人工边坡破裂面的最短路径搜索方法及其应用

文章运用Dijkstra最短路径算法确定土体中最危险的潜在破裂面,通过弹塑性有限元模拟基坑开挖过程, 计算土体的位移和应力以及评价基坑的稳定性。文中较详细地叙述了这种基于有限元分析技术和组合优化法来确定土坡中最危险的潜在破裂面的原理和实施过程,并给出了计算实例,进行了相应的讨论。     

配水管网中与有机物反应的余氯衰减动力学模型

提出一级二级反应组合动力学模型,用大量实验数据拟合模型中的参数,模拟配水管网系统中余氯衰减的水体消耗部分.该模型定量反应了温度T、初始氯浓度c₀和TOC与余氯衰减之间的复杂关系.除初始阶段外,组合模型可简化为一级反应模型;T、TOC和c₀与余氯衰减之间的关系分别可简化为指数关系、正线性关系和负线性关系.该模型较好地解释了余氯衰减在初始阶段进行相对较快这一现象.实验数据验证的结果表明:该组合模型与实验数据吻合良好,优于传统的一级反应模型.     

综采面高压注水联合高压喷雾二级防尘技术研究

综采工作面的粉尘防治一直是煤矿安全工作的重点和难题之一。结合双鸭山矿区新安矿综采工作面的实际状况,采用现场煤层高压注水实验方法,研究了高压注水条件下煤体增湿的规律;运用注水实验数据进行反演数值试验,优化煤层高压注水数学模型内部参数,利用注水数值模拟试验确定了综采工作面煤层高压注水减尘技术的最优参数;运用了高压喷雾降尘效率模型数值模拟方法,分析确定了综采工作面采煤机外置高压喷雾降尘的最优参数,研发了孔径为1.2 mm的7孔高压集成喷嘴。新安二矿、三矿煤层高压注水联合高压喷雾二级防尘技术应用效果表明:通过二级联合防尘措施,工作面全尘去除率高达96%,呼吸性粉尘去除率高达94%。     

Assessment of total and organic vanadium levels and their bioaccumulation in edible sea cucumbers: tissues distribution,inter-species-specific,locational differences and seasonal variations

The objective of this study is to investigate the levels, inter-species-specific, locational differences and seasonal variations of vanadium in sea cucumbers and to validate further several potential factors controlling the distribution of metals in sea cucumbers. Vanadium levels were evaluated in samples of edible sea cucumbers and were demonstrated exhibit differences in different seasons, species and sampling sites. High vanadium concentrations were measured in the sea cucumbers, and all of the vanadium detected was in an organic form. Mean vanadium concentrations were considerably higher in the blood (sea cucumber) than in the other studied tissues. The highest concentration of vanadium (2.56 μg g⁻¹), as well as a higher degree of organic vanadium (85.5 %), was observed in the Holothuria scabra samples compared with all other samples. Vanadium levels in Apostichopus japonicus from Bohai Bay and Yellow Sea have marked seasonal variations. Average values of 1.09 μg g⁻¹ of total vanadium and 0.79 μg g⁻¹ of organic vanadium were obtained in various species of sea cucumbers. Significant positive correlations between vanadium in the seawater and V _org in the sea cucumber (r = 81.67 %, p = 0.00), as well as between vanadium in the sediment and V _org in the sea cucumber (r = 77.98 %, p = 0.00), were observed. Vanadium concentrations depend on the seasons (salinity, temperature), species, sampling sites and seawater environment (seawater, sediment). Given the adverse toxicological effects of inorganic vanadium and positive roles in controlling the development of diabetes in humans, a regular monitoring programme of vanadium content in edible sea cucumbers can be recommended.

     

Impact of biochar produced from post-harvest residue on the adsorption behavior of diesel oil on loess soil

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of biochar, produced from wheat residue at different temperatures, on the adsorption of diesel oil by loess soil. Kinetic and equilibrium data were processed to understand the adsorption mechanism of diesel by biochar-affected loess soil; dynamic and thermodynamic adsorption experiments were conducted to characterize this adsorption. The surface features and chemical structure of biochar, modified at varying pyrolytic temperatures, were investigated using surface scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The kinetic data showed that the adsorption of diesel oil onto loess soil could be described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with the rate-controlling step being intraparticle diffusion. However, in the presence of biochar, boundary layer control and intraparticle diffusion were both involved in the adsorption. Besides, the adsorption equilibrium data were well described by the Freundlich isothermal model. The saturated adsorption capacity weakened as temperature increased, suggesting a spontaneous exothermic process. Thermodynamic parameter analysis showed that adsorption was mainly a physical process and was enhanced by chemical adsorption. The adsorption capacity of loess soil for diesel oil was weakened with increasing pH. The biochar produced by pyrolytic wheat residue increased the adsorption behavior of petroleum pollutants in loess soil.

