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51.
Thirty different white rot strains were screened for Orange G and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) decolorization on agar plates. Three promising strains, Dichomitus squalens, Ischnoderma resinosum and Pleurotus calyptratus, selected on the basis of this screening, were used for decolorization study in liquid media. All three strains efficiently decolorized both Orange G and RBBR, but they differed in decolorization capacity depending on cultivation conditions and ligninolytic enzyme production. Two different decolorization patterns were found in these strains: Orange G decolorization in I. resinosum and P. calyptratus was caused mainly by laccase, while RBBR decolorization was effected by manganese peroxidase (MnP); in D. squalens laccase and MnP cooperated in the decolorization processes. 相似文献
52.
The photochemistry of selected organic compounds, including common pollutants, on the paraffin (as a model matrix) and spruce wax surfaces was studied under laboratory conditions. Two model transformations were evaluated: (1) intramolecular rearrangements of valerophenone and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, and (2) hydrogen abstraction between an excited benzophenone and the hydrocarbon paraffin/wax chains. The steric or polar influence of the solid matrix on conformational and translational motion, its optical properties, hydrogen abstraction probabilities, and consequences of the guest-molecule segregation are discussed in this work. Furthermore, the photochemical reactivity of some common anthropogenic pollutants, such as chlorinated biphenyls (4-chlorobiphenyl, 2,4-dichlorobiphenyl, and 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl), 4-chlorophenol, and DDT, was evaluated. The surface of spruce wax is presented as probable reaction medium for photochemical transformations. Although the matrix presents certain restrictions for bimolecular reactions, common photodegradations should be generally feasible in nature. In addition, paraffin was found to be a suitable model matrix for the studies of possible photochemical transformations that can occur on natural plant surfaces. 相似文献
53.
A study of the biodegradability of nonionogenic surfactants of oxyethylenated n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl and isopentyl alcohols was conducted by modified static test according to International Standard Organization method 9888. Degradation was evaluated by changes in concentrations of individual oligomers, ethylene glycols, carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. Good biological degradability was found, with a "primary" degradability of 75-98% in 10 days. Obtained results, in agreement with our previous work, proved the dominant proportion of degradative scission in the hydrophile part of surfactant molecule. During biological degradation no significant cumulation of mono- to polyethylene glycols appeared neither that of mono- or dicarboxylic acids, and degradation of these components was not a rate-determining degradation factor. 相似文献
54.
Isolation and identification of intermediates from biodegradation of low chlorinated biphenyls (Delor-103) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Tríska J Kuncová G Macková M Nováková H Paasivirta J Lahtiperä M Vrchotová N 《Chemosphere》2004,54(6):725-733
Microorganism Pseudomonas species P2 metabolizes polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and biphenyl, producing the whole spectrum of intermediates, among them coloured intermediates, which are suitable for the monitoring of PCBs degradation by optical sensors. Knowledge of chemical structures and conditions of development of colour metabolites is necessary for application of optical analytical methods. The main goal of this work was the isolation and identification of intermediates from the biodegradation of the mixture of low chlorinated biphenyls (Delor-103), which is based on the solid phase extraction (SPE) of the whole mixture using LiChrolut EN cartridges, then silylation of the extract as one way to the identification of one part of intermediates by GC-MS, and acetylation of the extract as a way for the further concentration and analysis of more polar chlorobiphenylols and chlorobiphenyldiols. The combination of SPE and following acetylation allows to obtain chlorobiphenylols and chlorobiphenyldiols as an almost pure fraction. The acetylation method could be also used instead SPE procedure with the same final concentration effect. Using the simulation mass spectrometry program, two new compounds, dihydrodihydroxytrichloro- and tetrahydrodihydroxytrichlorobiphenyl, as silylderivatives, were identified. 相似文献
55.
Photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene on germination and early development of plant seedling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The influence of light on phytotoxicity of increased concentration (2, 5, 10 mg/l) of intact fluoranthene (FLT) and photomodified fluoranthene (phFLT) diluted in experimental solutions was investigated. The germination rate of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), onion (Allium cepa L.) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) seeds and some parameters of seedlings primary growth of these plant species were used as laboratory indicators of phytotoxicity. Among them a length of root and shoot, their dry weight and a content of photosynthetic pigments in shoot were measured. The results demonstrated that the higher concentration (5 and 10 mg/l) of FLT and especially of phFLT significantly inhibited the germination rate of seeds and the length of root and shoot seedlings of all plant species. Decreased production of biomass expressed by dry weight of root and shoot was found in lettuce seedlings under the inhibitory effect of FLT and phFLT. An increased concentration of FLT and phFLT did not exhibit an unambiguous effect on the content of photosynthetic pigments in shoot of experimental plants. Only the highest concentration (10 mg/l) of FLT significantly increased content of chlorophylls a and b in lettuce, onion and tomato plants and content of carotenoids in lettuce and onion. Light intensified a significant inhibitory effect of phFLT in the most testified parameters of germination and seedling growth. 相似文献
56.
