川西亚高山人工云杉林和自然恢复演替系列的林地水文效应

通过对人工云杉林及自然恢复演替系列林地苔藓、枯落物和土壤的野外调查与室内实验,分析了川西亚高山森林恢复过程中的林地水文效应。结果表明:林地苔藓及枯落物蓄积量随林龄增大而增加,最大持水量也相应增加。10a、30a生人工云杉林苔藓、枯落物蓄积量和最大持水量都显著高于同龄的自然恢复类型;40a生人工云杉林苔藓、枯落物蓄积量显著高于同龄的针阔混交林,但二者最大持水量之间差异并不显著。人工云杉林苔藓和枯落物的最大持水率均低于自然恢复演替系列。70a生人工云杉林苔藓与枯落物最大持水量之和已接近原始冷杉林。各类型林分土壤容重均随土壤深度增加而增大,最大持水量、毛管持水量和最小持水量则降低。土壤0～40cm最大持水量在各林龄人工云杉林之间差异显著,但与恢复阶段没有关系,并不随林龄的增大而增加;在自然恢复演替系列之间差异不显著。人工云杉林地水文效应的增强快于自然恢复过程,表现在人工云杉林苔藓与枯落物蓄积量及最大持水量的增加快于自然恢复过程。     

陕北红碱淖湖泊变化和生态需水初步研究

红碱淖位于陕北风沙区,是我国沙漠中最大的淡水湖,对当地生态环境保护具有重要作用。论文通过对陕北红碱淖湖泊的考察和调研,调查分析了湖泊近年来的变化趋势和流域的生态环境现状。在流域水资源开发利用分析和耗水计算基础上,初步定量评价了湖泊变化的主要影响因素。计算结果表明,红碱淖近年的萎缩主要是由于当地气候持续干旱的影响,目前该湖泊仍处于负均衡状态。根据湖泊对于当地生态环境的重要性,确定了湖泊保护的最小目标和适宜目标,根据水量平衡计算,确定了最小和适宜的生态需水量。通过对流域社会经济用水和生态建设用水研究,提出了湖泊保护的对策建议。     

THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON STREAM FLOW AND NUTRIENT LOADING'

ABSTRACT: This study assesses the potential impact of climate change on stream flow and nutrient loading in six watersheds of the Susquehanna River Basin using the Generalized Watershed Loading Function (GWLF). The model was used to simulate changes in stream flow and nutrient loads under a transient climate change scenario for each watershed. Under an assumption of no change in land cover and land management, the model was used to predict monthly changes in stream flow and nutrient loads for future climate conditions. Mean annual stream flow and nutrient loads increased for most watersheds, but decreased in one watershed that was intensively cultivated. Nutrient loading slightly decreased in April and late summer for several watersheds as a result of early snowmelt and increasing evapotranspiration. Spatial and temporal variability of stream flow and nutrient loads under the transient climate scenario indicates that different approaches for future water resource management may be useful.     

中学语文教学中加强环境教育的尝试

在语文课文中挖掘环境教育的内容 　　中学语文课文涉及的范围非常广泛,从 3000年前的《诗经》时代到 20世纪的高科技时代,中外作品中的各种人物生活的环境为我们提供了环境教育的广泛基础。 　　1.美好的环境是大自然对人类的恩赐 　　语文课文中,人类居住的地球是多么美好：蓝天、白云、青山、绿水、鸟语、花香,为人类生存提供了必不可少的物质基础,同时也为人类追求美提供了精神方面的条件。 　　在《诗经》中,作者向我们描绘了 3000多年前中国北方黄河上的美丽景象：“关关雎鸠,在河之洲。”在黄河中间的小块岛屿上,雎鸠正在那…     

Particle size distribution and anion content at a traffic site in Sha-Lu, Taiwan.