     

不同放牧强度对高寒草甸生态系统呼吸的早期影响

放牧是高寒草甸一种重要的利用方式,对土壤理化性质和植被会产生重要影响,研究放牧对高寒草甸生态系统呼吸的影响对估算碳交换和制定合理放牧政策具有重要意义.利用静态箱-气象色谱法,于2012年8月到2013年7月在青藏高原东缘高寒草甸对轻度、中度和重度3种放牧强度下的生态系统呼吸进行每月至少一次的连续观测,以估算高寒草甸生态系统呼吸,并探讨放牧强度对生态系统呼吸的作用.结果显示:轻度、中度和重度放牧条件下,年均生态系统呼吸(以C计)分别为226.33±62.30、213.63±53.22和215.15±53.19 mg m~(-2) h~(-1),三者之间无显著差异(P0.05);在生长季生态系统呼吸分别为367.97±47.86、324.62±44.95和348.37±43.10 mg m~(-2) h~(-1),在非生长季生态系统呼吸分别为105.81±22.13、96.55±14.69和110.61±16.89 mg m~(-2) h~(-1),在不同放牧强度下生态系统呼吸均表现出明显的季节特征,但在相同季节不同放牧强度间生态系统呼吸差异不显著;月累积降水量与生态系统呼吸呈显著正相关关系;该区域放牧地生态系统平均年累积呼吸为472.63 g m~(-2) h~(-1).本研究表明,在试验初期不同放牧强度对生态系统呼吸无显著作用.     

不同碳源驯化除磷污泥的除磷效果及菌群结构分析

采用SBR反应器,分别以乙酸钠、甘油、丙酸钠为单一碳源,在严格厌氧/缺氧条件下驯化培养反硝化除磷污泥,考察不同碳源对反硝化除磷效果的影响,并采用高通量测序技术研究了不同碳源除磷污泥的菌群结构,分析其中除磷菌所占比例. 结果表明,以乙酸钠、甘油、丙酸钠为碳源的各系统出水中,ρ(TP)平均值分别为0.79、0.98、0.29 mg/L,TP去除率分别为82.5%、79.2%、93.4%. 取自污水厂的种泥微生物多样性最高;其次为以甘油驯化的污泥和以乙酸钠与丙酸钠培养的污泥,二者表现出相似的多样性与菌群结构. 各反应器中的污泥在“纲”与“目”分类级别上分别均以β-Proteobacteria与Rhodocyclales占主导. 稳定期乙酸钠、甘油、丙酸钠为碳源的系统中的除磷菌所占比例分别为9.5%、8.0%、41.5%,以丙酸钠为碳源的系统中除磷菌所占比例最高. 对于厌氧/缺氧系统,与以乙酸钠、甘油相比,丙酸钠为碳源时系统的除磷效果更好,并且有利于除磷菌的富集.      

Assessment of temporal and spatial variations in water quality using multivariate statistical methods： a case study of the Xin＇anjiang River,China

This study evaluated the temporal and spatial variations of water quality data sets for the Xin＇anjiang River through the use of multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis （CA）, discriminant analysis （DA）, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis （PCA）. The water samples, measured by ten parameters, were collected every month for three years （2008-2010） from eight sampling stations located along the river. The hierarchical CA classified the 12 months into three periods （First, Second and Third Period） and the eight sampling sites into three groups （Groups 1, 2 and 3） based on seasonal differences and various pollution levels caused by physicochemical properties and anthropogenic activ- ities. DA identified three significant parameters （tempera- ture, pH and E.coli） to distinguish temporal groups with close to 76% correct assignment. The DA also discovered five parameters （temperature, electricity conductivity, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus） for spatial variation analysis, with 80.56% correct assignment. The non-parametric correlation coefficient （Spear- man R） explained the relationship between the water quality parameters and the basin characteristics, and the GIS made the results visual and direct. The PCA identified four PCs for Groups 1 and 2, and three PCs for Group 3. These PCs captured 68.94%, 67.48% and 70.35% of the total variance of Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Although natural pollution affects the Xin＇anjiang River, the main sources of pollution included agricultural activities, industrial waste, and domestic wastewater.     

318国道沿线芦山地震的震害特征与烈度区划探讨

针对318国道雅安市政府路段向西一直到二郎山隧道东端沿线两侧的芦山地震震害特征进行总结,并按照《中国地震烈度表》进行地震烈度区划,确定不同地震烈度圈的分界线。同时,将调查结果和中国地震局发布的四川省芦山"4·20"7.0级强烈地震烈度图进行比较。研究表明:318国道沿线地震烈度全部低于Ⅸ度,Ⅷ度区的边界以天全县始阳镇为界即往东约偏移3 km,Ⅶ度区的边界以天全县紫石乡为界即往东偏移约2 km,Ⅵ度区的边界以二郎山隧道东端为界即往东偏移约8 km。同时,根据不同地震烈度圈的分界线,结合微观震中的位置,采用椭圆拟合芦山地震各烈度的等值线,探讨不同地震烈度圈的长半轴、短半轴和面积等。     

采空区精确建模信息系统实体模型交互接口开发

随着矿业的快速发展,Surpac,Dimine,3DMine等三维矿业软件在矿业领域得到了广泛的应用。为进一步完善自主研发的采空区激光扫描三维精确建模信息系统功能,在解析stl,dxf及dtm格式文件的数据结构及其三维实体数据存储规律的基础上,成功地开发了基于上述三种实体模型存储文件格式的采空区三维实体模型交互接口,实现了信息系统与目前主流三维矿业软件之间三维实体模型的交互。实用表明,所开发的接口能有效实现信息系统与其他三维矿业软件之间采空区三维模型的交互与共享,进一步完善了信息系统的模型数据输入输出功能,提高了其应用价值。