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361.
Environmental monitoring study of selected veterinary antibiotics in animal manure and soils in Austria 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Martínez-Carballo E González-Barreiro C Scharf S Gans O 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,148(2):570-579
LC-MS/MS was used for determination of selected tetracyclines, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fluoroquinolones in manure samples of pig, chicken and turkey, as well as arable soils fertilized with manure. Recoveries from spiked samples ranged from 61 to 105%. Method quantification limits were set to 100 microg/kg for all substances. Analysis of 30 pig manure, 20 chicken and turkey dung, and 30 lyophilized soil samples taken in Austria revealed that in pig manure up to 46 mg/kg chlortetracycline, 29 mg/kg oxytetracycline and 23 mg/kg tetracycline could be detected. As representatives of the group of sulfonamides, sulfadimidine in pig manure and sulfadiazine in chicken and turkey dung were detected in significant amounts (maximum concentration, 20 and 91 mg/kg, respectively). Enrofloxacin was particularly observed in chicken and turkey samples. Positive detection of chlortetracycline, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, in soil samples should be outlined as most important results of this study. 相似文献
362.
Morales-Caselles C Jiménez-Tenorio N Riba I Sarasquete C DelValls TA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,131(1-3):211-220
Sediments in the National Park of the Atlantic Islands (Galicia, Spain) were affected by the spill of the tanker Prestige (November, 2002) and still present high levels of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The adverse effects associated with the
contaminants in sediments were tested using a chronic bioassay, exposing juveniles of the fish Sparus aurata (seabream). A toxicokinetic approach is proposed to evaluate sediment quality by linking chemical and ecotoxicological data
along the time. Sediment samples were physicochemically characterized and the concentration of contaminants (Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons – PAHs – and metals) was measured. Fishes were exposed to contaminated sediments, and samples from different
tissues were collected every 15 days throughout the 60 days that lasted the experiment. A biomarker of exposure (ethoxyresorufin
O-deethylase activity – EROD activity) and a biomarker of effect (histopathology) were analyzed during the exposure period.
Results show a relationship between the biomarkers and the concentrations in sediments of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons—PAHs.
Besides, the toxicokinetic approach links biomarkers response providing information about the relationship between the detoxification
process and the damages observed in the different tissues. The frequency of the histological damage is highest when the EROD
activity slightly decreases in accordance with the mechanism of detoxification of this enzymatic system against PAHs and other
organic contaminants. 相似文献
363.
Summary. The earwig Doru taeniatum (Dermaptera, Forficulidae) has a pair of defensive glands, opening on the 4th abdominal tergite, from which it discharges
a spray when disturbed. It aims the discharges by revolving the abdomen, a maneuver that enables it simultaneously to use
its pincers in defense. The secretion contains two quinones (methyl-1,4-benzoquinone and 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone) present
in the glands as a crystalline mass, together with pentadecane and a (presumably) aqueous phase. The gland openings are minute,
with the result that virtually no quinone crystals are expelled with the spray. Only the two liquid phases are discharged,
together with the ca. 1% quinone they carry in solution. Such a solute-economizing discharge mechanism appears to be without parallel among insect
defensive glands.
Received 14 February 2000; accepted 21 February 2000 相似文献
364.
João L. Guilherme Victoria R. Jones Inês Catry Martin Beal Maria P. Dias Steffen Oppel Juliet A. Vickery Chris M. Hewson Stuart H. M. Butchart Ana S. L. Rodrigues 《Conservation biology》2023,37(1):e14002
The conservation of long-distance migratory birds requires coordination between the multiple countries connected by the movements of these species. The recent expansion of tracking studies is shedding new light on these movements, but much of this information is fragmented and inaccessible to conservation practitioners and policy makers. We synthesized current knowledge on the connectivity established between countries by landbirds and raptors migrating along the African–Eurasian flyway. We reviewed tracking studies to compile migration records for 1229 individual birds, from which we derived 544 migratory links, each link corresponding to a species’ connection between a breeding country in Europe and a nonbreeding country in sub-Saharan Africa. We used these migratory links to analyze trends in knowledge over time and spatial patterns of connectivity per country (across species), per species (across countries), and at the flyway scale (across all countries and all species). The number of tracking studies available increased steadily since 2010 (particularly for landbirds), but the coverage of existing tracking data was highly incomplete. An average of 7.5% of migratory landbird species and 14.6% of raptor species were tracked per country. More data existed from central and western European countries, and it was biased toward larger bodied species. We provide species- and country-level syntheses of the migratory links we identified from the reviewed studies, involving 123 populations of 43 species, migrating between 28 European and 43 African countries. Several countries (e.g., Spain, Poland, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo) are strategic priorities for future tracking studies to complement existing data, particularly on landbirds. Despite the limitations in existing tracking data, our data and results can inform discussions under 2 key policy instruments at the flyway scale: the African–Eurasian Migratory Landbirds Action Plan and the Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia. 相似文献
365.
Gomes Fernanda Bento Rosa Cândido Vinícius Bignoto da Rocha Vargas Isabela Salgado de Paiva Luiz Evaristo Dias Silva Jonathas Batista Gonçalves Branco Otavio Eurico de Aquino Castro Samuel Rodrigues 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(1):144-156
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Leakage modeling can be crucial for environmental management and control of waste landfills. However, defining boundary conditions for these models... 相似文献
366.
367.