Ambient air particle concentrations were sampled by two total suspended particle (TSP) samplers, PM10/PM2.5 specific sampler and micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) during July-October 2000 at a traffic sampling site in central Taiwan. The average TSP concentration (194 microg/m3) was about a factor of two higher than that of the fraction <2.5 microm (93.2 microg/m3). The mean level of the fraction <10 microm collected by MOUDI (93.2 microg/m3) was about 1 1/2 times higher than that of the size class <2.5 microm (43.8 microg/m3). Furthermore, this fraction showed a certain correlation with the TSP concentration. The particle size distribution was bimodal in the ambient air at the traffic site. The major peaks appear at particle diameters between 0.56-1.0 and 3.2-5.6 microm. The percentages of anions contained in TSP were 0.24% F-, 13.7% Cl, 0.52% Br, 12.0% NO-, 18.9% NO2-, and 54.6% SO2-. The Cl-, NO2-, and NO3- size distributions were all unimodal and the major peaks appeared at 3.2-5.6 microm. The SO2 size distribution was bimodal, with major peaks at 0.32-0.56 and 3.2-5.6.     

污水土地处理技术研究的最新进展

本文以地下渗滤系统、慢速渗滤系统为例 ,介绍了污水土地处理技术研究的最新进展 ,指出加速污水土地处理技术产业化的进程必将大大促进我国的环境保护与生态建设工作 ,并带来巨大的环境、经济与社会效益。     

张家口坝上地区环境与经济协调发展浅析

张家口坝上地区自然条件较差,是河北省及全国范围内经济发展为落后的地区,,发展经济与改善环境是本区所面临的两大难题。本文对其经济与环境间的相互影响进行了分析,并以可持续发展为理论基础,提出了开发水资源,发展灌溉农业,实现粮食稳定自给和退耕还牧,改善生态环境的发展对策。     

Late-onset growth restriction in Galloway–Mowat syndrome: a case report

Galloway–Mowat syndrome (GMS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder and is characterized by marked intrauterine growth retardation, central nervous system anomalies, and early onset nephrotic syndrome. Of the reported cases in the literature, all were diagnosed postnatally. We describe a case of GMS in which only late-onset intrauterine growth restriction was detected by prenatal ultrasound. In her fourth pregnancy, the mother had delivered a male baby with clinical features of GMS who died at seven months of age due to early onset of nephrotic syndrome. In her fifth pregnancy, serial ultrasound examinations were normal during the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Growth restriction and microcephaly were not detectable until 28 to 32 weeks' gestation. At 40 weeks' gestation, a female baby was born with dysmorphic features of GMS. Nephrotic syndrome developed after birth and renal biopsy revealed minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The prenatal course of this case suggests GMS may not be diagnosed in early pregnancy and the only abnormality detected before birth was intrauterine growth restriction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis of trichloroethylene-regulated toluene dioxygenase expression in Pseudomonas putida F1

Toluene dioxygenase (tod) is a multicomponent enzyme system in Pseudomonas putida F1. Tod can mediate the degradation of Trichloroethylene (TCE), a widespread pollutant. In this study, we try to explore the TCE-regulated tod expression by using real-time qRT-PCR. The minimal culture media were supplemented with glucose, toluene, or a mixture of glucose/toluene respectively as carbon and energy sources. The TCE was injected into each medium after a 12-hour incubation period. The TCE injection severely affected bacterial growth when cultured with toluene or toluene/glucose mixtures. The cell density dropped 61 % for bacteria growing in toluene and 36 % for bacteria in the glucose/toluene mixture after TCE injection, but the TCE treatment had little effect on bacteria supplied with glucose alone. The decrease in cell number was caused by the cytotoxicity of the TCE metabolized by tod. The results from the real-time qRT-PCR revealed that TCE was capable of inducing tod expression in a toluene-dependent manner and that the tod expression level increased 50 times in toluene and 3 times in the toluene/glucose mixture after 6 hours of TCE treatment. Furthermore, validation of the rpoD gene as a reference gene for P. putida F1 was performed in this study, providing a valuable foundation for future studies to use real-time qRT-PCR in the analysis of the P. putida F1 strain.     

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Recovery Efficiency from Stack Gas and Ambient Air

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are now recognized as presenting a severe environmental hazard because of their toxicity and persistence in the environment. High temperature combustion has been shown to be an effective method for destroying these compounds.¹ Unfortunately, few facilities are available for their destruction. As part of a feasibility study to convert a liquid-waste incinerator designed for waste fuel to a PCB waste, the sampling efficiency of toluene filled fritted impingers and Chromosorb 102 filled tubes was evaluated.