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761.
Sotiris Vardoulakis Reneta Dimitrova Kate Richards David Hamlyn Giorgio Camilleri Mark Weeks Jean-Fran?ois Sini Rex Britter Carlos Borrego Michael Schatzmann Nicolas Moussiopoulos 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(2):169-181
Wind flow and turbulence within the urban canopy layer can influence the heating and ventilation of buildings, affecting the health and comfort of pedestrians, commuters and building occupants. In addition, the predictive capability of pollutant dispersion models is heavily dependent on wind flow models. For that reason, well-validated microscale models are needed for the simulation of wind fields within built-up urban microenvironments. To address this need, an inter-comparison study of several such models was carried out within the European research network ATREUS. This work was conducted as part of an evaluation study for microscale numerical models, so they could be further implemented to provide reliable wind fields for building energy simulation and pollutant dispersion codes. Four computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models (CHENSI, MIMO, VADIS and FLUENT) were applied to reduced-scale single-block buildings, for which quality-assured and fully documented experimental data were obtained. Simulated wind and turbulence fields around two surface-mounted cubes of different dimensions and wall roughness were compared against experimental data produced in the wind tunnels of the Meteorological Institute of Hamburg University under different inflow and boundary conditions. The models reproduced reasonably well the general flow patterns around the single-block buildings, although over-predictions of the turbulent kinetic energy were observed near stagnation points in the upwind impingement region. Certain discrepancies between the CFD models were also identified and interpreted. Finally, some general recommendations for CFD model evaluation and use in environmental applications are presented. 相似文献
762.
Varea M Galindo N Gil-Moltó J Pastor C Crespo J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(9):2471-2476
Particle-bound PAHs were measured at three sites in southeastern Spain (an urban background location, a suburban-industrial site in the vicinity of two cement plants and a rural area) in order to investigate the influence of the type of location on PAH concentrations. A clear influence of cement production on particulate PAH levels could not be established since for the urban background and suburban-industrial sites the average concentrations of total PAHs in the PM2.5 fraction were very similar (1.085 and 1.151 ng m(-3), respectively), with benzo[b+k]fluoranthene and chrysene as the predominant compounds. Diagnostic ratios, used to identify PAH emission sources, pointed to traffic as the main source of particulate PAH at both locations. As expected, PAH levels at the rural site were significantly lower (0.408 ng m(-3) in the PM10 fraction) due to increasing distance from the emission sources. PAH seasonal variations at the urban background and suburban-industrial sites were the same as reported in many previous studies. Average winter to summer ratios for total PAHs were 4.4 and 4.9 for the urban background and industrial sites, in that order. This seasonal cycle could be partially explained by the higher temperature and solar radiation during summer enhancing PAH evaporation from the particulate phase and PAH photochemical degradation, respectively. The study of PAH distribution between the fine and coarse fraction at the urban site revealed that on average around 80% of total PAHs were associated with fine particles. 相似文献
763.
Metolina Patrícia Teixeira Antonio Carlos Silva Costa 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):24150-24166
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A dynamic kinetic model is presented for the UVC/H2O2-driven process. The model comprises 103 reactions, including background species, such as... 相似文献
764.
de Souza Larissa Pinheiro Graça Cátia Alexandra Leça Teixeira Antonio Carlos S. C. Chiavone-Filho Osvaldo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):24057-24066
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The presence of toxic chlorinated compounds in drinking water, generated during the disinfection step in water treatment plants, is of great concern... 相似文献
765.
Hofit Kol-Maimon Zvi Mendel José Carlos Franco Murad Ghanim 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(10):791-802
Mealybugs have a haplodiploid reproduction system, with paternal genome elimination (PGE); the males are diploid soon after fertilization, but during embryogenesis, the male paternal set of chromosomes becomes heterochromatic (HC) and therefore inactive. Previous studies have suggested that paternal genes can be passed on from mealybug males to their sons, but not necessarily by any son, to the next generation. We employed crosses between two mealybug species—Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and Planococcus citri (Risso)—and between two populations of P. ficus, which differ in their mode of pheromone attraction, in order to demonstrate paternal inheritance from males to F2 through F1 male hybrids. Two traits were monitored through three generations: mode of male pheromone attraction (pherotype) and sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) gene segment (genotype). Our results demonstrate that paternal inheritance in mealybugs can occur from males to their F2 offspring, through F1 males (paternal line). F2 backcrossed hybrid males expressed paternal pherotypes and ITS2 genotypes although their mother originated through a maternal population. Further results revealed other, hitherto unknown, aspects of inheritance in mealybugs, such as that hybridization between the two species caused absence of paternal traits in F2 hybrid females produced by F1 hybrid females. Furthermore, hybridization between the two species raised the question of whether unattracted males have any role in the interactions between P. ficus and P. citri. 相似文献
766.
