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K D Knape J B Carey S C Ricke 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2001,36(2):219-227
The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an iodine based disinfectant (IBD, Iocide, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, TX) on Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium inoculated on egg shell surfaces under simulated industry egg processing conditions with a commercial egg washer used as the sanitizer delivery system. Re-circulated egg washer water containing 1.40-2.85 g/l total dissolved solids was obtained from a commercial egg processing. Sanitizing treatments consisted of distilled deionized water (DDW), IBD, and chlorine (CL; 200 ppm). All treatments (DDW, IBD and CL) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased Salmonella spp. populations on the shell compared to dry (no spray) egg controls. However, efficacy of egg sanitizers appeared to be dependent on the level of total dissolved solids in the egg wash water. 相似文献
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Jiajun Liu Long Wang Yun Zhu Che-Jen Lin Carey Jang Shuxiao Wang Jia Xing Bin Yu Hui Xu Yuzhou Pan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):2
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Depth and depth-related processes appear to exert primary control over the distributional patterns of species of polychaetous annelids in the western Beaufort Sea (Cape Halkett to Barter Island, Alaska). Species richness and total polychaete abundance are maximal along the outer continental shelf and upper continental slope. Stations exhibiting the most similar polychaete assemblages are located at similar depths. However, some species distributions appear to correlate better with sediment type than with depth. Maximum abundance occurs deeper on the continental slope to the west, and station clusters generated by non-hierarchical clustering (using the dominant polychaete species data) are not sorted strictly by depth. In a canonical analysis of discriminance, the station clusters were projected onto a two-dimensional plane in species space. The first and second canonical variables of the station clusters correlate with sediment grain-size distributions, suggesting a relationship between polychaete distribution patterns and the sedimentary environment. This relationship is further substantiated when sediment grain-size distributions for each station are plotted on a tertiary diagram: the stations are grouped and ordered in a pattern similar to that generated by the canonical analysis of discriminance. 相似文献
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Carey P. Yeager 《Conservation biology》1997,11(3):802-805
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Acoustic telemetry was used to follow 22 blue sharks,Prionace glauca (Linnaeus), over the continental shelf and slope in the region between George's Bank and Cape Hatteras between 1979 and 1986. The sharks frequently made vertical excursions between the surface and depths of several hundred meters. The oscillations, which were repeated every few hours, were largest in the daytime and were smaller in amplitude and confined to depths near the thermocline at night. This behavior was prominent in trials from August through March, but was not seen from June through July. Diving is discussed in terms of a hunting tactic and behavioral thermoregulation. Most of the sharks moved in a southeasterly direction from the release point and many maintained a constant course day and night for several days. The sharks may orient to the earth's magnetic field, or to the ocean's electric fields, allowing them to swim on a constant heading in the absence of celestial cues. These possibilities are discussed in the appendix. 相似文献
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Seedlings from ten half-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) were exposed in open-top chambers to carbon-filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF), or air amended with ozone to 1.7 or 2.5 times ambient. After 105 days of exposure, half the seedlings within each family were wounded but not inoculated and half were wounded and inoculated with the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium subglutinans, to which five families were relatively resistant. After an additional 50 days of ozone treatment, seedling growth and canker development were recorded. Cankers were significantly (sigma < or = 0.05) smaller among resistant compared to susceptible families, and were significantly larger among seedlings receiving the highest (2.5) compared to the ambient (NF) ozone treatment. The wound scars of non-inoculated seedlings were also significantly larger among seedlings receiving the 2.5 compared to the NF treatment, but these dimensions did not differ significantly with seedling family or resistance. The weights of needles and large roots were significantly smaller at the 2.5 compared to the 1.7 ozone treatment for inoculated but not for non-inoculated seedlings; this resulted in a significant interaction for ozone and inoculation effects. Among resistant families, root weights were significantly smaller for inoculated seedlings. Diameter growth and dry weights of needles were significantly smaller among inoculated compared to non-inoculated seedlings, but did not differ between NF and 2.5 ozone treatments. 相似文献
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Carey E. Kuhn 《Marine Biology》2011,158(3):649-663
In the heterogeneous marine environment, predators can increase foraging success by targeting physical oceanographic features,
which often aggregate prey. For northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus), two prevalent oceanographic features characterize foraging areas during summer in the Bering Sea: a stable thermocline
and a subsurface “cold pool”. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of these features on foraging behavior
by equipping fur seals from St. Paul Island (Alaska, USA) with time-depth recorders that also measured water temperature.
Foraging bout variables (e.g., mean dive depth and percent time diving in a bout) were compared with respect to subsurface
thermal characteristics (thermocline presence and strength and cold pool presence). Over 74% of bouts occurred in association
with strong thermoclines (temperature change > 5°C). Few differences were found for dive behavior in relation to the presence
of a thermocline and the cold pool, but for epipelagic bouts, a strong thermocline resulted in increased bottom times, number
of dive wiggles, and percent time diving when compared to moderate thermoclines. There was also a positive relationship between
mean dive depth and thermocline depth. The combination of increasing foraging effort in areas with strong thermoclines and
diving to depths closely related to the thermocline indicates this feature is important foraging habitat for northern fur
seals and may act to concentrate prey and increase foraging success. By recognizing the environmental features northern fur
seals use to find prey, managers will be better equipped to identify and protect foraging habitat that is important to northern
fur seals, and possibly other marine predators in the Bering Sea. 相似文献
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