利用百合(Lilium davidii)根尖细胞的微核细胞率作为环境监测指标的探讨

首次报道了利用百合根尖细胞微核细胞率作为环境监测指标的可行性和优越性。实验证明,百合根尖比蚕豆根尖细胞的微核细胞率更敏感。     

添加剂对垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融过程二不断噁英分解的影响

为了研究添加剂对垃圾飞灰熔融处理过程中二噁英分解特性的影响，选择碱性氧化物CaO和液体陶瓷(LC)2种添加剂，改变温度、气氛和熔融时间研究2种添加剂对二噁英分解率的影响．研究表明CaO对二噁英分解影响随气氛不同而改变，氧化气氛下，加入CaO使二噁英的分解率略微降低，而在还原气氛下则会使二噁英分解率升高．液体陶瓷添加剂对熔融过程二噁英分解有显著影响．1400℃时，随着LC添加比例由0增加到10％，二噁英分解率则从99．997％升高到100％．同时加入10％的LC可以使二噁英的完全分解温度由无添加剂时的1460℃降低至1100℃．     

金鱼藻与铜绿微囊藻共生情况下的化感作用

研究了金鱼藻(Ceratophfllum demersum)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)共生时二者之间的相互作用.通过追踪测定铜绿微囊藻的藻细胞密度、叶绿素a浓度、藻胆蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量,研究了金鱼藻对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用机制,以及铜绿微囊藻对金鱼藻生长的胁迫.结果表明,金鱼藻对铜绿微囊藻有明显的抑制作用,作用96 h后藻细胞完全死亡;排除营养和光的竞争影响,认为抑制作用主要是由化感作用引起的.培养过程中,铜绿微囊藻叶绿索a和藻胆蛋白(包括藻蓝蛋白、别藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白)都有不同程度的损伤;作用末期,藻蓝蛋白的损伤程度最大,叶绿素a次之.藻细胞SOD活性以及MDA含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势.铜绿微囊藻对金鱼藻也有一定胁迫作用,使其生长量减少,叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量降低.     

Sources of 24-h personal exposure to PM2.5-bound metals: results from a panel study in Wuhan,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Atmospheric PM2.5-bound metals have been widely addressed, but research on the exposure levels and sources of personal PM2.5-bound metals among urban...     

加速环境制度变革 推动经济社会科学发展

党的十八大以科学发展观为指导,提出了推进生态文明、建设美丽中国的战略任务,生态文明是我党创造性地回答经济发展与资源环境关系问题所取得的最新理论成果,为统筹人与自然和谐发展指明了前进方向。改革开放的中国,社会经济高速发     

A preliminary calculation of cement carbon dioxide in China from 1949 to 2050

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from China are of global concern. As energy-, resource-intensive and greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution...     

碟形封头对薄壁内压短圆筒爆破压力的影响

试验研究表明,有足够强度和刚度的碟形封头可提高钢制薄壁内压短圆筒的爆破压力;得到确定Q235-A低碳钢和OCr18Ni9不锈钢制薄壁内压短圆筒爆破压力的经验公式,以及区分内压长、短圆筒的临界长度计算公式.     

液化石油气钢瓶承载能力的研究

充分考虑液化石油气钢瓶的结构特点,基于31组试验数据,推导得到确定短液化石油气钢瓶承载能力的新公式,以及区分长、短液化石油气钢瓶的临界长度计算公式;采用11组试验数据验证了用中径公式确定长液化石油气钢瓶承载能力的合理有效性.     

A steam dried municipal solid waste gasification and melting process

Considering high-moisture municipal solid waste (MSW) of China, a steam dried MSW gasification and melting process was proposed, the feasibility was tested, and the mass and energy balance was analyzed. Preliminary experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed drying apparatus, a 200 kg per day fluidized-bed gasifier, and a swirl melting furnace. Moisture percentage was reduced from 50% to 20% roughly when MSW was dried by slightly superheated steam of 150°C?C350°C within 40 min. When the temperature was less than 250°C, no incondensable gas was produced during the drying process. The gasifier ran at 550°C?C700°Cwith an air equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.2?C0.4. The temperature of the swirl melting furnace reached about 1240°C when the gasification ER was 0.3 and the total ER was 1.1. At these conditions, the fly ash concentration in the flue gas was 1.7 g·(Nm³)^?1, which meant over 95% fly ash was trapped in the furnace and discharged as slag. 85% of Ni and Cr were bound in the slag, as well as 60% of Cu. The mass and energy balance analysis indicates that the boiler heat efficiency of an industrial MSW incineration plant reaches 86.97% when MSW is dried by steam of 200°C. The boiler heat efficiency is sensitive to three important parameters, including the temperature of preheated MSW, the moisture percentage of dried MS Wand the fly ash percentage in the total ash.     

区域氮干沉降分布特征的数值模拟

氮沉降对全球尺度的粮食生产、碳氮循环及大气环境质量均具有重要影响.本研究采用WRF-Chem模式对区域氮沉降过程进行数值 模拟,着重分析氮干沉降的时空分布特征.结果表明：在空间场上,我国氮干沉降主要体现出东高西低的特点,华北平原和川渝地区为氮沉降高值区,这主要与排放高值区的空间分布有关,NH₃和HNO₃ 沉降量都是在东部最大,这与东部一直以来较高的经济增长速度和农业活动水平有直接联系.从氮的不同组分形式（气态/颗粒态氮或者氧化性/还原性氮）来看,气态氮较颗粒态氮对总氮沉降的贡献更大,贡献比达66%; 相较氧化性氮,还原性氮对总氮沉降的贡献较大,贡献比为57%.进一步分析不同下垫面类型的氮干沉降结果,气态氮的干沉降均是在城市和农田下垫面上更高.NH₃ 干沉降通量主要受排放源影响,HNO₃ 干沉降通量则受气象条件影响较大,而排放源和气象条件均有很强的季节性 变化.NH₄⁺和NO₃^-在森林下垫面上的干沉降通量远多于其它类型的下垫面,这主要是因为森林下垫面粗糙度比较大,相应的摩擦速度也较大,湍流比较活跃,有利于粒子污染物的沉积.