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111.
Márcia da Silva Carvalho Araceli Cristina de Sousa Ferreira 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(11):1030-1038
The Urban Cleaning Company of the City of Rio de Janeiro - COMLURB launched the Recycling Separation Center Project (Projeto Central de Separação de Recicláveis or CSR) in 2003. The objectives of the project were the adequate disposal of solid urban waste as well as the generation of employment and income. The COMLURB Project had economic, environmental and social facets, and the researchers sought to establish whether COMLURB had prepared reports that would enable evaluation of the investment made and the results obtained. In particular, the researchers sought to establish whether COMLURB financial statements set out the results of actions inherent to the CSR. We concluded from our analysis of the Project that the three elements of sustainability (social, environmental and economic), despite being fully present, were not adequately demonstrated. This study therefore proposes a model report with a view to enabling various information users to evaluate the results of the CSR Project. 相似文献
112.
Sandro Lemos Machado Mehran Karimpour-Fard Nader Shariatmadari Miriam Fatima Carvalho Julio C.F. do Nascimento 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(12):2579-2591
The characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW) play a key role in many aspects of waste disposal facilities and landfills. Because most of a landfill is made up of MSW, the overall stability of the landfill slopes are governed by the strength parameters and physical properties of the MSW. These parameters are also important in interactions involving the waste body and the landfill structures: cover liner, leachate and gas collection systems. On the other hand, the composition of the waste, which affects the geotechnical behavior of the MSW, is dependent on a variety of factors such as climate, disposal technology, the culture and habits of the local community. It is therefore essential that the design and stability evaluations of landfills in each region be performed based on the local conditions and the geotechnical characteristic of the MSW. The Bandeirantes Landfill, BL, in São Paulo and the Metropolitan Center Landfill, MCL, in Salvador, are among the biggest landfills in Brazil. These two disposal facilities have been used for the development of research involving waste mechanics in recent years. Considerable work has been made in the laboratory and in the field to evaluate parameters such as water and organic contents, composition, permeability, and shear strength. This paper shows and analyzes the results of tests performed on these two landfills. The authors believe that these results could be a good reference for certain aspects and geotechnical properties of MSW materials in countries with similar conditions. 相似文献
113.
Godoy JM Carvalho ZL da Costa Fernandes F Danelon OM Ferreira AC Roldão LA 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2003,70(3):193-198
The present work presents the results of 137Cs concentration in seawater, fish and sediments samples collect in 11 sampling points, crossing the Brazilian Southeastern coastal region, from Vitória (ES) to Santos (SP), on a routine basis from 1997 to 2002. This monitoring program was carried out by the Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN/MCT), in cooperation with the Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM/Brazilian Navy), aiming at determining artificial radionuclides in marine samples. Additionally to the 137Cs results, 90Sr concentrations in fish samples from 1998 to 2002 are also reported.The 137Cs in seawater follows a lognormal distribution, with a geometric mean of 1.8 Bq m-3 and a geometric standard deviation of 1.4 (n=54), decay corrected to June/2002. For 137Cs levels in fish samples a geometric mean of 0.19 Bq kg−1 and a geometric standard deviation of 2.9 (n=39), decay corrected to June/2002, with a range of 0.03 to 1.7 Bq kg−1, were obtained. Based on the 137Cs mean concentration in fish as well as in seawater, a transfer factor of 1 × 102 was calculated, which is quite in agreement with the recommended value found in the Safety Report Serie 19. 相似文献
114.
Heber Pimentel Gomes Claudia Coutinho Nóbrega 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2005,7(2):116-123
This article reports a study of the economic viability of a separate household waste collection project, and considers its social and environmental benefits. The study was developed from the database obtained through the pilot project on separate collections in João Pessoa, the capital of Paraíba, in the northeast region of Brazil. The pilot project had been supported by the local municipal council since September 2000. The methodology applied to this study of economic viability is based on the economic quantification of the benefits and costs involved in the process of a separate collection of household waste. The benefits to the environment, owing to the reduction of the final disposal of household waste, were also evaluated. The results of this research are encouraging for the benefit cost relation (B/C) of both the quantified economic components and the environmental aspects. The values found for the relation B/C ranged from 1.27 to 1.77 depending on the economic quantification of the direct and indirect benefits to the components involved in the project, i.e., the waste collectors, the municipal council, the sellers of recycled material, and the recycling industry. 相似文献
115.
