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Richao Cong Toru Matsumoto Wenchao Li He Xu Takamasa Hayashi Changjun Wang 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(4):1423-1436
With the rapid economic development in China, the amount of plastic waste (PW) generated has greatly increased and much of the waste is currently not treated. To reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from recycling of PW, we estimated the PW flow and considered methods to improve the household PW recycling system in Tianjin by adjusting processes during transportation and establishing a PW recycling factory in Zi’ya Industrial Park. The goal of the study was to identify reasonable improvements for the recycling system and clarify the environmental load. Geographic information system (GIS) technology was used to simulate transport processes for comparing GHG emissions from the transport processes between the present case and an improved case. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare GHG emissions between a projected scenario and a baseline scenario. Estimated GHG emissions during transport processes in the improved case were reduced by about 12,197 t CO2 eq per year compared to the present case, equivalent to about 65.9 % of the total emissions in the present case. GHG emissions in the projected scenario were about 101,738 t CO2 eq less per year than the baseline scenario, equivalent to about 75.5 % of the total emissions in the baseline scenario. 相似文献
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采用蔗糖作为共代谢基质与一体式好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺相结合处理二甲基亚砜(DMSO)废水。考察了装置的污泥驯化效果、DMSO去除率、污泥的性能、HRT和冲击负荷对DMSO去除率的影响。试验结果表明:驯化第29天,DMSO去除率达98.5%,表明MBR内的污泥已驯化成功;在MBR运行的正式期,当DMSO处于高负荷状态时,DMSO去除率较低;随蔗糖加入量的增加,DMSO去除率逐渐提高,最终恢复到DMSO高负荷冲击前的DMSO去除效果;正常运行时,装置进水ρ(DMSO)=257~1 448 mg/L(平均值为718 mg/L)、出水ρ(DMSO)=6~22 mg/L(平均值为7 mg/L),DMSO去除率为96.4%~99.6%(平均值为98.9%);在MBR运行的正式期,污泥体积指数小于100 mL/g,表明污泥的沉降性能较好,MLVSS/MLSS较高,表明污泥的活性高,MBR内MLSS的平均值为5.52 g/L,MLVSS的平均值为4.78 g/L;MBR适宜的HRT为12 h。 相似文献
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Dynamics of the lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin, China, since late nineteenth century 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lijuan Cui Changjun Gao Xinsheng Zhao Qiongfang Ma Manyin Zhang Wei Li Hongtao Song Yifei Wang Shengnan Li Yan Zhang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(5):4005-4018
The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin have the most representative and largest concentration of freshwater lakes in China. However, the size and number of these lakes have changed considerably over the past century due to the natural and anthropogenic impact. The lakes, larger than 10 km2 in size, were chosen from relief maps and remotely sensed images in 1875, 1950, 1970, 1990, 2000, and 2008 to study the dynamics of lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin and to examine the causes and consequences of these changes. Results indicated that there was a dramatic reduction in lake areas, which decreased by 7,841.2 km2 (42.64 %) during the study period (1875–2008), and the number of lakes in this region changed moderately. Meanwhile, a large number of lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin were directly converted into paddy fields, ponds, building lands, or other land-use types over the study period. Therefore, all kinds of lake reclamation should be identified as the major driving factors for the loss of lake in this region. Furthermore, flooding, soil erosion, and sedimentation were also the main factors which triggered lake changes in different periods. Some wetland conservation and restoration projects have been implemented since the 1970s, but they have not reversed the lake degradation. These findings were of great importance to managers involved in making policy for the conservation of lake ecosystems and the utilization of lake resources. 相似文献
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为探明化肥配施有机肥对田面水氮、磷流失及水稻系统养分吸收的影响,采用田间小区试验,设置常规施肥处理(FN)、常规施肥减氮磷量20%处理(F0)、减氮磷20%+有机肥处理(F1~F4处理有机肥施用量分别为1 500、3 000、4 500和6 000 kg/hm2)共6个处理,探索化肥减量20%配施有机肥的最优组合.结果表明:不同施肥处理下,田面水中ρ(TN)、ρ(NH4+-N)均于施肥后第1天达到峰值,随后迅速下降,于第7天后逐渐趋于稳定,ρ(TN)和ρ(NH4+-N)分别维持在各自峰值的5.1%~10.9%与4.8%~9.6%,田面水中ρ(TP)的变化趋势与ρ(TN)相似;F0与F1处理均能有效降低田面水中ρ(TN)和ρ(TP).与FN处理相比,F1处理下ρ(TN)、ρ(NH4+-N)与ρ(TP)平均值分别降低了6.5%、9.1%和3.1%,该处理能够有效地降低氮、磷养分流失风险,且增施有机肥可使水稻增产0.2%~19.8%,地上部分氮、磷累积量随有机肥施用量的增加而显著增加(P < 0.05).综合水稻产量、养分吸收和田面水养分动态等指标发现,F1处理不仅能提高区域双季稻产量,还能有效控制田面水氮、磷养分浓度,降低氮、磷地表径流产生的农田面源污染风险,是针对南方双季稻田的一项"控源节流"优化施肥模式. 相似文献
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