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171.
Eimers MC Watmough SA Buttle JM Dillon PJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,127(1-3):399-407
Increased sulphate (SO4) export from wetlands following summer droughts in central Ontario, Canada has been associated with the delayed chemical
recovery of downstream surface waters following decreased sulphur (S) emissions. Prolonged summer droughts result in a decrease
or cessation of stream flow, declines in wetland water table level and oxidation of reduced S compounds to SO4, which is subsequently flushed into drainage streams when stream flow resumes. Sulphate input-output budget calculations
(1983–1995 and 1999–2001) at a conifer Sphagnum swamp in the Plastic Lake catchment, indicate that SO4 is retained in most years but is exported on a net basis following particularly severe summer droughts that result in the
cessation of stream flow for more than 54 days (95% CI: 41–72 days). Hindcast calculations using long-term (1916–2000) stream
discharge records from a nearby station indicate that while droughts occurred frequently in south-central Ontario over the
past 85 years, sufficiently dry conditions to cause net SO4 export occurred in only18 of the past 85 years, and indicate a cumulative positive SO4 balance for the swamp (i.e. net SO4 retention). Furthermore, the S pool at the Plastic Lake swamp has been estimated to be ∼1500 kg S/ha in the upper 40 cm peat
layer, which is large compared to the amount of net SO4 export that occurs even in years with particularly dry summers (e.g. −43 kg S/ha in 1987/88). Together, these data suggest
that the wetland S pool at Plastic Lake has not been depleted by previous droughts and will continue to sustain episodic drought-related
SO4 export for the foreseeable future. 相似文献
172.
Sarah-Louise McManus Karl G. Richards Jim Grant Anthony Mannix Catherine E. Coxon 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7819-7836
This study explores the associations of pesticide occurrence in groundwater to geological characteristics of the monitoring points (MPs) contributing area. Pesticide analyses were undertaken during a 2-year groundwater monitoring campaign which generated 845 samples. MCPA and mecoprop were the most frequently detected pesticides in groundwater. Each MP (n?=?158) had a specifically delineated zone of contribution (ZOC) and the dominant physical characteristics present from nine national datasets were recorded for each ZOC. Associations between detections in groundwater and the dominant physical characteristic in each MPs ZOC tested were then statistically analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression. The original physical characteristic datasets used that were associated with detections in groundwater were the type of MP, aquifer type, and Quaternary deposit type. Logistic regression revealed that springs, regionally important aquifer types, aquifers with a karstic flow regime, and alkaline Quaternary deposits in existence above karst aquifers in a MP’s ZOC were more likely to have a pesticide detection in groundwater. Multiple regression from this exploratory work showed some mutual dependency between soil association, aquifer type, and the Geological Survey of Ireland groundwater vulnerability map. The combination of national monitoring data and physical attribute datasets can be used to explore key areas where groundwater is more vulnerable to pesticide contamination. 相似文献
173.
Metal levels in sediments and transplanted mussels in Pagassitikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Catherine Tsangaris Helen Kaberi Vassiliki-Angelique Catsiki 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(7):6077-6087
Metal concentrations were determined in surface sediments and transplanted mussels in a shallow semi-enclosed bay, Pagassitikos Gulf, Aegean Sea. Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, and As levels in sediments were enriched close to point sources of pollution, i.e., Volos Port and cement plant. Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni spatial distributions in sediments were rather uniform with increasing concentrations towards deeper sites, suggesting natural enrichment, whereas levels found in the port, although elevated, were not the highest in the study area. Spatial variations in concentrations of most metals in mussels transplanted nearshore were generally in accordance to those in sediments, with the highest Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, and Cu levels in the port and the highest Hg levels close to the cement plant. Concentrations of metals in sediments and transplanted mussels were comparable to those reported in Mediterranean areas. Results indicate that pollution point sources contribute to anthropogenic metal enrichment in the study area. 相似文献
174.