Luísa Rodrigues Maria João Ramos Pereira Ana Rainho Jorge M. Palmeirim 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(5):835-843
Dispersal and migratory behaviours are often important determinants of gene flow in wild species, and we have studied their
role using ringing-recapture data in the Portuguese population of Miniopterus schreibersii, a cave-dwelling bat that forms large maternity colonies. Juvenile dispersal, usually a major agent of gene flow, appears
to be negligible, as young females never settled to give birth in foreign colonies. Likewise, there was virtually no dispersal
of adult females to foreign maternity colonies. This strong philopatry virtually eliminated female-mediated gene flow, but
we found a great potential for male-mediated gene flow among colonies, as regional migrations temporarily joined both sexes
from different colonies in the same roosts, during the mating season. In fact, females from some colonies were more likely
to mate with males from foreign colonies than from their own, thus potentially bringing home genes of foreign males. In spite
of this abundant gene flow, we found a pattern of isolation by distance and even strong barriers to gene flow, which is explained
by the fact that migrations were usually too short to allow direct flow among distant colonies. We concluded that potential
gene flow is influenced by the distance between colonies and the availability of mating roosts between them. In addition,
we found this flow to be asymmetrical, with a dominant direction from the largest to the smallest colonies. Our ringing-recapture
estimates of potential gene flow based on dispersal and migratory behaviour are compatible with the genetic structure of the
population for both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Our conclusions have implications for the conservation of bats with a spatial
behaviour similar to that of M. schreibersii. Colonies should be managed individually because strict female philopatry not only promotes their isolation but also minimises
the contribution of immigration in rescuing declining colonies. Furthermore, the results underline the importance of preserving
mating roosts to maintain gene flow among colonies. 相似文献
368.
Conservation Biology Framework for the Release of Wild-Born Orphaned Chimpanzees into the Conkouati Reserve, Congo 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Caroline E. G. Tutin §§ Marc Ancrenaz † Jorge Paredes ‡ Myriam Vacher-Vallas § Carmen Vidal Benoît Goossens †† Michael W. Bruford †† Aliette Jamart‡‡ 《Conservation biology》2001,15(5):1247-1257
Abstract: Returning confiscated animals to their native habitats is desirable when it makes a positive contribution to the conservation of the species. Release of captive individuals is complex and controversial, however, particularly when risks are potentially high, as in the case of orphaned apes. We describe the decision-making process that led to the successive release of 20 wild-born orphan chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes troglodytes ) into the Conkouati Reserve in the Republic of Congo. Recommendations of the Reintroduction Specialist Group of the World Conservation Union's Species Survival Commission were followed closely. The conservation status, ecology, and behavior of wild chimpanzees; the biological, social, economic and political context of the release site; and the health and genetic status of the candidates for release were all taken into account in the planning and execution of the project. Rigorous post-release monitoring of behavior and health allowed documentation of the outcome. The project was of benefit to the chimpanzees that were released but also brought broad benefits to the site through effective protection from poaching and deforestation, and direct and indirect benefits to local people. The genetic and behavioral diversity of chimpanzees require a variety of conservation strategies to reduce threats and maintain as many viable wild populations as possible. 相似文献
369.
Bruno M. Esteves Carmen S. D. Rodrigues Luís M. Madeira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(35):34826-34838
Degradation of total phenol (TPh) and organic matter, (expressed as total organic carbon TOC), of a simulated olive mill wastewater was evaluated by the Fenton oxidation process under batch and continuous mode conditions. A mixture of six phenolic acids usually found in these agro-industrial wastewaters was used for this purpose. The study focused on the optimization of key operational parameters of the Fenton process in a batch reactor, namely Fe2+ dosage, hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH, and reaction temperature. On the assessment of the process efficiency, > 99% of TPh and > 56% of TOC removal were attained when [Fe2+] = 100 ppm, [H2O2] = 2.0 g/L, T = 30 °C, and initial pH = 5.0, after 300 min of reaction. Under those operational conditions, experiments on a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) were performed for different space-time values (τ). TOC and TPh removals of 47.5 and 96.9%, respectively, were reached at steady-state (for τ = 120 min). High removal of COD (> 75%) and BOD5 (> 70%) was achieved for both batch and CSTR optimum conditions; analysis of the BOD5/COD ratio also revealed an increase in the effluent’s biodegradability. Despite the high removal of lumped parameters, the treated effluent did not met the Portuguese legal limits for direct discharge of wastewaters into water bodies, which indicates that coupled chemical-biological process may be the best solution for real olive mill wastewater treatment. 相似文献
370.
Vanessa N. Lima Carmen S. D. Rodrigues Luis M. Madeira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(35):34851-34862
The aim of this study was to assess the degradation and mineralization of hydroquinone (HQ) by the Fenton’s process in a bubble column reactor (BCR). The effect of the main operating variables, namely, air flow rate, effluent volume, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, catalyst (Fe2+) dose, initial pH, and temperature, were assessed. For all air flow rates tested, no concentration gradients along the column were noticed, evidencing that a good mixing was reached in the BCR. For the best conditions tested ([H2O2] = 500 mg/L, [Fe2+] = 45 mg/L, T = 24 °C, Q air = 2.5 mL/min, pH = 3.0, and V = 5 L), complete HQ degradation was reached, with ~ 39% of total organic carbon (TOC) removal, and an efficiency of the oxidant use—η H2O2—of 0.39 (ratio between TOC removed per H2O2 consumed normalized by the theoretical stoichiometric value); moreover, a non-toxic effluent was generated. Under these conditions, the intermediates and final oxidation compounds identified and quantified were a few carboxylic acids, namely, maleic, pyruvic, and oxalic. As a strategy to improve the TOC removal, a gradual dosage of the optimal H2O2 concentration was implemented, being obtained ~ 55% of mineralization (with complete HQ degradation). Finally, the matrix effect was evaluated, for which a real wastewater was spiked with 100 mg/L of HQ; no reduction in terms of HQ degradation and mineralization was observed compared to the solution in distilled water. 相似文献