocatalysis.     

高浓度复合型聚铁硅絮凝剂PFSS和PSFS的形态分布研究

采用紫外分光光度法、逐时络合比色法和红外图谱从不同角度对高浓度聚合硫酸铁硅和聚合硅酸铁的形态分布及转化规律进行了探讨。紫外吸收表明,聚铁硅絮凝剂中主要以Fe(OH)+2、Fe2(OH)4+2等二聚体为主,而且还有三聚体或其他聚合形态的存在;逐时络合分析显示,复合型聚铁硅体系中硅形态以Si(c)为主,铁形态以Fe(a)和Fe(c)为主;红外图谱证实高浓度聚铁硅是以羟桥为主结构连接的高分子复合物,在1100cm-1附近M—OH—M的振动证明有铁羟基及其聚合态存在,且其形态区别于PFS。