Sophie?GourguetEmail author Olivier?Thébaud Sarah?Jennings L.?Richard?Little Catherine?M.?Dichmont Sean?Pascoe Roy?A.?Deng Luc?Doyen 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2016,21(3):371-389
Fisheries management must address multiple, often conflicting objectives in a highly uncertain context. In particular, while the bio-economic performance of trawl fisheries is subject to high levels of biological and economic uncertainty, the impact of trawling on broader biodiversity is also a major concern for their management. The purpose of this study is to propose an analytical framework to formally assess the trade-offs associated with balancing biological, economic and non-target species conservation objectives. We use the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF), which is one of the most valuable federally managed commercial fisheries in Australia, as a case study. We develop a stochastic co-viability assessment of the fishery under multiple management objectives. Results show that, due to the variability in the interactions between the fishery and the ecosystem, current management strategies are characterized by biological and economic risks. Results highlight the trade-offs between respecting biological, economic and non-target species conservation constraints at each point in time with a high probability and maximizing the net present value of the fishery. 相似文献
175.
Efthimia Cotou Catherine Tsangaris Morgane Henry 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1812-1822
A battery of biochemical and immunological biomarkers used for pollution assessment were measured for first time in the clams Venus verrucosa and Callista chione and were compared with those of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, a well-established indicator organism utilized in numerous environmental monitoring programs. Clams and mussel were transplanted at a polluted and a reference site or maintained at the laboratory. Among biochemical biomarkers, acetylcholinesterase did not differ at the polluted site in all species, but there was a significant difference between the mussel and the clams, glutathione S-transferase showed a clear inhibition at the polluted site in all species and a significant difference between the two clams was also indicated, while catalase activities were increased only in V. verrucosa at the polluted site and not in mussel or the other clam. Immunological biomarkers responses were also pronounced at the polluted site. Lysozyme activity was species-dependent whereas respiratory burst activity measured as luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) was site and stimulus dependent, and it was evident in M. galloprovincialis and V. verrucosa and not in C. chione. Further investigation focused on biochemical and immunological biomarkers related with the oxidative mechanisms in clams will strengthen and expand their use as bioindicators for pollution assessment. 相似文献
176.
Chris Fabien Moussavou Moudouma Catherine Riou Vincent Gloaguen Gaëlle Saladin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1889-1894
Studies related to phytoremediation by conifers are still at their beginning. Thus, we investigated the ability of a hybrid larch (Larix x eurolepis) to accumulate cadmium (Cd). One-month-old clonal plantlets grown in vitro were exposed for 1 week to a high Cd concentration (1.5 mM). No significant effect was observed on root and shoot biomass, root length, and needle number as a result of Cd treatment. Leaf photosynthetic pigment content and total soluble protein concentration in roots and shoots remained unchanged compared to control plantlets. Taken together, these results suggested that hybrid larch tolerated Cd in our conditions. The high Cd concentration in shoots (200 μg Cd gram?1 dry weight) showed the good capacity of larch to translocate Cd and thus a potential use of this species for phytoremediation. Furthermore, under our conditions, phytochelatin biosynthesis pathway was slightly stimulated, suggesting that this pathway did not reach the threshold and/or another mechanism of Cd storage may be involved to explain larch tolerance to Cd. 相似文献
177.
Mathieu Cladière Johnny Gasperi Catherine Lorgeoux Céline Bonhomme Vincent Rocher Bruno Tassin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):2973-2983
This study evaluates the influence of a heavily urbanized area (Paris Metropolitan area), on receiving water contamination by both bisphenol A (BPA) and alkylphenol ethoxylate (APE) biodegradation product. The study began by investigating concentrations within urban sources. In addition to the more commonly studied wastewater treatment plant effluent, wet weather urban sources (including combined sewer overflows, urban runoff, and total atmospheric fallout) were considered. The initial results highlight a significant contamination of all urban sources (from a few nanograms per liter in atmospheric fallout to several micrograms per liter in the other sources) with clearly distinguishable distribution patterns. Secondly, concentration changes along the Seine River from upstream of the Paris Metropolitan area to downstream were investigated. While the concentrations of BPA and nonylphenoxy acetic acid (NP1EC) increase substantially due to urban sources, the 4-nonylphenol concentrations remain homogeneous along the Seine. These results suggest a broad dissemination of 4-nonylphenol at the scale of the Seine River basin. Moreover, the relationship between pollutant concentrations and Seine River flow was assessed both upstream and downstream of the Paris conurbation. Consequently, a sharp decrease in dissolved NP1EC concentrations relative to Seine River flow underscores the influence of single-point urban pollution on Seine River contamination. Conversely, dissolved 4-nonylphenol concentrations serve to reinforce the hypothesis of its widespread presence at the Seine River basin scale. 相似文献
178.
