Application of interface material and effects of oxygen gradient on the performance of single-chamber sediment microbial fuel cells (SSMFCs)

Single-chamber sediment microbial fuel cells(SSMFCs) have received considerable attention nowadays because of their unique dual-functionality of power generation and enhancement of wastewater treatment performance. Thus, scaling up or upgrading SSMFCs for enhanced and efficient performance is a highly crucial task. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, an innovative physical technique of using interface layers with four different pore sizes embedded in the middle of SSMFCs was utilized in this study.Experimental results showed that the performance of SSMFCs employing an interface layer was improved regardless of the pore size of the interface material, compared to those without such layers. The use of an interface layer resulted in a positive and significant effect on the performance of SSMFCs because of the effective prevention of oxygen diffusion from the cathode to the anode. Nevertheless, when a smaller pore size interface was utilized, better power performance and COD degradation were observed. A maximum power density of 0.032 mW/m~2 and COD degradation of 47.3% were obtained in the case of an interface pore size of 0.28 μm. The findings in this study are of significance to promote the future practical application of SSMFCs in wastewater treatment plants.     

城市生活垃圾无害化处理工艺

根据武汉市金口、郭茨口两个垃圾处理场情况 ,分析了城市生活垃圾处理现状及其危害 ,阐述了生活垃圾无害化处理工艺 ,提出生活垃圾无害化处理不仅可以实现资源的持续利用 ,而且奠定了城市可持续发展的基础     

青海省西宁市和天峻县大气颗粒物中有机氯农药和类二噁英多氯联苯的水平与分布

本研究测定了青海省西宁市与海西蒙古族藏族自治州天峻县夏、冬两季大气颗粒物中有机氯农药(OCPs)和类二噁英多氯联苯(DL-PCBs)的浓度水平.结果表明,青海省大气颗粒物中OCPs主要为DDTs、HCHs.西宁市DDTs和HCHs的平均水平分别为:35 pg·m-3、5.9 pg·m-3(夏季)和93 pg·m-3、11 pg·m-3(冬季),天峻县DDTs和HCHs的平均水平分别为:83pg·m-3、6.4 pg·m-3(夏季)和28 pg·m-3、6.7 pg·m-3(冬季).与亚洲其它地区相比,青海省大气颗粒物中OCPs处于较低水平.西宁市大气颗粒物中DL-PCBs的平均水平分别为:0.52 pg·m-3(夏季),0.99 pg·m-3(冬季),天峻县为:0.58 pg·m-3(夏季)、0.52 pg·m-3(冬季).西宁市夏、冬两季OCPs的平均水平均大于天峻县,而两地DL-PCBs的平均水平相当.本研究中高原地区DL-PCBs的分布特点及变化规律与极地地区的研究相比存在一定的相似性,而DDTs和HCHs则存在差异性.     

内配燃料垃圾焚烧飞灰烧结无害化处理实验研究

研究了一种垃圾焚烧飞灰烧结无害化处理的工艺,该工艺是将飞灰与不同比例煤粉混合并添加助熔剂进行造粒烧结。通过对试样进行热流和热重测量,分析了飞灰试样在加热过程中热重变化的规律,并利用XRD、扫描电镜、氮吸附分析仪等仪器分析手段对烧结试样的物相、微观形态和孔隙特性等物理化学性质进行了研究。最后采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪对烧结试样重金属浸出性进行了分析。实验结果为飞灰烧结炉的设计和内配燃料烧结工艺运行参数的制定提供了依据。     

三维双阴极-电Fenton法处理腌制酸菜废水的试验研究

采用三维双阴极-电Fenton法处理腌制酸菜废水,通过正交试验考察了酸菜废水中有机物去除的影响因素及其处理效果,并优化了试验条件。试验结果表明:各因素对酸菜废水COD去除率的影响程度大小依次为:pH值电流密度Fe2+用量活性炭用量极板间距电解质Na2SO4用量电解温度;通过对比分析两种电解方式对酸菜废水的处理效果,结果显示三维双阴极-电Fenton法处理酸菜废水时产生的H2O2量、电流效率、溶液中Fe2+浓度以及废水的COD去除率均高于传统单电极-电Fenton法,并分析了反应机理。三维双阴极-电Fenton法用于腌制酸菜废水处理切实可行、效果明显,为实际废水处理提供了参考。     

关于排污权交易市场设置的探索研究

排污权交易在我国经过了近30年的探索和实践,仍然停留在试点工作上的原因在于该制度的推广还存在一些困难。本文针对我国部分排污权交易试点地区由于市场容量过小,导致排污权供给不足,出现供不应求情况的问题,以山西省排污权交易开展现状为例,从人口、经济、政策环境等方面对影响市场设置的因素作出初步探索和分析,认为按照省级行政区域来划分市场范围是目前比较合理的选择,可以充分发挥排污权交易机制在市场资源配置方面的作用。     

再生水补给型城市景观水体的水生生物群落特征—以圆明园为例

为了解圆明园水环境生态和生物多样性现状,掌握圆明园生态修复区长期恢复状况,于2017年对圆明园水系末端长春园开展水质、大型水生植物、蜻蜓目(Odonata)昆虫、鱼类(Piscium)和软甲动物(Malacostraca)的调查.结果表明:圆明园经过园区内水生生物群落的净化作用,水质基本达到地表Ⅲ类～Ⅳ类水体标准,属于...     

微污染饮用水生物过滤影响因素的研究

通过试验探讨了过滤介质、空床接触时间、水温和反冲洗方式对生物过滤去除有机物的影响。试验结果表明 :活性炭、石英砂组成的双层滤料生物滤池对高锰酸盐指数、UV2 5 4的去除效果比无烟煤、石英砂组成的双层滤料滤池和单层石英砂滤料滤池好 ;在一定的范围内 ,随着接触时间或水温的增加 ,各滤柱对高锰酸盐指数的去除率增加 ;加氯水反冲洗方式对生物滤池去除高锰酸盐指数、UV2 5 4的影响比未加氯水反冲洗方式大     

Detecting forest landcape boundary between Mountain Birch and evergreen eoniferous forest in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain

Boundaries between different forest types in Changbai Mountain Eatern China are results from complex interactions between forest ecosystems,topogrphy,and geomorphology.Detecting and quantifying the transitional zones are highly important since high environmental beterogeneity and biodiversity are ofter found within these zpmes.In this study,we used GIS and multivariate statistics techniques(PCA and MSWA) to analyze data from Landsat TM satellite imageries and quantitatively determined the positions and widths of the landscape boundary betweeen mountain birch and evergreen coniferous forests in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.The results showed that the widths of the landscape boundary ranges from 30-50 m while using the MWW A or/and PC method.Such detected widths are consistent with field transect data that suggest a 50m tranistional zone width.The results further suggest that TM data can be used in combination with GIS and statistical techniques in determining forest landscape boundaries.MSWA is more reliable than PCA,while PCA can also be used to determine the landscape boundary when transects are properly located.     

沙湖湿地的生态环境健康评价的研究

通过对生态系统健康评价体系的研究,以沙湖为例进行论证,最终得出沙湖生态系统健康度为0.32,属于不健康,制约沙湖不健康的疾病因子在于：湿地的补水水质差,导致湿地水质污染加重,富营养化现象严重,并且由于人为因素,导致物种多样性逐年下降,以上因素最终导致了沙湖湿地生态系统抗干扰能力下降,湖区湿地健康水平较低,根据对沙湖湿地功能的分析,最终设计出了沙湖湿地生态系统健康恢复技术方案。