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71.
Aline S. Turque Alexander M. Cardoso Cynthia B. Silveira Ricardo P. Vieira Flávia A. D. Freitas Rodolpho M. Albano Alessandra M. Gonzalez Rodolfo Paranhos Guilherme Muricy Orlando B. Martins 《Marine Biology》2008,155(2):135-146
In this study we performed a survey of the bacterial communities associated with the Western Atlantic demosponges Hymeniacidon heliophila and Polymastia janeirensis, based on 16S rRNA sequencing and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We compared diversity and composition of the sponge-associated
bacteria to those of environmental bacteria, represented by free-living bacterioplankton and by bacteria attached to organic
particulate matter in superficial sediments. Partial bacterial 16S rRNA sequences from seawater, sediment, and sponges were
retrieved by PCR, cloning, and sequencing. Sequences were subjected to rarefaction analyses, phylogenetic tree construction,
and LIBSHUFF quantitative statistics to verify coverage and similarity between libraries. Community structure of the free-living
bacterioplankton was phylogenetically different from that of the sponge-associated bacterial assemblages. On the other hand,
some sediment-attached bacteria were also found in the sponge bacterial community, indicating that sponges may incorporate
bacteria together with sediment particles. Rare and few prokaryotic morphotypes were found in TEM analyses of sponge mesohyl
matrix of both species. Molecular data indicate that bacterial richness and diversity decreases from bacterioplankton, to
particulate organic sediment, and to H. heliophila and P. janeirensis. Sponges from Rio de Janeiro harbor a pool of novel and exclusive sponge-associated bacterial taxa. Sponge-associated bacterial
communities are composed of both taxons shared by many sponge groups and by species-specific bacteria. 相似文献
72.
Vanessa de Jesus Gaffney Vitor Vale Cardoso Eugénia Cardoso Ana Paula Teixeira José Martins Maria João Benoliel Cristina Maria Martins Almeida 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):14717-14734
Wastewater treatments can eliminate or remove a substantial amount of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs), but there may still be significant concentrations of them in effluents discharged into surface water bodies. Beirolas wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is located in the Lisbon area and makes its effluent discharges into Tagus estuary (Portugal). The main objective of this study is to quantify a group of 32 PhACs in the different treatments used in this WWTP. Twelve sampling campaigns of wastewater belonging to the different treatments were made in 2013–2014 in order to study their removal efficiency. The wastewaters were analysed by solid phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass detection (UPLC–MS/MS). The anti-diabetics were the most frequently found in wastewater influent (WWI) and wastewater effluent (WWE) (208 and 1.7 μg/L, respectively), followed by analgesics/antipyretics (135 μg/L and < LOQ, respectively), psychostimulants (113 and 0.49 μg/L, respectively), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (33 and 2.6 μg/L, respectively), antibiotics (5.2 and 1.8 μg/L, respectively), antilipidemics (1.6 and 0.24 μg/L, respectively), anticonvulsants (1.5 and 0.63 μg/L, respectively) and beta blockers (1.3 and 0.51 μg/L, respectively). A snapshot of the ability of each treatment step to remove these target PhACs is provided, and it was found that global efficiency is strongly dependent on the efficiency of secondary treatment. Seasonal occurrence and removal efficiency was also monitored, and they did not show a significant seasonal trend. 相似文献
73.
Allen AG Machado CM Cardoso AA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1190-1197
Increased reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition due to expansion of agro-industry was investigated considering emission sources, atmospheric transport and chemical reactions. Measurements of the main inorganic nitrogen species (NO2, NH3, HNO3, and aerosol nitrate and ammonium) were made over a period of one year at six sites distributed across an area of ∼130,000 km2 in southeast Brazil. Oxidized species were estimated to account for ∼90% of dry deposited Nr, due to the region’s large emissions of nitrogen oxides from biomass burning and road transport. NO2-N was important closer to urban areas, however overall HNO3-N represented the largest component of dry deposited Nr. A simple mathematical modeling procedure was developed to enable estimates of total Nr dry deposition to be made from knowledge of NO2 concentrations. The technique, whose accuracy here ranged from <1% to 29%, provides a useful new tool for the mapping of reactive nitrogen deposition. 相似文献
74.
