在瑞典白尾海雕(Haliaeetus albicilla)繁殖过程中DDE、PCB、共面PCB和蛋壳参数所起的作用

1964～1999年,对三个受不同污染的瑞典白尾海雕亚种群[波罗的海沿岸种群(Bp)、瑞典中部内陆种群(Ip)和拉普兰种群(Lp)]的繁殖进行了监测.     

Noise and annoyance in working environments

This paper describes a field study of the correlation between annoyance and occupational exposure to noise. Measurements of noise and annoyance were made in different types of working environments with noise dominated by low-frequency, middle-frequency or high-frequency components. The noise was described in terms of dB(A), dB(B), dB(C), dB(D), and dB(lin). Annoyance ratings of the occupational noise and of two verbally described reference noises were collected, using a rating scale. As a result of calibration, a better correlation between noise level and rated annoyance was obtained. The A-weighting procedure did not produce a better prediction of annoyance than any of the other weighting methods.     

波罗的海灰海豹（Halichoerus grypus）和环斑海豹（Phoca hispida botnica）的肾损害

波罗的海中的灰海豹和环斑海豹种群在60～70年代期间发生严重减少的现象。成年动物曾显示出（目前仍显示出）一系列损害现象，特别是雌性动物的生殖器官、肠、皮肤、肾、肾上腺以及颅骨（波罗的海海豹综合症）等的损害。本报告提供了1977～1996年期间在波罗的海本体和波的尼亚湾收集的76只灰海豹和29只环斑海豹肾脏光学显微病变的形态和盛行情况。血管小球的特殊变化是毛细血管壁的弥散性变厚以及毛细血管壁或被膜壁中存在大而圆的透明体。远曲小管和集合管的特殊变化包括通过多层细胞增殖使正常上皮发生病灶性置换。这些病变的盛行及程度与年龄有关，因此也就是与接触环境毒物的时间长短有关。肾损害在波罗的海灰海豹身上比在环斑海豹身上明显。在来自瑞典动物园的5只灰海豹身上也记录下了类似的发现。这些动物在其生命的大部分时间内都是以波罗的海中的鱼类为食的。在5只波罗的海灰海豹和动物园灰海豹中的其中一只身上进行了显微镜检测。主要是根据一只波罗的海灰海豹身上的发现进行电子显微镜检的结果包括肾小球毛细血管壁的肾小球膜间位以及肾单位远基部位细胞增殖中居间细胞的特征。来自苏格兰海岸的11只灰海豹和来自斯瓦尔巴群岛23只环斑海豹被作为参照物。这些参考海豹没有一只显示出有上述的特殊损害现象。作者认为，波罗的海环境中的有机氯污染是造成这些肾脏病变的一个因素。     

Abnormal karyotype in the chorion,not confirmed in a subsequently aborted fetus

An abnormal fetal karyotype, containing a del 16(q21-qter) as an extra chromosome, was diagnosed in all 14 metaphases examined in a sample of chorionic villous biopsy material. After elective abortion a mosaicism for this cell-line together with a normal one was detected in the chorionic tissue. Fibroblast cultures from several fetal skin biopsies all revealed a normal karyotype.     

Partitioning behavior of polychlorinated biphenyls

Partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) among several idealized environmental compartments was investigated using equilibrium conditions. Simulations with single equilibrations suggested that PCB mixtures do not weather significantly. However, simulations with multiple equilibrations of a selected phase with renewed phases suggested that PCB mixtures have the potential to weather. These simulations were strongly influenced by temperature; both the compositions and total amount of the PCBs in each phase at equilibrium changed significantly with temperature. These simulations lend support to the hypothesis that lower and higher chlorinated PCBs behave differently in the environment.     

Atmospheric deposition of organic micropollutants in Norway studied by means of moss and lichen analysis

Moss and lichen samples from eleven remote sites from all parts of Norway were analysed for persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons. The highest and lowest concentration levels were found in the most southwesterly and northerly locations, respectively. Moss and lichen samples from one site were also analysed for other organic micropollutants. They were found to contain alkanes, mostly of biogenic origin, PAH and phthalates.     

On the perchlorination of 2-hydroxybiphenyl and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-4,5,6-trichlorophenol and their methyl ethers

2-Hydroxybiphenyl and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-4,5,6-trichlorophenol and their methyl ethers were perchlorinated with four different reagents of various strengths. It was shown that perchlorination is not a reliable method in the analysis of these compounds. Pure octachlorodibenzofuran and nonachlorohydroxybiphenyl were, however, synthesized by the perchlorination procedure.