Carlos David Silv Lizeth Beristain-Montiel Flor de Maria Cuervo-Lpez Anne-Claire Texier 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(9):1885-1893
The ability of a nitrifying sludge to oxidize p-cresol was evaluated in a sequential batch reactor (SBR). p-Cresol was first transformed to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and p-hydroxybenzoate, which were later mineralized. The specific rates of p-cresol consumption increased throughout the cycles. The bacterial population dynamics were monitored by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 0DGGE) and sequencing of DGGE fragments. The ability of the sludge to consume p-cresol and intermediates might be related to the presence of species such as Variouorax paradoxus and Thauera mechernichensis, p-Cresol (25 to 200 mg C/L) did not affect the nitrifying SBR performance (ammonium consumption efficiency and nitrate production yield were close to 100% and 1, respectively). This may be related to the high stability observed in the nitrifying communities. It was shown that a nitrifying SBR may be a good alternative to eliminate simultaneously ammonium and p-cresol, maintaining stable the respiratory process as the bacterial community. 相似文献
767.
Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano Ayalkibet Hundesa Byron Calgua Anna Carratala Carlos Maluquer de Motes Marta Rusiñol Vanessa Moresco Ana Paula Ramos Fernando Martínez-Marca Miquel Calvo Celia Regina Monte Barardi Rosina Girones Sílvia Bofill-Mas 《Food and environmental virology》2014,6(1):31-41
Shellfish complying with European Regulations based on quantification of fecal bacterial indicators (FIB) are introduced into markets; however, information on viruses, more stable than FIB, is not available in the literature. To assess the presence of noroviruses (NoVs) GI and GII and human adenoviruses (HAdV) in domestic and imported mussels and clams (n = 151) their presence was analyzed during winter seasons (2004–2008) in north-west Spanish markets through a routine surveillance system. All samples tested negative for NoV GI and 13 % were positive for NoV GII. The role of HAdV as viral indicator was evaluated in 20 negative and 10 positive NoV GII samples showing an estimated sensitivity and specificity of HAdV to predict the presence of NoV GII of 100 and 74 % (cut-off 0.5). The levels of HAdV and NoVs and the efficiency of decontamination in shellfish depuration plants (SDP) were evaluated analyzing pre- and post-depurated mussels collected in May–June 2010 from three different SDP. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence and quantification of HAdV between pre- and post-depurated shellfish and between seawater entering and leaving the depuration systems. Moreover, infectious HAdV were detected in depurated mussels. These results confirm previous studies showing that current controls and depuration treatments limiting the number of FIB do not guarantee the absence of viruses in shellfish. 相似文献
768.
Delgado-Vargas Carlos Andrés Espinosa-Barrera Paula Andrea Villegas-Guzman Paola Martínez-Pachón Diana Moncayo-Lasso Alejandro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):42275-42289
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, the use of natural organic wastes (orange and lemon peels) as sources of citric acid was evaluated along with the application of the... 相似文献
769.
Rubio-Gutierrez Juan Carlos Mendez-Hernández Pablo Guéguen Yann Galichon Pierre Tamayo-Ortiz Marcela Haupt Karsten Medeiros Mara Barbier Olivier Christophe 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(21):31042-31058
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Bone mass in adulthood depends on growth and mineralization acquired during childhood and adolescence. It is well known that these stages of life are... 相似文献
770.
Cañaveras JC Cuezva S Sanchez-Moral S Lario J Laiz L Gonzalez JM Saiz-Jimenez C 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2006,93(1):27-32
In this study, we show that moonmilk subaerial speleothems in Altamira Cave (Spain) consist of a network of fiber calcite
crystals and active microbial structures. In Altamira moonmilks, the study of the typology and distribution of fiber crystals,
extracellular polymeric substances, and microorganisms allowed us to define the initial stages of fiber crystal formation
in recent samples as well as the variations in the microstructural arrangement in more evolved stages. Thus, we have been
able to show the existence of a relationship among the different types of fiber crystals and their origins. This allowed us
to outline a model that illustrates the different stages of formation of the moonmilk, developed on different substrata, concluding
that microbes influence physicochemical precipitation, resulting in a variety of fiber crystal morphologies and sizes. 相似文献