Sandro Froehner Marcell Maceno Erissen Cardoso Da Luz Daniele Botelho Souza Karina Scurupa Machado 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,168(1-4):205-213
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in samples of marine sediments from Paranagua Bay on the southern coast of Brazil was investigated. Paranagua Bay is the location of a major port, one of the busiest in Brazil. The region has a great potential for tourism and port-related industries and activities. Due to its characteristics as a venue for tourism, two major campaigns were planned: one 3 months before the summer (between December and February) and a second after the vacation season. Total concentration of PAHs in sediments ranged from 26.33 to 406.76 ng/g (in both campaigns). The highest values were found in sediments with higher organic carbon content. We found no substantial differences between the two campaigns, and the values are quite similar. Ternary diagrams show that points P5 and P6 were considered polluted, while others were classified as non-polluted. Molecular ratios indicate that the main sources of PAHs are petrogenic and the burning of fossil fuels. Sediment toxicity was assessed by the presence of PAHs in terms of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) concentration. The toxicity of PAHs mixtures can be characterized more accurately by developing and establishing toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PAHs. Considering TEFs, the BaPeq concentrations vary between 0.264 and 5.922 ng/g (considering both campaigns). Thus, two points are above the maximum level recommended (3 ng/g) by the Netherlands sediment quality guidelines. In fact, sites P5 and P6 apparently are exposed to a greater number of pollution sources, thus reflecting the higher concentration of PAHs compounds in sediments. 相似文献
75.
Cardoso AJ Levine AD Rhea LR 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(1):19-26
Disposal practices for bottom ash and fly ash from waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities include emplacement in ash monofills or co-disposal with municipal solid waste (MSW) and residues from water and wastewater treatment facilities. In some cases, WTE residues are used as daily cover in landfills that receive MSW. A recurring problem in many landfills is the development of calcium-based precipitates in leachate collection systems. Although MSW contains varying levels of calcium, WTE residues and treatment plant sludges have the potential to contribute concentrated sources of leachable minerals into landfill leachates. This study was conducted to evaluate the leachability of calcium and other minerals from residues generated by WTE combustion using residues obtained from three WTE facilities in Florida (two mass-burn and one refuse-derived fuel). Leaching potential was quantified as a function of contact time and liquid-to-solid ratios with batch tests and longer-term leaching tests using laboratory lysimeters to simulate an ash monofill containing fly ash and bottom ash. The leachate generated as a result of these tests had total dissolved solid (TDS) levels ranging from 5 to 320 mg TDS/g ash. Calcium was a major contributor to the TDS values, contributing from 20 to 105 g calcium/kg ash. Fly ash was a major contributor of leachable calcium. Precipitate formation in leachates from WTE combustion residues could be induced by adding mineral acids or through gas dissolution (carbon dioxide or air). Stabilization of residual calcium in fly ashes that are landfilled and/or the use of less leachable neutralization reagents during processing of acidic gases from WTE facilities could help to decrease the calcium levels in leachates and help to prevent precipitate formation in leachate collection systems. 相似文献
76.
Daniela Meyer Fernandes Cynthia Fraga Scofield Arnaldo Alcover Neto Mauri Jos Baldini Cardoso Fatima Maria Zanon Zotin 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2009,87(5):315-322
Automotive catalyst deactivation can be promoted by thermal and poisoning mechanisms. Catalyst efficiency is reduced by thermal degradation resulting in the agglomeration of precious metals and the reduction of the washcoat surface area. In this paper, the temperature influence on the commercial Pd/Rh-based automotive catalyst performance was studied. Textural and physicochemical characterisation techniques were employed, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX). The catalysts were evaluated for CO and propane oxidation with a stoichiometric gas mixture similar to engine exhaust gas. The results indicated the transformation of alumina into high temperature phases and the formation of new mixed oxide phases. Evidence of sintered particles and several spots of palladium agglomerates was seen by SEM–EDX analysis. The activity results showed the effects of thermal deactivation on the conversion of the pollutants. In spite of exposure to extreme temperature conditions (72 h at 1200 °C), significant activity was still observed for carbon monoxide and propane oxidation reactions. 相似文献
77.
78.
79.
Meninno Sabrina Canelas Ricardo Birjukovs Cardoso António Heleno 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2020,20(3):619-634
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - The performance of a rake for large wood retention has been analysed in clean water and for the case of a slit check dam. An experimental investigation was conducted... 相似文献
80.
Michelle Cardoso Fred Fulton Colin McKinnon Jack P. Callaghan Michel J. Johnson 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2019,25(3):331-343
A postural evaluation of commercial licensed truck drivers was conducted to determine the ergonomic benefits of a truck seat prototype in comparison with an industry standard seat. Twenty commercially licensed truck drivers were recruited to perform a 90-min driving task. Postures were assessed using accelerometers and a backrest and seat pan pressure mapping system. Subjective discomfort measurements were monitored using two questionnaires: ratings of perceived discomfort (RPD) and the automotive seating discomfort questionnaire (ASDQ). Participants reported significantly higher discomfort scores when sitting in the industry standard seat. Participants sat with more lumbar lordosis and assumed a more extended thoracic posture when seated in the prototype. Pairing the gluteal backrest panel with the adjustable seat pan also helped reduce the average sitting pressure on both the seat pan and the backrest. The prototype provided several postural benefits for commercially certified truck drivers, as it did for a young and healthy population. 相似文献