胚胎期草甘膦铵盐暴露对中华鳖幼体的表型与生理表现的影响

草甘膦是全球范围内生产与使用量最大的除草剂。虽然草甘膦制剂被分于低毒等级,但是许多研究显示其对动物的生理、行为表达具有广泛的干扰作用。本研究将中华鳖胚胎暴露于不同浓度的草甘膦铵盐溶液以评估草甘膦除草剂对其胚胎发育及孵出幼体表型及生理表现的影响。结果显示:一定浓度范围(5～5 000 mg·L~(-1))内,草甘膦铵盐对中华鳖胚胎发育速率、孵出幼体大小、游泳能力、肝脏甘油三酯含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量以及热激蛋白70 mRNA相对表达量无显著影响。结果表明:一定浓度范围草甘膦除草剂暴露对中华鳖胚胎发育的影响较小,不改变孵出幼体的表型及其生理表现。     

Static and dynamic characteristics of SO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-O<Subscript>2</Subscript> aqueous solution in the microstructure of porous carbon materials

Porous carbon material facilitates the reaction SO₂ + O₂ + H₂O → H₂SO₄ in coal-burned flue gas for sulfur resources recovery at mild conditions. It draws a long-term mystery on its heterogeneous catalysis due to the complicated synergic effect between its microstructure and chemical components. To decouple the effects of geometric structure from chemical components, classical molecular dynamics method was used to investigate the static and dynamic characteristics of the reactants (H₂O, SO₂ and O₂) in the confined space truncated by double-layer graphene (DLG). Strong adsorption of SO₂ and O₂ by the DLG was observed, which results in the filling of the solute molecules into the interior of the DLG and the depletion of H₂O. This effect mainly results from the different affinity of the DLG to the species and can be tuned by the separation of the two graphene layers. Such dimension dependence of the static and dynamic properties like distribution profile, molecular cluster, hydrogen bond and diffusion coefficient were also studied. The conclusions drawn in this work could be helpful to the further understanding of the underlying reaction mechanism of desulfurization process in porous carbon materials and other applications of carbon-based catalysts.

Open image in new window

     

钙基吸收剂液相氧化法协同脱硫脱硝试验

采用CaCO3作为吸收剂,利用单隔板喷射鼓泡实验装置研究了NaCl02作为氧化剂的协同脱硫脱硝效果,并与KMnO4进行了对比.考察了不同试验条件对NO和SO2脱除效率的影响.实验结果表明,同等条件下NaClO2的脱硫脱硝效果优于KMnO4;低pH值有利于NaClO2氯化脱硝,但对于KMnO4氧化脱硝,pH值无明显影响;提高SO2浓度或降低NO浓度均可提高NO脱除效率,NaClO2的氧化脱硝特性较KMnO4显著;提高氧化剂加入量和喷射管浸没深度均可以提高脱硫脱硝效率.     

A steam dried municipal solid waste gasification and melting process

Considering high-moisture municipal solid waste (MSW) of China, a steam dried MSW gasification and melting process was proposed, the feasibility was tested, and the mass and energy balance was analyzed. Preliminary experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed drying apparatus, a 200 kg per day fluidized-bed gasifier, and a swirl melting furnace. Moisture percentage was reduced from 50% to 20% roughly when MSW was dried by slightly superheated steam of 150°C–350°C within 40 min. When the temperature was less than 250°C, no incondensable gas was produced during the drying process. The gasifier ran at 550°C–700°Cwith an air equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.2–0.4. The temperature of the swirl melting furnace reached about 1240°C when the gasification ER was 0.3 and the total ER was 1.1. At these conditions, the fly ash concentration in the flue gas was 1.7 g·(Nm³)⁻¹, which meant over 95% fly ash was trapped in the furnace and discharged as slag. 85% of Ni and Cr were bound in the slag, as well as 60% of Cu. The mass and energy balance analysis indicates that the boiler heat efficiency of an industrial MSW incineration plant reaches 86.97% when MSW is dried by steam of 200°C. The boiler heat efficiency is sensitive to three important parameters, including the temperature of preheated MSW, the moisture percentage of dried MS Wand the fly ash percentage in the total ash.     

尿素添加剂湿法烟气脱氮的试验研究

在填有金属鲍尔环的管式吸收反应器中,分别研究了尿素含量、添加剂(三乙醇胺)浓度、吸收柱彳丁效高度、烟气浓度对NOx脱除效率的影响。试验结果表明,尿素含量和添加剂浓度的增加可以少量提高脱氮效率：烟气浓度的大小对脱氮效率的影响不大;吸收柱有效高度对脱氮效率的影响较大。     

革用水性聚氨酯的研究

为适应可持续发展的需要,有必要寻找水性聚氨酯产品来替代原有产品。通过大量研究试验,对不同原材料进行对比筛选,已经开发出一批在模最、透湿量、耐挠等许多性能方面都较好的溶剂型聚氨酯浆料的水性浆料。     

关于加强环境监测顶层设计的思考

以管理学的视角,提出为应对生态文明建设和环境管理转型对环境监测提出的新要求新任务,环境监测系统应以创新监测机构设置模式、优化监测网络功能格局、引导市场化趋势为重点,进一步加强自上而下的顶层设计,理顺环境监测管理体制与运行机制,更好的发挥环境监测技术支持与服务作用。     

环境监测市场化若干问题的思考

在环境监测市场化内涵辨析的基础上,界定了环境监测市场化包括非公共服务属性的环境监测使市场起决定性作用和公共服务属性的环境监测引入市场机制两层涵义,分析了环境监测市场化中政府与市场的职责和定位,提出了建立健全环境监测市场机制需要重点研究的若干问题。     

尾矿代粘土在干法回转窑水泥生产中的应用研究

为获取尾矿在干法回转窑水泥生产应用的技术参数,在对尾矿和粘土特性进行分析的基础上,在2500t·d-1的新型干法回转窑生产线上进行了浙江诸暨铜尾矿替代粘土配料的应用试验研究.试验采用循序渐进的方法,诸暨铜尾矿按质量分数为1%、2%、3%、5%依次在生产原料中掺配,对试验熟料样品进行了化学成分分析和矿物组成X射线衍射(XRD)分析.试验结果表明,掺铜尾矿生产得到的熟料化学组成和游离氧化钙(f-CaO)含量正常,熟料烧成情况良好;与掺粘土熟料相比,掺铜尾矿熟料矿物组成结构有所调整,早强和高强矿物含量有所增加.熟料物性检测表明,掺铜尾矿生产得到的熟料的各项性能指标均满足技术要求,熟料各龄期强度指标与掺粘土熟料相比略有提高.掺铜尾矿配料与粘土配料主要生产运行指标统计分析表明,试验过程在干法回转窑生产运行稳定的情况下,掺铜尾矿配料较粘土配料,其熟料平均日产量提高10.07%,熟料标煤耗降低8.29%.