Elisa Petranich Stefano Covelli Alessandro Acquavit Jadran Faganeli Milena Horvat Marco Contin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(6):5-23
The Marano and Grado Lagoon is well known for being contaminated by mercury(Hg) from the Idrija mine(Slovenia) and the decommissioned chlor-alkali plant of Torviscosa(Italy).Experimental activities were conducted in a local fish farm to understand Hg cycling at the sediment–water interface. Both diffusive and benthic fluxes were estimated in terms of chemical and physical features. Mercury concentration in sediments(up to 6.81 μg/g)showed a slight variability with depth, whereas the highest methylmercury(MeHg) values(up to 10 ng/g) were detected in the first centimetres. MeHg seems to be produced and stored in the 2–3 cm below the sediment–water interface, where sulphate reducing bacteria activity occurs and hypoxic–anoxic conditions become persistent for days. DMeHg in porewaters varied seasonally(from 0.1 and 17% of dissolved Hg(DHg)) with the highest concentrations in summer. DHg diffusive effluxes higher(up to 444 ng/m~2/day) than those reported in the open lagoon(~ 95 ng/m~2/day), whereas DMeHg showed influxes in the fish farm(up to-156 ng/m~2/day). The diurnal DHg and DMeHg benthic fluxes were found to be higher than the highest summer values previously reported for the natural lagoon environment. Bottom sediments, especially in anoxic conditions, seem to be a significant source of MeHg in the water column where it eventually accumulates. However, net fluxes considering the daily trend of DHg and DMeHg, indicated possible DMeHg degradation processes. Enhancing water dynamics in the fish farm could mitigate environmental conditions suitable for Hg methylation. 相似文献
57.
Reynaldo Mauricio Rodríguez Amaya Sandra Milena Becerra Pinto 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2016,22(1):152-158
Objective. The objective of this study was to learn about the health and safety strategies in a sample of taxi drivers in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 taxi drivers. A survey was used to identify the socio-demographic and working characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices according to their occupational risk. Results. Eighty-five percent of the workers labored 9–15?h/day. Of those who suffered accidents, 27% were not affiliated to an occupational risk administrator (p = 0.028). Of the workers who had a work-related accident, 58% considered that the use of a cell phone while driving would not always reduce their attention, 50% always used their seat belt and 7% took active breaks and wore their seat belt (p = 0.01). Conclusions. Within this group of taxi drivers, having or believing to possess knowledge regarding an occupational risk did not ensure that they had a safe attitude or safe working practices. 相似文献
58.
Articular cartilage is a complex tissue characterised by chondrocytes that are embedded within an organised dense extracellular
matrix of collagen and proteoglycan. Under physiologic condition, articular metabolism is slow, but under pathological condition
turnover can increase and the matrix undergoes faster mechanical failure and deterioration, resulting in cartilage degeneration.
