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131.
Yu Kuang Yi Guo Jiaqi Chai Jing Shang Jiali Zhu Svetlana Stevanovi Zoran Ristovski 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):184-193
Soot particles,mainly coming from fuel combustion,affect climate forcing through absorbing light and also result in adverse human health outcomes.Though biodiesel or additives blending with diesel was considered environmentally friendly,the understanding on absorbing and oxidative capacity of soot emitted from them are still unclear.The watersoluble organic carbon(WSOC) content,surface chemical structure,light absorption and oxidative potential(OP~(DTT)) of soot from biodiesel/diesel and chemicals/diesel blends were investigated utilizing total organic carbon analyzer,X-ray photoelectron spectrometer,ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry and dithiothreitol(DTT) assay.The differences and correlations between soot properties were statistically analyzed.Chemicals/diesel blends soot owned significantly higher WSOC content,ratio of mass absorbing efficiency(MAE) in250 and 365 nm(E_2/E_3),OP~(DTT),and higher surface carbonyl content.Coconut biodiesel/diesel blends soot contained evidently higher aromatic carbon–oxygen single bond(Ar_C–O)content,and higher MAE365.The individual comparison of biodiesel/diesel blends showed20% coconut biodiesel blend owned the lowest WSOC,E_2/E_3 and OP~(DTT),while highest Ar_C–O and MAE365,representing strongest absorbing properties.Association analysis showed OP~(DTT)was significantly positively correlated with WSOC.Further,the evident negative correlation between MAE365 and OP~(DTT) was observed.Our results showed coconut biodiesel/diesel blends soot induced lower levels of oxidative potential,whereas absorption of light was higher,which have far reaching consequences on climate forcing.Therefore,it is important to evaluate the balance point between light-absorbing properties and oxidative potential,under the wide use of biodiesel. 相似文献
132.
Qingyu Zhang Jiaoyu Liu Youjiang He Jiaying Yang Jian Gao Houfeng Liu Wei Tang Yizhen Chen Wenhao Fan Xuan Chen Fahe Chai Shiro Hatakeyama 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(2):72-81
Gaseous peroxides play important roles in atmospheric chemistry. To understand the pathways of the formation and removal of peroxides, atmospheric peroxide concentrations and their controlling factors were measured from 7:00 to 20:00 in September, October, and November 2013 at a heavily trafficked residential site in Beijing, China, with average concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl hydroperoxide (MHP) at 0.55 ppb and 0.063 ppb, respectively. H2O2 concentrations were higher in the afternoon and lower in the morning and evening, while MHP concentrations did not exhibit a regular diurnal pattern. Both H2O2 and MHP concentrations increased at dusk in most cases. Both peroxides displayed monthly variations with higher concentrations in September. These results suggested that photochemical activity was the main controlling factor on variations of H2O2 concentrations during the measurement period. Increasing concentrations of volatile organic compounds emitted by motor vehicles were important contributors to H2O2 and MHP enrichment. High levels of H2O2 and MHP concentrations which occurred during the measurement period probably resulted from the transport of a polluted air mass with high water vapor content passing over the Bohai Bay, China. 相似文献
133.
Xi Cheng Hong Li Yujie Zhang Yuping Li Weiqi Zhang Xuezhong Wang Fang Bi Hao Zhang Jian Gao Fahe Chai Xiaoxiu Lun Yizhen Chen Jian Gao Junyi Lv 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(9):150-167
Continuous observation of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene was carried out in a typical urban area of Beijing from March 2014 to February 2015, using an AirmoV OC online analyzer. Based on the analysis of the ambient level and variation characteristics of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene, the chemical reactivity was studied, and their sources were identified. Results showed that the concentrations of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene in the urban area of Beijing were lower than those in richly vegetated areas; the concentrations of isoprene were at a moderate level compared with those of previous studies of Beijing. Concentrations of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene showed different seasonal, monthly, daily and diurnal variations, and all of the three species showed higher level at night than those in the daytime as a whole, the variations of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene mainly influenced by emission of sources, photochemical reaction, and meteorological parameters. Isoprene was the largest contributor to the total OFP values than α-pinene and β-pinene. α-Pinene was the largest contributor to the total SOAFP values than isoprene and β-pinene in autumn, while isoprene was the largest one in other seasons. Isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene were derived mainly from biological sources; and α-pinene level were also affected by industrial sources. To reduce the concentrations of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene, it is necessary to scientifically select urban green plant species, and more strict control measures should be taken to reduce the emission of α-pinene from industrial sources, such as artificial flavors and resins synthesis processes. 相似文献
134.
