试论长江中游防洪减灾的工程对策

长江中游洪患自古乃中华民族的心腹大患,数百年来不得治愈的根本原因是没有做到对症下药。从洪患形成的地学环境分析和数百年抗洪经验总结来看,行洪不畅,泥沙淤积和长期以堵为主的抗洪方式是长江中游洪患得不倒根除的主要。疏－疏水和疏水是根治长江洪患的唯一出路,开辟分洪河道,疏沙淤垸降和蓄水分洪是长江中游共减灾的重要措施。     

铅碱性精炼废渣的资源化利用研究

介绍了铅碱性精炼废渣资源化利用工艺流程,探讨了该过程的工艺条件,讨论了有关影响因素.实验结果表明,经脱砷和脱铅后,Sb以锑精矿形式产出,可作为炼锑的原料;Pb以PbCl2或铅渣形式、Sn以锡渣形式产出,其品位较高,可作Pb或Sn冶金的原料;该工艺具有化工试剂消耗少、综合利用率高、污染小、易于实现大规模工业化等优点.     

整装催化转化器中CO氧化的数值模拟

研究整装催化转化器中CO氧化的起燃过程.建立了起燃过程数学模型,通过数值计算,分析和讨论了起燃过程中温度的变化,气流性质和催化剂性质各种参数对转化器起燃性能的影响.结果表明,在起燃过程中,壁温峰值的位置逐渐向催化剂入口处移动;固相导热系数在反应点火前后对壁温峰值位置的影响不同;增大CO浓度、增大气体流速、降低气体温度会延迟催化剂的起燃;缩短催化剂长度、增大孔密度有利于起燃.参数分析有助于反应器的设计和建模.     

澜沧铅矿井下有毒有害气体测评与控制

通过对井下作业点空气中CO、SO2、H2S、NO2和CO2等有毒有害气体的测定,将测定结果与进行比较,发现澜沧铅矿井下部分作业地点空气中CO、NO2和CO2浓度超过规定标准.根据分析、评价的结果,结合该矿实际情况,提出了控制井下有毒有害气体、改善井下空气质量的通风排毒等技术措施,以及防止井下有毒有害气体中毒的管理和个体防护措施.通过实施这些措施,使澜沧铅矿井下有毒有害气体得到了有效控制,其浓度达到了规定的要求.     

电除尘器集散控制系统的仿真研究

介绍了电除尘器集散控制系统的仿真研究。基于不同运行工况的需求，建立了一系列仿真数学模型；设计并开发了电除尘器集敢控制系统的仿真软件；通过仿真实验。验证了所建立的仿真数学模型正确合理。所开发的仿真软件能模拟电除尘器集散控制系统的全部功能。     

ESTIMATION OF SOIL MOISTURE FROM SEASAT SAR DATA1

ABSTRACT A study was made to determine if Seasat Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data could be used to make practical estimates of soil moisture. Extensive ground measurements were collected at two primary sites near Guymon, Oklahoma, and Sublette, Kansas. The relative sensitivity of the SAR to differences in soil moisture, tillage roughness, and vegetation was determined. To validate the effects detected in the SAR data, an airborne scatterometer with a similar wavelength was flown repeatedly over the Guymon site. Soil moisture variations in the surface 2 cm and surface 15 cm of fields with bare soil, milo and alfalfa produce similar responses in the scattering coefficient from both systems. Roughness due to tillage in row crops produced as much as 12–15 dB increase in the scatterometer return. Most agricultural vegetation was effectively penetrated by the L-band frequencies; however, corn produced an exceptionally high radar return either standing or after combine harvesting. When corn had ripened, there was some evidence that tillage roughness could be detected through the canopy. Moderate tillage roughness produced by grain drill furrows caused over 12 dB increase in return when row directions changed from parallel to perpendicular with respect to the SAR look direction. Dramatic increases in return occurred when vegetation surfaces were wet. Increased radar returns from tillage roughness, some vegetation and wet vegetation surfaces, all dyanmic in nature, were significant and may limit the practical estimation of soil moisture from the radar data.     

油田企业环境应急体系建设初探

石油石化行业生产工艺复杂,容易发生各种环境事件。建立突发事件环境应急体系,对于提高企业综合处置能力,预防和控制次生灾害,促进油田企业全面、协调、可持续发展具有重要意义。文中给出了油田企业应急预案的基本框架及注意事项,阐述了应从哪几个方面进行环境风险的识别与评价以及削减环境风险的措施,并对环境应急体系长效机制的建立进行了探讨。     

秦皇岛海滨森林公园森林景观改造探讨

秦皇岛海滨森林公园是秦皇岛沿海防护林的重要组成部分，也是秦皇岛重要的城市森林公园之一。针对秦皇岛海滨森林公园阔叶树多、针叶树少、树种单一、林龄老化、景观单调的现状．探讨了森林公园景观改造的原则、措施和技术，并描绘了景观改造后的效果。     

OPTIMUM USE OF PADDY FIELDS FOR FLOOD MITIGATION1

In Taiwan, the continuously increasing levels of rice imports are likely to result in surplus paddy fields. Hence, the surplus paddy fields may be developed into wetlands to increase ground water recharge, provide appropriate environments for wildlife, and most importantly, store flood water. This study developed a hydrological model incorporating the distributed rainfall‐runoff model based on the kinematics wave approach and the distributed tank model for simulation, respectively, in mountainous and flat areas. The hydrological model was found to simulate the rainfall‐runoff behavior well in the study area. Furthermore, a decision method based on the genetic algorithm concepts was proposed to give policy makers the optimal location and area size of paddy fields to construct wetlands for flood mitigation.     

Biodegradation of nonylphenol in river sediment

We investigated the biodegradation of nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO) and nonylphenol (NP) by aerobic microbes in sediment samples collected at four sites along the Erren River in southern Taiwan. Aerobic degradation rate constants (k1) and half-lives (t1/2) for NP (2 microg g(-1)) ranged from 0.007 to 0.051 day(-1) and 13.6 to 99.0 days, respectively; for NP1EO (2 microg g(-1)) the ranges were 0.006 to 0.010 day(-1) and 69.3 to 115.5 days. Aerobic degradation rates for NP and NP1EO were enhanced by shaking and increased temperature, and delayed by the addition of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, phthalic acid esters (PAEs), and NaCl, as well as by reduced levels of ammonium, phosphate, and sulfate. Of the microorganism strains isolated from the sediment samples, we found that strain JC1 (identified as Pseudomonas sp.) expressed the best biodegrading ability. Also noted was the presence of 4'-amino-acetophenone, an intermediate product resulting from the aerobic degradation of NP by Pseudomonas sp.