Moreover, modest damage of the articular cartilage, resulting from trauma or less invasive surgical procedure, produces an
inflammatory reaction of the joint cartilage, which can cause irreversible degeneration through the increase in catabolic
cytokines synthesis and the decrease in anabolic activity of chondrocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines increase the synthesis
of matrix-degrading enzymes and limit the production of proteoglycans. It is known that physical stimuli modulate cartilage
metabolism. In particular, pulsed electromagnetic fields (I-ONE therapy, Igea, Carpi, Italy) allow to treat homogenously the
whole cartilage surface and thickness and the underlying subchondral bone. In vitro I-ONE therapy increases the binding between
adenosine and A2A adenosine receptor on human neutrophils cell membrane, on bovine chondrocytes and on fibroblast-like synoviocytes. It has
been shown that drugs with A2A adenosine receptor agonist activity prevent articular cartilage degeneration in animals. We hypothesised that the adenosine
agonist effect of I-ONE therapy can also prevent cartilage degeneration. In a recent study, De Mattei et al. demonstrated
how I-ONE therapy can strongly inhibit the release of PGE2 in bovine synovial fibroblasts exerting an anti-apoptotic effect on cells. Ex vitro, in bovine full thickness articular cartilage explants, I-ONE therapy induces the largest increase in proteoglycan synthesis
and in IGF-1 synthesis, when cartilage is exposed to specific parameters of pulsed electromagnetic fields. These effective
parameters were subsequently used in in vivo experiments. The effect of I-ONE therapy was investigated on Dunkin Hartley osteoarthritic
knee by Mankin score and by histomorphometric and densitometric analysis; I-ONE therapy prevented cartilage degeneration and
subchondral bone sclerosis. Osteochondral grafts were performed in the knees of sheep; I-ONE therapy favoured osteochondral
grafts integration and prevented cyst-like resorption area formation, which can compromise the stability of graft and the
success of the technique. To support the in vitro results, biochemical analyses of the synovial fluid were also performed
in this animal model. The amount of inflammatory catabolic cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in the synovial fluid of I-ONE treated
animals was significantly lower than in control animals. On the contrary, TGF-β1 was significantly higher in stimulated animals
than it was in controls. These results demonstrate not only the capability of I-ONE therapy to control the inflammatory reaction
but also its capability to favour cartilage anabolic activity. These results provide the rational to design clinical studies
to demonstrate the possibility to transfer the treatment to humans. Two randomised, prospective, double-blind clinical studies
(Level I), one conducted to patients treated by arthroscopy with condroabrasion and/or perforations at the knee and the other
after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, demonstrated that biophysical stimulation with I-ONE therapy leads to complete
patient’s recovery in a significantly shorter time (P < 0.005). Moreover, a significant number of treated patients made lower use of anti-inflammatory drugs than the patients
in the placebo group. We did not observe negative side effects, patient’s compliance was good and treatment was well accepted.
I-ONE therapy significantly reduces patients’ recovery time, joint swelling and has a chondroprotective effect over articular
cartilage. I-ONE treatment is a new therapy for the joint preservation. 相似文献
59.
Dušan Žagar Nataša Sirnik Matjaž Četina Milena Horvat Jože Kotnik Nives Ogrinc Ian M. Hedgecock Sergio Cinnirella Francesco De Simone Christian N. Gencarelli Nicola Pirrone 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(6):4081-4094
Mass balance of contaminants can provide useful information on the processes that influence their concentrations in various environmental compartments. The most important sources, sinks and the equilibrium or non-equilibrium state of the contaminant in individual environmental compartments can also be identified. Using the latest mercury speciation data, the results of numerical models and the results of recent studies on mercury transport and transformation processes in the marine environment, we have re-evaluated the total mercury (HgT) mass balance in the Mediterranean Sea. New calculations have been performed employing three distinct marine layers: the surface layer, the thermocline and the deep sea. New transport mechanisms, deep water formation and density-driven sinking and upwelling, were included in the mass balance calculations. The most recent data have even enabled the calculation of an approximate methylmercury (MeHg) mass balance. HgT is well balanced in the entire Mediterranean, and the discrepancies between inputs and outputs in individual layers do not exceed 20 %. The MeHg balance shows larger discrepancies between gains and losses due to measurement uncertainties and gaps in our knowledge of Hg species transformation processes. Nonetheless, the main sources and sinks of HgT (deposition and evasion) and MeHg (fluxes from sediment, outflow through the Gibraltar Strait) are in accordance with previous studies on mercury in the Mediterranean Basin. Mercury in the Mediterranean fish harvest is the second largest MeHg sink; about 300 kg of this toxic substance is consumed annually with sea food. 相似文献
60.
Antonio Telesca Milena Marroccoli Daniela Calabrese Gian Lorenzo Valenti Fabio Montagnaro 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(3):628-633
The manufacture of prefabricated building materials containing binding products such as ettringite (6CaO·Al2O3·3SO3·32H2O) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) can give, in addition to other well-defined industrial activities, the opportunity of using wastes and by-products as raw materials, thus contributing to further saving of natural resources and protection of the environment.Two ternary mixtures, composed by 40% flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum or natural gypsum (as a reference material), 35% calcium hydroxide and 25% coal fly ash, were submitted to laboratory hydrothermal treatments carried out within time and temperature ranges of 2 h–7 days and 55–85 °C, respectively. The formation of (i) ettringite, by hydration of calcium sulfate given by FGD or natural gypsum, alumina of fly ash and part of calcium hydroxide, and (ii) CSH, by hydration of silica contained in fly ash and residual lime, was observed within both the reacting systems. For the FGD gypsum-based mixture, the conversion toward ettringite and CSH was highest at 70 °C and increased with curing time. Some discrepancies in the hydration behavior between the mixtures were ascribed to differences in mineralogical composition between natural and FGD gypsum. 相似文献