氧化镁湿法烟气脱硫回收工艺的技术经济可行性初步分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了回收结晶硫酸镁的氧化镁湿法烟气脱硫工艺的基本工艺流程,在抛弃法脱硫系统上所作的工业试验证明了吸收液循环提浓MgSO4的可行性。参照工业硫酸镁生产工艺对130t/h燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫作了回收工艺的投资效益分析和整体工艺的经济性评价,结果表明回收工业硫酸镁具有良好的经济效益。 相似文献
135.
JAZ型絮凝剂对活性染料的絮凝效果 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文介绍了新近开发的JAZ絮凝凝剂地水样中活性艳红K-2BP,活性紫H-2R和活性黑K-BR染料的絮凝效果及PH值和投药比对脱色率的影响。在中性和弱酸性中絮凝效果好。投药比增大脱色率增加。对活性艳红和活性紫,起始浓度增加则达到88.5%脱色率的投药比降低。对三种活性染料配水和活性 染料配水和活性黑染料生产水脱色率均可达到99%,处理液残余色度在20倍以下。 相似文献
136.
Pine needles collected from 22 sites of six areas in Beijing city, China, were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) combined with organic extraction for extractable organohalogens (EOX) and extractable persistent organohalogens (EPOX). The concentrations of EOX (EOX = ECl + EOBr + EOI) were in the order of EOCl > EOBr > EOI. About 1.6-34% of EOCl remained as extractable persistent organochlorine (EPOCl) after treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid, which suggested that major fractions of EOCl in pine needles were an acid-liable or acid-soluble fraction. The fact that pine needle contained higher EOCl contents in chemical industrial and traffic hub areas indicated that chemical industries and exhaust emission from vehicle were the main sources of organochlorines in the Beijing's air. The relative proportions of the known organochlorines (such as HCHs, DDTs, chlordanes, HCB and PCBs) to total EOCl and EPOCl were 0.32-0.76% and 2.5-11.4%, respectively, which implied that a major portion of the EOCl and EPOCl measured in pine needles was unknown. The organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and PCBs concentrations in six areas were as follows: sigma HCH (sigma HCH = alpha- + beta- + gamma- + delta-HCH), 11.7-20.8 ng/g; sigma DDT (p,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE + p,p'-DDD), 12.5-113.3 ng/g; hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 1.1-5.3 ng/g; sigma chlordane (cis-chlordane + trans-chlordane + heptachlor), 1.7-9.5 ng/g, sigma PCB, 41.8-270.5 ng/g, on dry weight basis. The samples from chemical industrial area and residential area nearby chemical industries contained the highest concentrations of sigma DDT, HCB, sigma chlordane and sigma PCB, while the contamination levels of most OCPs and PCBs in iron-steel industrial area were the lowest. The ratios of alpha/gamma-HCH (ranged from 0.9-1.5) and p,p'-DDT/DDTs (ranged from 72.1% to 91.0%) revealed the presence of the recent use of lindane and DDTs or impure dicofol in Beijing. 相似文献
137.
混凝絮凝法去除腐质酸的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
进行了混凝絮凝法去除水中腐殖酸的研究,结果表明,同传统的絮凝剂相比,微生物絮凝剂不仅用量少,去除效果好(去除率可达60%),而且不产生二次污染,可应用于废水特别是给水中腐殖酸的去除工艺中,对絮凝剂的絮凝机理进行了初步研究,研究表明,微生物絮凝剂去除腐殖酸主要是通过架桥完成的,不同于A12(SO4)3的电中和机理。 相似文献
138.
139.
Tingting Yue Fahe Chai Jingnan Hu Ming Ji Xiaofeng Bao Zhenhua Li Liqang He Lei Zu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(10):193-199
The natural gas vehicle market is rapidly developing throughout the world, and the majority of such vehicles operate on compressed natural gas(CNG). However, most studies on the emission characteristics of CNG vehicles rely on laboratory chassis dynamometer measurements, which do not accurately represent actual road driving conditions. To further investigate the emission characteristics of CNG vehicles, two CNG city buses and two CNG coaches were tested on public urban roads and highway sections. Our results show that when speeds of 0–10 km/hr were increased to 10–20 km/hr, the CO_2, CO, nitrogen oxide(NO_x), and total hydrocarbon(THC) emission factors decreased by(71.6 ± 4.3)%,(65.6 ± 9.5)%,(64.9 ± 9.2)% and(67.8 ± 0.3)%, respectively. In this study, The Beijing city buses with stricter emission standards(Euro Ⅳ) did not have lower emission factors than the Chongqing coaches with Euro Ⅱ emission standards. Both the higher emission factors at 0–10 km/hr speeds and the higher percentage of driving in the low-speed regime during the entire road cycle may have contributed to the higher CO_2 and CO emission factors of these city buses. Additionally, compared with the emission factors produced in the urban road tests, the CO emission factors of the CNG buses in highway tests decreased the most(by 83.2%), followed by the THC emission factors, which decreased by 67.1%. 相似文献
140.