Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in biosolids from municipal wastewater treatment plants in China

Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) along with methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have been frequently identified as natural compounds in marine environment and also assumed as metabolites of PBDEs. In the present study, nine OH-PBDE, nine MeO-PBDE and 10 PBDE congeners were studied in the sewage sludge collected from 36 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 27 cities of China. The results suggest that OH-PBDEs and PBDEs are ubiquitous in sewage sludge in China, however, methoxylated PBDEs were not detectable. Composition profiles of detected OH-PBDE congeners were different depending on the sampling location. ΣOH-PBDEs in WWTPs sludge ranged from 0.04 to 2.24 ng g^?1 dry weight (mean: 0.35 ng g^?1 dry weight). The total amount of the two most prominent congeners (6-OH-BDE-47 + 2′-OH-BDE-68) accounted for about 53.3–100% of the sum of all six identified congeners. A significant linear relationship was found between 6-OH-BDE-47 and 2′-OH-BDE-68. A distinct geographical distribution of ΣOH-PBDEs was observed with greater concentrations of OH-PBDEs at coastal areas than inland regions in China.     

Shaping effects of rice,wheat, maize,and soybean seedlings on their rhizosphere microbial community

The rhizosphere microbiome plays critical roles in plant growth and is an important interface for resource exchange between plants and the soil environment. Crops at various growing stages, especially the seedling stage, have strong shaping effects on the rhizosphere microbial community, and such community reconstruction will positively feed back to the plant growth. In the present study, we analyzed the variations of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of four crop species: rice, soybean, maize, and wheat during successive cultivations (three repeats for the seedling stages) using 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) high-throughput sequencing. We found that the relative abundances of specific microorganisms decreased after different cultivation times, e.g., Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Rhodanobacter, and Caulobacter, which have been reported as plant-growth beneficial bacteria. The relative abundances of potential plant pathogenic fungi Myrothecium and Ascochyta increased with the successive cultivation times. The co-occurrence network analysis showed that the bacterial and fungal communities under maize were much more stable than those under rice, soybean, and wheat. The present study explored the characteristics of bacteria and fungi in crop seedling rhizosphere and indicated that the characteristics of indigenous soil flora might determine the plant growth status. Further study will focus on the use of the critical microorganisms to control the growth and yield of specific crops.

     

A critical review on adsorption and recovery of fluoride from wastewater by metal-based adsorbents

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Rapid industrialization is deteriorating water quality, and fluoride pollution in water is one of the most serious environmental pollution problems....     

负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂的制备及其降解水中微量间二甲苯的研究

采用浸涂-烧结法制备的纳米TiO2光催化剂负载量约为6mg／g载体,催化剂经5次重复使用其催化效果稳定,表明催化剂表面TiO2粉体负载牢固;以高压汞灯为光源,对水中微量间二甲苯的负载型纳米TiO2光催化氧化过程的研究表明：初始浓度在6．68～17．36mg／L的范围内,间二甲苯的光催化反应遵循表现一级反应动力学规律,反应的表现速率常数随溶液初始浓度的增大而减小,半衰期则随初始浓度的增大而增加。     

Testing the efficacy of camera-trap sampling designs for monitoring giant pandas in a heterogeneous landscape

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The use of camera traps is prevalent in the ecological study of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The reliability of camera-trap surveying...     

Impacts of groundwater level fluctuation on soil microbial community,alkane degradation efficiency and alkane-degrading gene diversity in the critical zone: Evidence from an accelerated water table fluctuation simulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Petroleum hydrocarbons are hazardous to ecosystems and human health, commonly containing n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Previous...     

无机阳离子对TiO2光催化降解染料的影响

考察了 6种无机阳离子对P-25TiO2 光催化降解染料的影响,结果发现,Cu2+,Mn2+和Ni2+对光催化反应有强烈的抑制作用,Ca2+,Mg2+和Al3+对光催化反应速率无明显的负影响.经X光电能谱(XPS)的分析,确定锰离子以氧化物的形式沉积在氧化钛表面,使催化剂不可逆的中毒.Cu2+和Ni2+通过俘获光致电子导致催化活性降低.     

综合管廊燃气舱结构形式对燃气爆炸超压的影响

为研究地下综合管廊燃气舱结构形式对燃气爆炸超压的影响,采用数值模拟的方法,改变燃气舱高度,通风分区长度和局部开口大小,分析不同情况下的燃气爆炸超压变化规律.结果表明:冲击波传播速度随燃气舱高度的增加而减小,随着高度的增加,超压峰值曲线由\"驼峰状\"逐渐变为两端高中间低的\"盆形\",爆炸过程产生的最大超压与高度成反比关系.超...     

磺胺甲恶唑胁迫对2种微塑料上细菌群落和抗性基因影响的初步研究

微塑料异质性生物膜成为抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)传播扩散的潜在汇。抗生素胁迫浓度以及微塑料种类对其生物膜上ARGs时间动态演化特征的影响目前尚不明确。本研究以聚乙烯和聚苯乙烯作为代表性的微塑料,研究低(10 μg·L^-1)、中(100 μg·L^-1)、高浓度(1 000 μg·L^-1)磺胺甲恶唑(sulfamethoxazole, SMX)胁迫下,微塑料生物膜上磺胺类抗性基因(sul1和sul2)、Ⅰ类整合子整合酶基因(intI1)和细菌群落的动态演化特征及其关联性。结果表明,2种不同微塑料上ARGs相对丰度无显著差异,但SMX胁迫作用明显提高ARGs丰度并促进ARGs的传播扩散,尤其是高浓度SMX具有最显著的胁迫作用;高浓度SMX胁迫下ARGs具有明显的时间序列演化特征,中浓度胁迫下ARGs无明显变化,低浓度胁迫仅在第60天对ARGs具有明显的促进作用;2种微塑料生物膜上细菌群落组成结构具有差异性特征,然而与ARGs强关联性的细菌在门水平无显著性差异。尽管2种微塑料上细菌属与ARGs共现模式存在差异,但未对不同微塑料上ARGs的相对丰度产生差异性影响。微塑料生物膜上intI1与ARGs具有明显的相关性,但2种微塑料上intI1无明显差异,未引起不同种类微塑料上ARGs差异性分布。     

纳米乳化油强化硝酸盐反硝化产气变化研究

为探究纳米乳化油原位修复硝酸盐污染地下水过程中产气对含水介质渗透性的影响,以硝酸盐为目标污染物,采用活性污泥滤液接种,分别以纳米乳化油、吐温80和司盘80为碳源开展硝酸盐降解批实验研究,探讨和评估硝酸盐降解及降解过程中的产气情况.结果显示,纳米乳化油、吐温80和司盘80均能促进硝氮的降解,在实验的100d内,共完成7个周期硝酸盐氮的有效去除,总去除率分别为79.5%、63.8%和68.8%.在硝酸盐氮降解过程中,受厌氧发酵和反硝化作用的影响,各反应体系中均有气体生成,只有活性污泥反应体系中主要产气成分是CO₂,未加碳源和分别加3种碳源的4个反应体系（都添加活性污泥和硝酸盐）中主要产气成分是CO₂、N₂.其中,添加纳米乳化油的反应体系U型管产气量最大,为47.73mL;受碳源厌氧发酵的影响,添加司盘80反应体系总产气量最大,为205.34mL.纳米乳化油反应体系次之,吐温80反应体系最小.根据三氮的变化,结合纳米乳化油反应体系理论与实际产气对比显示,在纳米乳化油强化硝酸盐反硝化过程中,18.8%纳米乳化油厌氧发酵产生CO₂,95.4%硝氮反硝化生成N₂.