Heavy metal accumulation by recombinant mammalian metallothionein within Escherichia coli protects against elevated metal exposure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In an effort to minimize the impact on the environment or improve the properties of choice, most engineered nanoparticles used for commercial applications are surface functionalized. The release of these functionalized engineered nanoparticles (FENPs) into the environment can be either deliberate or accidental. Scientific research to date has tended to focus on evaluating the toxicity of FENPs, with less attention being given to exposure assessments or to the study of their general behavior in natural environments. We have therefore investigated the effects of environmental parameters such as pH, NaCl concentration, and natural organic matter concentration on the aggregation kinetics of FENPs with time resolved dynamic light scattering, using functionalized gold nanoparticles (FAuNPs) as a representative of these particles. We also investigated the effects of average particle size, the type of surface capping agent, and particle concentration on FAuNP aggregation kinetics. Our results show that the physico-chemical properties of the capping agent have a greater influence on the aggregation behavior of FAuNPs than either their core composition or their particle size. 相似文献
179.
Winter climate and snow cover are the important drivers of plant community development in polar regions. However, the impacts of changing winter climate and associated changes in snow regime have received much less attention than changes during summer. Here, we synthesize the results from studies on the impacts of extreme winter weather events on polar heathland and lichen communities. Dwarf shrubs, mosses and soil arthropods were negatively impacted by extreme warming events while lichens showed variable responses to changes in extreme winter weather events. Snow mould formation underneath the snow may contribute to spatial heterogeneity in plant growth, arthropod communities and carbon cycling. Winter snow cover and depth will drive the reported impacts of winter climate change and add to spatial patterns in vegetation heterogeneity. The challenges ahead lie in obtaining better predictions on the snow patterns across the landscape and how these will be altered due to winter climate change. 相似文献
180.
Callaghan TV Tweedie CE Akerman J Andrews C Bergstedt J Butler MG Christensen TR Cooley D Dahlberg U Danby RK Daniëls FJ de Molenaar JG Dick J Mortensen CE Ebert-May D Emanuelsson U Eriksson H Hedenås H Henry H R G Hik DS Hobbie JE Jantze EJ Jaspers C Johansson C Johansson M Johnson DR Johnstone JF Jonasson C Kennedy C Kenney AJ Keuper F Koh S Krebs CJ Lantuit H Lara MJ Lin D Lougheed VL Madsen J Matveyeva N Mcewen DC Myers-Smith IH Narozhniy YK Olsson H Pohjola VA Price LW Rigét F Rundqvist S 《Ambio》2011,40(6):705-716
Understanding the responses of tundra systems to global change has global implications. Most tundra regions lack sustained environmental monitoring and one of the only ways to document multi-decadal change is to resample historic research sites. The International Polar Year (IPY) provided a unique opportunity for such research through the Back to the Future (BTF) project (IPY project #512). This article synthesizes the results from 13 papers within this Ambio Special Issue. Abiotic changes include glacial recession in the Altai Mountains, Russia; increased snow depth and hardness, permafrost warming, and increased growing season length in sub-arctic Sweden; drying of ponds in Greenland; increased nutrient availability in Alaskan tundra ponds, and warming at most locations studied. Biotic changes ranged from relatively minor plant community change at two sites in Greenland to moderate change in the Yukon, and to dramatic increases in shrub and tree density on Herschel Island, and in subarctic Sweden. The population of geese tripled at one site in northeast Greenland where biomass in non-grazed plots doubled. A model parameterized using results from a BTF study forecasts substantial declines in all snowbeds and increases in shrub tundra on Niwot Ridge, Colorado over the next century. In general, results support and provide improved capacities for validating experimental manipulation, remote sensing, and modeling studies. 相似文献