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591.
Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque Luciana Gomes de Sousa Nascimento Fabio José Vieira Cybelle Maria de Albuquerque Duarte Almeida Marcelo Alves Ramos Ana Carolina Oliveira da Silva 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2012,25(1):19-32
The scientific community has debated the importance of “return” activities after ethnobiological studies. This issue has provoked
debate because it touches on the ethics of research and the relationships with the people involved in these studies. This
case study aimed to investigate community perception of an ethnobotany research project that was carried out in the semi-arid
region of northeastern Brazil. Furthermore, we reported how the residents of this rural community felt about participating
in the activities of “return” that arose from the projects. Our findings demonstrate that “return” activities should be planned
from the design phase of the research until its closure as a lifelong process that allows the communities involved to gradually
take ownership of the information and actions that are being generated. Similarly, we argue that such activities must be negotiated
with the people of the community so that they have decision-making power and autonomy to decide what is most relevant to their
lives. 相似文献
592.
Márcia Maria Favaro Ferrarezi Márcia de Oliveira Taipina Laura Caetano Escobar da Silva Maria do Carmo Gonçalves 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(1):151-159
A new route to prepare poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends is described in this work using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a non-toxic polymer, as a compatibilizer. The influence of PEG on the morphology and properties of PLA/TPS blends was studied. The blends were processed using a twin-screw micro-compounder and a micro-injector. The morphologies were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopies and the material properties were evaluated by dynamic-mechanical, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and mechanical tests. PLA/TPS blends presented large TPS phase size distribution and low adhesion between phases which was responsible for the lower elastic modulus of this blend when compared to pure PLA. The addition of PEG resulted in the increase of PLA crystallization, due to its plasticizing effect, and improvement of the interfacial interaction between TPS and PLA matrix. Results show that incorporation of PEG increased the impact strength of the ternary blend and that the elastic modulus remained similar to the PLA/TPS blend. 相似文献
593.
Spatial Differentiation of Landscape Values in the Murray River Region of Victoria, Australia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xuan Zhu Sharron Pfueller Paul Whitelaw Caroline Winter 《Environmental management》2010,45(5):896-911
This research advances the understanding of the location of perceived landscape values through a statistically based approach
to spatial analysis of value densities. Survey data were obtained from a sample of people living in and using the Murray River
region, Australia, where declining environmental quality prompted a reevaluation of its conservation status. When densities
of 12 perceived landscape values were mapped using geographic information systems (GIS), valued places clustered along the
entire river bank and in associated National/State Parks and reserves. While simple density mapping revealed high value densities
in various locations, it did not indicate what density of a landscape value could be regarded as a statistically significant
hotspot or distinguish whether overlapping areas of high density for different values indicate identical or adjacent locations.
A spatial statistic Getis–Ord Gi* was used to indicate statistically significant spatial clusters of high value densities
or “hotspots”. Of 251 hotspots, 40% were for single non-use values, primarily spiritual, therapeutic or intrinsic. Four hotspots
had 11 landscape values. Two, lacking economic value, were located in ecologically important river red gum forests and two,
lacking wilderness value, were near the major towns of Echuca-Moama and Albury-Wodonga. Hotspots for eight values showed statistically
significant associations with another value. There were high associations between learning and heritage values while economic
and biological diversity values showed moderate associations with several other direct and indirect use values. This approach
may improve confidence in the interpretation of spatial analysis of landscape values by enhancing understanding of value relationships. 相似文献
594.
Investigating the potential of functionalized MCM-41 on adsorption of Remazol Red dye 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Danilo Oliveira Santos Maria de Lourdes Nascimento Santos José Arnaldo Santana Costa Roberta Anjos de Jesus Sandro Navickiene Eliana Midori Sussuchi Maria Eliane de Mesquita 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):5028-5035
The modification of MCM-41 was performed with 3-aminopropropyltrimethoxysilane. The structural order and textural properties of the synthesized materials were studied by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry, nitrogen adsorption, and desorption analysis. The adsorption capacity of NH2-MCM-41 was studied with Remazol Red dye. The following parameters were studied in the adsorption process: pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration. The desorption process was studied in different concentrations of NaOH solutions. The Freundlich isotherm model was found to be fit with the equilibrium isotherm data. Kinetics of adsorption follows the modified Avrami rate equation. The maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 45.9 mg?g?1, with removal of the dye of 99.1 %. The NH2-MCM-41 material exhibited high desorption capacity with 98.1 %. 相似文献
595.
Carolinne Borges Khayat Emília Oliveira Alves Costa Macks Wendhell Gonçalves Damiana Mirian da Cruz e Cunha Alex Silva da Cruz Caroline Oliveira de Araújo Melo Rogério Pereira Bastos Aparecido Divino da Cruz Daniela de Melo e Silva 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):7334-7340
We evaluated 41 rural workers occupationally exposed to pesticides and 32 subjects as a control group, using the micronucleus (MN) and the comet assay. For the comet assay, we evaluated the peripheral blood, and for the MN, we sampled cells from the oral epithelium. Damage to DNA was measured by tail length, % DNA in tail (% tail), olive tail moment (OTM), and tail moment (TM). The exposed group presented an 8× increase in MN frequency, when compared to the control group (p <0.05). When we contrasted the MN frequencies between the individuals that use and do not use personal protective equipment, we found a mean of 7.5 MN (57 % variance) and 12.1 MN (130 % variance), respectively. The binucleated cells were 0.04 and 0.005, in the exposed and control groups, respectively, indicating 8× increase in the number of binucleated cells, when comparing the groups (p <0.05). In the comet assay, we demonstrated statistically significant differences in three parameters (% DNA, OTM, and TM) indicating that the rural workers presented high levels of genomic damages. Our results indicate that occupational exposure to pesticides could cause genome damage in somatic cells, representing a potential health risk to Brazilian rural workers that deal constantly with agrochemicals without adequate personal protection equipment. 相似文献
596.
