金属尾矿作水泥混合材活性试验研究

选取烧失量低于10%,SO3含量低于3%,SiO2、Al2O3含量较高,适于作水泥混合材的6种金属尾矿进行水泥混合材活性试验研究.6种金属尾矿分别按10%、15%、20%、25%、30%与熟料、石膏进行配比.试验结果表明:6种金属尾矿不同掺配比活性试验的R28在68.72%～76.54%之间,高于活性混合材R28为62%的判定指标,由此可认为此6种尾矿均属于活性混合材,可单独用作水泥活性混合材;6种金属尾矿掺配比在小于30%的范围内,水泥安定性、凝结时间等性能指标均符合普通硅酸盐水泥要求;6种金属尾矿掺配比在小于30%的范围内其强度均满足32.5R等级水泥强度要求;尾矿掺配比为10%时,6种金属尾矿除3号尾矿外,均满足42.5R等级水泥强度要求.符合要求的金属尾矿用作水泥混合材,将扩大水泥混合材来源,降低水泥粉磨能耗和成本,实现尾矿的资源化和水泥工业的可持续发展.     

CaF2高温分解特性试验研究

作为燃煤和砖瓦烧制过程中钙基固氟剂燃烧固氟的最终产物CaF₂,其高温稳定特性对固氟效率有重要影响本义在固定床反应器上采用气态氟化物直接吸收分析法,结合XRD、DTA法对CaF₂晶体粉末在大气、干燥大气和饱和大气下的高温稳定性进行了实验研究.结果表明,在高温条件下CaF₂发生水解反应,水解反应起始温度830±10℃,水解率随燃烧温度和停留时间的增加而增加,空气中水蒸气含量对水解率有显著影响.动力学计算表明温度在850℃～1350℃范围内水解反应为一级反应,反应活化能E=115±2kJ/mol.研究结果对燃煤和砖瓦烧制过程中高温高效钙基燃烧固氟剂的开发有指导意义.     

城市垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融DSC-DTA实验研究

利用高温DSC-DTA热分析仪对国内外2种城市垃圾焚烧飞灰在惰性气氛(N2)和氧化气氛(O₂)下的熔融特性进行了研究.在20℃～1450℃的温度范围内采用3种温升速率进行实验.飞灰熔融过程包含多晶转变和熔融相变2种反应,多晶转变发生在480℃～670℃范围内,吸热量20kJ/kg;熔融约发生在1136℃～1231℃,在1174℃达到峰值,熔融相变潜热约700 KJ/kg,整个过程总吸热量约1800 kJ/kg.研究了CaO添加剂对飞灰熔融的影响.最后提出飞灰熔融吸热量的预测模型,模型     

新型多功能烟气净化装置的开发

余热回收，除尘，脱硫多功能烟气净化装置是一种可同时解决中小型锅炉热效率低下和环境污染问题的新装置。在对多功能烟气净化装置基本原理和特点进行介绍的基础上，利用３０００ｍ＾３／ｈ试验系统对装置的阻力，除尘，传热和脱硫特性进行了研究。     

Source identification of PCDD/Fs in agricultural soils near to a Chinese MSWI plant through isomer-specific data analysis

Isomer-specific data were investigated in order to identify the sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in agricultural soils, including Fluvo-aquic and paddy soils, in the vicinity of a Chinese municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant. Homologue and isomer profiles of PCDD/Fs in soils were compared with those of potential sources, including combustion sources, i.e., MSWI flue gas and fly ash; and the impurities in agrochemicals, such as the pentachlorophenol (PCP), sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na) and 1,3,5-trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy) benzene (CNP). The results showed that the PCDD/F isomer profiles of combustion sources and agricultural soils were very similar, especially for PCDFs, although their homologue profiles varied, indicating that all the isomers within each homologue behave identically in the air and soil. Moreover, factor analysis of the isomer compositions among 33 soil samples revealed that the contamination of PCDD/Fs in agricultural soils near the MSWI plant were primarily influenced by the combustion sources, followed by the PCP/PCP-Na and CNP sources. This implication is consistent with our previous findings based on chemometric analysis of homologue profiles of soil and flue gas samples, and identifies PCP/PCP-Na as an additional important source of PCDD/Fs in the local area. This makes the similarities and differences of isomer profiles between Fluvo-aquic and paddy soils more explainable. It is, therefore, advisable to use isomer-specific data for PCDD/F source identifications where possible.     

初始pH值、液固比对某焚烧炉灰重金属渗滤的影响

对某煤和垃圾混烧流化床焚烧炉的一种灰样品进行了TCLP试验 ,研究了初始渗滤液pH值变化以及液固比变化对该灰中重金属渗滤特性的影响 .在初始渗滤液pH =6之前 ,渗滤后溶液的pH值升高迅速 ,pH =6之后 ,趋势缓慢 .试验结果表明灰中重金属极易在酸性环境中渗滤 .随着初始渗滤液液固比的增大 ,渗滤后溶液的pH值下降 ,渗滤液中的重金属浓度上升 ,灰中的重金属随液固比的增大不断滤出直至饱和状态 .     

小型工业煤粉锅炉脱硫技术应用

本文针对未安装脱硫设施的小型煤粉锅炉(20t/h以下)导致SO2排放浓度超标现象,从脱硫效果、工程费用、运行费用等方面对湿式脱硫与干式灰钙法脱硫两种方案进行比较分析,得出采用灰钙法脱硫更为可行。     

甲苯的光氧化降解试验研究

以气相甲苯为对象,研究其在波长为254 nm紫外光下的光氧化降解反应.同时,考察了甲苯初始浓度、光强和相对湿度对甲苯转化率的影响,分析了甲苯降解中间产物的生成机理.结果表明,随着甲苯初始浓度的增加,甲苯转化率缓慢下降;随着光照强度的增强,甲苯转化率逐渐增加;而提高相对湿度,甲苯转化率则为先升高后降低.在甲苯降解动力学分析中发现其光氧化降解过程符合伪一级反应动力学,且表观速率常数与光照强度成正比.通过对甲苯降解中间产物的分析,发现随着光照强度的增加,含苯环物质的降解更为充分,乙醇、乙酸等的相对含量逐渐增加,苯甲醇、苯甲醛缩二甲醇等的含量逐渐降低,在此基础上提出了甲苯生成含苯环产物及开环生成2-戊酮等的降解机理.     

Moisture distribution in sludges based on different testing methods

Moisture distributions in municipal sewage sludge, printing and dyeing sludge and paper mill sludge were experimentally studied based on four different methods, i.e., drying test, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) test, thermogravimetricdifferential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) test and water activity test. The results indicated that the moistures in the mechanically dewatered sludges were interstitial water, surface water and bound water. The interstitial water accounted for more than 50% wet basis (wb) of the total moisture content. The bond strength of sludge moisture increased with decreasing moisture content, especially when the moisture content was lower than 50% wb. Furthermore, the comparison among the four different testing methods was presented.The drying test was advantaged by its ability to quantify free water, interstitial water, surface water and bound water; while TG-DSC test, TG-DTA test and water activity test were capable of determining the bond strength of moisture in sludge. It was found that the results from TG-DSC and TG-DTA test are more persuasive than water activity test.     

可接受风险的界定方法探讨

着重论述了可接受风险的概念及界定方法 ,丰富了风险研究的理论及方法 ,旨在为风险管理提供更加有意义的参考。