SO2污染的次生作用--促进粘虫的生长

将3龄幼虫接种在暴露于低浓度SO_2的小麦植株上自由取食12d,研究SO_2污染对粘虫生长的影响;对照组小麦用经过活性炭过滤的空气处理。结果表明,随着SO_2浓度升高,幼虫历期逐渐缩短,幼虫期的平均相对生长速率依次增大。用人工饲料进行的类似试验结果,排除了SO_2污染直接促进粘虫生长的可能性。根据对食料植物水解氨基酸含量的测定结果,可以假设在非污染条件下生长的麦叶中,蛋氨酸和精氨酸含量偏低使粘虫处于亚最适生长状态,SO_2污染增加了食料中这两种限制性氨基酸的浓度,导致幼虫转入最佳生长状态。     

原煤中多环芳烃的分离与测定

本实验以苯为溶剂对不同产地、不同品种的原煤进行了提取。提取液经柱层析分离及薄层层析和纸层析进一步纯化。利用色质联用、荧光光谱和高压液相色谱等方法对提取液中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了测定,并用标准样品验证,在原煤中检测出51种多环芳烃,其含量为0.002—44.2ppm。 本文提供了原煤中多环芳烃的本底数据并试图探索不同煤种与多环芳烃含量的相关性。     

铬在土壤和地下水中的相互迁移规律及地下水中铬的去除方法

本文以泰安市一处多年前受电镀铬严重污染地区为研究对象,对比研究六价铬在不同岩土中吸附、转化及迁移的特征和规律,铬易在水土共存的含水层中富集,并可转移到地下水中.土壤中三价铬可引起潜在的危害.水体中六价铬在富氧的情况下是稳定的,并能维持一个较长的时期.铁盐是一种较好的除铬剂,可以有效地去除水中六价铬离子,从而提高了地下水的利用价值.     

国内石油化工行业节水减排综评

分析当前国内石油化工行业新鲜水消耗和废水排放的现状，强调加快污水回用进程、提高水资源综合利用水平的必要性和紧迫性。介绍国内外石油化工行业节水理论，并在分析国内石油化工行业实施节水减排存在困难的基础上，提出节水减排的具体措施。     

大学校园的生态足迹探究

生态足迹分析法是评价绿色校园建设水平较好的指标之一,能定量揭示学校的生态状况,本文结合黑龙江科技学院的校园状况,简要介绍生态足迹成分法的原理和计算分析方法.研究结果表明,黑龙江科技学院2005年总生态足迹为18410.53 hm2,即需要18410.53 hm2生态生产性土地来支持学校的各类消费以及吸纳废弃物;人均生态足迹为0.94 hm2/人,与全国人均生态足迹1.5 hm2相比较,学校的生态状况比较乐观.     

西安城市交通干道汽车污染物排放因子

在西安城市交通隧道内设３ 个空气监测点，对通过隧道的汽车排气形成的污染物浓度、隧道内风速、过往隧道的交通量进行采样、观测和统计。根据实测数据用大气扩散方程求得西安城市道路汽车平均单车 Ｃ Ｏ、 Ｈ Ｃ 和 Ｎ Ｏｘ 排放因子分别为３３２７９ ±１２１５８ 、３５７７ ±１８１６ 和４６０５ ±１９８１ ｍｇ／ｍ·ｖｅｈ 。与国外的成果相比，中国城市道路汽车 Ｃ Ｏ 和 Ｈ Ｃ 排放因子分别是国外发达国家汽车排放因子的２ ～９ 倍和３ ～９ 倍，而中国城市汽车 Ｎ Ｏｘ 排放因子约为发达国家汽车排放因子的二分之一。     

Optimized photocatalytic regeneration of adsorption-photocatalysis bifunctional composite saturated with Methyl Orange