Crispim Bdo A Vaini JO Grisolia AB Teixeira TZ Mussury RM Seno LO 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(3):718-723
Purpose
This study aimed to associate the intensity of vehicular traffic in the city of Dourados (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil) with mutagenic effects and alterations in leaf physiology as measured by the quantity of micronuclei and the leaf surface parameters of Tradescantia pallida. 相似文献597.
Qiong Wang John Peckenham Jamie Pinto Howard Patterson 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):3889-3894
The purpose of this study was to examine the kinetics and equilibrium properties of freshwater algae with Cu2+. This was a model system to explore using algae as biosensors for water quality. Methods included making luminescence measurements (fluorescence) and copper ion-selective electrode (CuISE) measurements vs. time to obtain kinetic data. Results were analyzed using a pseudo-first-order model to calculate the rate constants of Cu2+ uptake by algae: k p(Cu?Calgae)?=?0.0025?±?0.0006?s?1 by CuISE and k p(Cu?Calgae)?=?0.0034?±?0.0011?s?1 by luminescence. The binding constant of Cu?Calgae, K Cu?Calgae, was 1.62?±?0.07?×?107?M?1. Fluorescence results analyzed using the Stern?CVolmer relationship indicate that algae have two types of binding sites of which only one appears to affect quenching. The fluorescence-based method was found to be able to detect the reaction of algae with Cu2+ quickly and at a detection limit of 0.1?mg?L?1. 相似文献
598.
An automated assay for the evaluation of the influence of ionic liquids on the activity of catalase was developed. The activity and inhibition assays were implemented in a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system and intended to contribute for the estimation of the toxicity of the tested compounds. The fast developed methodology was based on the oxidation of the non-fluorescent probe amplex red, in the presence of H2O2, to produce resorufin, a strong fluorescent compound. Catalase activity was monitored by the decreased of the fluorescence intensity due to the consumption of H2O2 by the enzyme. The activity assays were performed in strictly aqueous media and in the presence of increasing concentrations of seven commercially available ionic liquids and sodium azide, a strong inhibitor of catalase. IC50 values between 0.15 and 2.77 M were obtained for the tested compounds, revealing distinct inhibitory effects. This allowed us to perform some considerations about the toxicity of the tested cations and anions. The developed SIA methodology showed to be robust and exhibited good repeatability in all the assay conditions. On the other hand, it proved to be in good agreement with the actual concerns of “Green Chemistry” since it involved the consumption of less than 200 μL of reagents and the production of only 1.7 mL of effluent (per cycle) and at the same time reduced the operator exposure resulting in increased environmental and human safety. 相似文献
599.
Research on the environmental fate and transport of PCBs in Lake Ontario basin depends, among other aspects, on the availability of representative data sets for upstream sources, but data are lacking for most US Lake Ontario tributaries. In this study, water samples were collected between September 2004 and October 2008 from five tributaries and were analyzed for 209 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) with high-resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) following EPA Method 1668A. Total PCB concentrations ranged between 0.31 and 42.75 ng L−1. Congeners between Di and Hexa PCBs accounted between 70 and 99% of the total PCB. The tributary with highest PCB concentrations presented similar pattern and percentage levels to Aroclor 1242. Total average loads for the sampling events ranged between 1.85 g d−1 and 59.08 g d−1. PCB concentrations were evaluated against other variables and other studies (including different matrices) to better understand their transport. The methodology used is reliable to assess PCB contamination in surface water. 相似文献
600.
Atmospheric phenanthrene pollution modulates carbon allocation in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
Desalme D Binet P Epron D Bernard N Gilbert D Toussaint ML Plain C Chiapusio G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2759-2765
The influence of atmospheric phenanthrene (PHE) exposure (160 μg m−3) during one month on carbon allocation in clover was investigated by integrative (plant growth analysis) and instantaneous 13CO2 pulse-labelling approaches. PHE exposure diminished plant growth parameters (relative growth rate and net assimilation rate) and disturbed photosynthesis (carbon assimilation rate and chlorophyll content), leading to a 25% decrease in clover biomass. The root-shoot ratio was significantly enhanced (from 0.32 to 0.44). Photosynthates were identically allocated to leaves while less allocated to stems and roots. PHE exposure had a significant overall effect on the 13C partitioning among clover organs as more carbon was retained in leaves at the expense of roots and stems. The findings indicate that PHE decreases root exudation or transfer to symbionts and in leaves, retains carbon in a non-structural form diverting photosynthates away from growth and respiration (emergence of an additional C loss process). 相似文献