Dalita?G.?S.?M.?Cavalcante Andressa?S.?Gomes Renivaldo?J.?Santos Leandra?Ernst?Kerche-Silva Caroline?Silva?Danna Eidi?Yoshihara Aldo?E.?JobEmail author 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(3):980-988
A new composite has been developed from natural rubber and chrome-tanned leather waste for use in footwear and textile industries. The contribution of this material to environmental quality and sustained development should be highligh because chrome tanned leather wastes, a major environmental problem, can be recycled. However, the safety of this new material for human use is questionable, as it is already well reported in the literature that chromium, particularly in its hexavalent oxidation state, can be genotoxic and carcinogenic to living beings. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro biocompatibility of this composite material for possible use in the footwear and textile industries, through cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and genotoxicity tests. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to measure both concentrations of total and hexavalent chromium. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the composite exhibits low levels of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, and possesses favorable properties for initial cell adhesion. Furthermore, it was verified that the composites released low concentrations of chromium and that the predominant species released would be trivalent chromium. The results of the present study open the possibility of the incorporation of solid residues of tanned leather into chromium without necessarily the chromium contained in these residues influences the toxicity and genotoxicity of this new material. 相似文献
116.
Marianna Siegmund-Schultze Maria do Carmo Sobral Márcia M. G. Alcoforado de Moraes Jarcilene S. Almeida-Cortez J. Roberto G. Azevedo Ana Lúcia Candeias Arne Cierjacks Edvânia T. A. Gomes Günter Gunkel Volkmar Hartje Fred F. Hattermann Martin Kaupenjohann Hagen Koch Johann Köppel 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(7):1883-1888
117.
Nuno C. Cruz Sónia M. Rodrigues Lina Carvalho Armando C. Duarte Eduarda Pereira Paul F.A.M. Römkens Luís A.C. Tarelho 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):14770-14781
Although bottom ash (BA) [or mixtures of bottom and fly ash (FA)] from clean biomass fuels is currently used as liming agent, additive for compost, and fertilizer on agricultural and forest soils in certain European countries, in several other countries most of the ashes are currently disposed in landfills. This is due to both a lack of a proper classification of the materials and of regulatory barriers.Chemical characterization including analysis of an array of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) proved that over 100,000 tons of BA currently landfilled every year in Portugal actually complied with legal limits for PTEs for soil fertilizers applied in other countries. Pot experiments were conducted, testing three dosages of BA and FA (1, 2.5, and 5%, in weight) in three mining soils with different properties. Additions of ash materials to soils led to an increase in the pore water pH relative to control pots (0% of ash added) and had a clear impact on DOC and on the solubilization of both macro- and micronutrients (notably Cu).The results from the case study using BA and FA from a Portuguese biomass thermal power plant demonstrate that it is imperative to further develop a regulatory framework to alleviate technological and environmental barriers for biomass ash utilization as raw material for fertilizers and/or soil liming agent, in accordance with the goals of the circular economy. A more harmonized view on how to assess the merits and risks of the re-use of these materials is also needed. 相似文献
118.
Ferreira José Francisco de Carvalho Corrêa Jacklinne Matta de Alcantara Junior José Ernaldo 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(11):15725-15738
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Although sustainability assessment is widely discussed at Brazil, in Brazilian Amazon its use is still little applied, considering this territory is... 相似文献
119.
Optimisation of MSW collection routes for minimum fuel consumption using 3D GIS modelling 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Collection of municipal solid waste (MSW) may account for more than 70% of the total waste management budget, most of which is for fuel costs. It is therefore crucial to optimise the routing network used for waste collection and transportation. This paper proposes the use of geographical information systems (GIS) 3D route modelling software for waste collection and transportation, which adds one more degree of freedom to the system and allows driving routes to be optimised for minimum fuel consumption. The model takes into account the effects of road inclination and vehicle weight. It is applied to two different cases: routing waste collection vehicles in the city of Praia, the capital of Cape Verde, and routing the transport of waste from different municipalities of Santiago Island to an incineration plant. For the Praia city region, the 3D model that minimised fuel consumption yielded cost savings of 8% as compared with an approach that simply calculated the shortest 3D route. Remarkably, this was true despite the fact that the GIS-recommended fuel reduction route was actually 1.8% longer than the shortest possible travel distance. For the Santiago Island case, the difference was even more significant: a 12% fuel reduction for a similar total travel distance. These figures indicate the importance of considering both the relief of the terrain and fuel consumption in selecting a suitable cost function to optimise vehicle routing. 相似文献
120.
Rui B. Gomes Regina Nogueira José M. Oliveira João Peixoto António G. Brito 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(6):671-678