Photo-responsive adsorption-photocatalysis nanocomposites are generally used in water and wastewater decontamination; however, the prolonged adsorption capacity of composites and the role of adsorption in concomitant photocatalysis are typically neglected. These composites can be regenerated under light irradiation as their adsorption capacity decreases. Herein, a novel adsorption-photocatalysis bifunctional nanocomposite, Bi-doped TiO₂ supported on powdered activated carbon (Bi₂O₃/TiO₂/PAC), was prepared using the sol-impregnation-hydrothermal procedure. Bi₂O₃/TiO₂/PAC with a secondary calcination temperature of 700°C under a nitrogen atmosphere was selected for maximum adsorption capacity on Methyl Orange (MO). The composite displayed an excellent adsorption capacity and was easily separated and recycled. The results demonstrate that 71.2% photocatalytic regeneration efficiency could be attained under visible light irradiation for 1 hr at an intensity of 750?W/m² and pH 7. Characterization of the as-prepared Bi₂O₃/TiO₂/PAC nanocomposite (700°C) indicates that it possesses a highly specific surface area and great optical properties, showing bifunctional adsorption-photocatalysis characteristics. The p-n heterojunction of the composite played a dominant role in the photocatalytic regeneration process, and effective degradation of MO could be achieved along with composite regeneration.     

Catalytic ozonation treatment of papermaking wastewater by Ag-doped NiFe2O4: Performance and mechanism

The catalytic ozonation treatment of secondary biochemical effluent for papermaking wastewater by Ag-doped nickel ferrite was investigated. Ag-doped catalysts prepared by sol-gel method were characterized, illustrating that Ag entirely entered the crystalline of NiFe₂O₄ and changed the surface properties. The addition of catalyst enhanced the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, ultraviolet light absorbance at 254 nm and three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix suggested that aromatic compounds were efficiently degraded and toxic substances, such as dibutyl phthalate. In addition, the radical scavenging experiments confirmed the hydroxyl radicals acted as the main reactive oxygen species and the surface properties of catalysts played an important role in the reaction. Overall, this work validated potential applications of Ag-doped NiFe₂O₄ catalyzed ozonation process of biologically recalcitrant wastewater.     

Adsorption mechanisms of PFOA onto activated carbon anchored with quaternary ammonium/epoxide-forming compounds: A combination of experiment and model studies

When wood-based activated carbon was tailored with quaternary ammonium/epoxide (QAE) forming compounds (QAE-AC), this tailoring dramatically improved the carbon's effectiveness for removing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from groundwater. With favorable tailoring, QAE-AC removed PFOA from groundwater for 118,000 bed volumes before half-breakthrough in rapid small scale column tests, while the influent PFOA concentration was 200 ng/L. The tailoring involved pre-dosing QAE at an array of proportions onto this carbon, and then monitoring bed life for PFOA removal. When pre-dosing with 1 mL QAE, this PFOA bed life reached an interim peak, whereas bed life was less following 3 mL QAE pre-dosing, then PFOA bed life exhibited a steady rise for yet subsequently higher QAE pre-dosing levels. Large-scale atomistic modelling was used herein to provide new insight into the mechanism of PFOA removal by QAE-AC. Based on experimental results and modelling, the authors perceived that the QAE's epoxide functionalities cross-linked with phenolics that were present along the activated carbon's graphene edge sites, in a manner that created mesopores within macroporous regions or created micropores within mesopores regions. Also, the QAE could react with hydroxyls outside of these pore, including the hydroxyls of both graphene edge sites and other QAE molecules. This latter reaction formed new pore-like structures that were external to the activated carbon grains. Adsorption of PFOA could occur via either charge balance between negatively charged PFOA with positively charged QAE, or by van der Waals forces between PFOA's fluoro-carbon tail and the graphene or QAE carbon surfaces.     

唐山市柴油货车活动水平研究

利用2043台柴油货车的车载诊断系统监测数据和3套道路遥感监测数据分析唐山市柴油货车活动水平特征,并评估春节和不同管控措施对市内柴油货车活动水平的影响.结果表明：唐山市轻、中和重型柴油货车日均启动4.7、4.3和10.8次·d^-1,年均行驶里程分别为（5.2±3.6）×10⁴、（6.3±4.2）×10⁴和（8.9±4.5）×10⁴ km·a^-1,百公里油耗分别为（14.9±2.7）、（16.5±1.8）和（57.3±24.2）L·100 km^-1.柴油货车主要在唐山市内的非中心区域行驶.春节期间监测车辆在唐山市的行驶里程明显下降,遥感监测本地柴油货车流量下降82.0%.重污染预警期间,非中心区域重型柴油货车的管控措施效果较好,中心城区柴油货车日均行驶里程和行驶车辆数,以及港区柴油货车流量均出现不降反升,建议完善重污染期间中心城区的柴油货车管控措施,以及适度加强港区柴油货车管控.