酚类化合物麻醉毒性的CoFMA研究

通过比较分子力场分析方法(CoMFA)建立酚类化合物对梨形四膜虫极性麻醉毒性(pT)的三维定量结构-活性相关(3D-QSAR)模型.基于训练集41个化合物建立了预测模型,10个化合物作为验证集(含模板分子).训练集的CoMFA模型显示立体场、静电场对麻醉毒性贡献依次为53.9％和46.1％.其交叉验证相关系数(R2cv)为0.735,非交叉验证相关系数(R2)为0.971.对训练集、测试集中的化合物麻醉毒性进行预测,显示出较强的稳定性和良好的预测能力.根据CoMFA模型的立体场和静电场三维等势线图可知,在羟基的间、对位上引入小体积基团,以及邻、对位有负电性基团,有利于提高酚类衍生物的麻醉毒性.基于此,设计了7种具有更高麻醉毒性的酚类化合物,有待生物医学实验验证.     

含硫气田设备及管道的腐蚀与防腐

四川气田系我国典型的含硫气田,设备及管道的腐蚀与防腐问题一直是一个重要的研究课题。文章首先分别探讨了H_2S腐蚀和CO_2腐蚀的机理及其影响因素,进而提出了H_2S和CO_2的防腐工艺和措施,最后探讨了含硫气田腐蚀及防腐研究的热点和发展方向,指出应该大力开展高含硫气田的腐蚀和防腐技术、二氧化碳条件下的钢材腐蚀机理和防腐技术、细菌腐蚀以及新型合金材料及非金属管道的应用研究,同时进行防腐实验。     

电仪ITPM提升大型石油炼化企业生产过程本质安全的实践

为适应大型石油炼化企业长周期高负荷运行和绩效提升、安全环保要求,提前发现并消除因电气和仪表设备超期服役、老化及性能不稳、下降等易导致安全风险的潜在因素,通过构建并实施科学、合理的电仪ITPM(设备预防性维修管理体系),及时消除电气和仪表缺陷,避免因电仪原因导致装置非计划停车、波动及安全环保事故的发生,提高电仪设备的可靠性和稳定性,确保大型石油炼化企业生产过程的本质安全。     

埋地管道缺陷的自漏磁场计算方法研究

基于现有的埋地管道缺陷自漏磁场计算方法把缺陷处的磁荷假设为均匀分布,对于计算结果与实际检测存在较大误差的问题,通过采用ANSYS软件对管道缺陷进行有限元分析,根据材料力磁关系和磁荷理论,提出1种考虑磁荷实际分布的缺陷自漏磁场计算方法,并将该计算方法应用在某埋地管道磁记忆检测中。研究结果表明:该方法计算结果与实际值之间的峰值相对误差为6.9%,相对于现有方法16.4%的相对误差,准确度更高。研究结果有助于在管道磁记忆检测中,提高管道缺陷量化的准确性,对埋地管道缺陷非开挖识别与剩余寿命评价有重要意义。     

生物滴滤床废气净化技术及应用

生物滴滤床是一种高效的废气净化装置 ,但其运行受诸多因素影响 ,采用传统的传质理论和传统的生物膜理论进行描述 ,难以取得满意结果 ,因此应从多方面来理解生物滴滤床的设计和运行 ,以开发高效的反应器和合理的运行处理系统。在分析中 ,综述了生物滴滤床净化有机废气的原理及运行中的多种影响因素 ,阐述了生物滴滤床的研究现状及相关应用。     

救援人员的主要心理问题、相关因素与干预策略

救援人员泛指在各种紧急情况中提供救助的个体,其心理健康风险得到越来越多的关注.研究发现救援人员的心理问题主要是应激相关障碍,消极情绪以及倦怠感.不利的救援工作条件、创伤暴露与非适应性的情绪调节策略是救援人员心理健康主要的危险因素;救援工作中的有利条件、社会支持、心理弹性以及适应性情绪调节策略是心理健康的保护因素.对救援...     

抗球虫药磺胺喹噁啉钠对有机物高温厌氧消化的影响

磺胺喹噁啉钠是一种抗球虫药,在肉鸡饲养业中被作为兽药添加剂广泛使用。研究了磺胺喹噁啉钠在高温厌氧体系下(55℃)对有机物厌氧消化的影响及其转化。结果显示,磺胺喹噁啉钠对高温厌氧消化过程中酸化过程没有明显影响,但对产甲烷有抑制作用,并且随着磺胺喹噁啉钠浓度的升高,对产甲烷抑制程度也增加。在厌氧消化过程中,磺胺喹噁啉钠发生了部分转化,转化率为20%左右。表明处理含磺胺喹噁啉钠的养殖废水、废弃物厌氧消化反应器的稳定性及消化液中的磺胺喹噁啉钠的残留需要关注。     

烟草粉尘的双重危害及防治技术

基于烟草粉尘的物理、化学特性,对烟草粉尘的职业病危害与粉尘爆炸双重危害进行了分析,提出了从"人、机、环、管"4个方面开展烟草粉尘的收集、清扫、治理、监测等烟草粉尘防治工作。通过建立除尘系统、佩戴防尘口罩、定期浓度检测,尽可能降低环境中的烟草粉尘浓度,减少生产过程中的吸入量,可以避免职业性危害;通过采用防爆、隔爆、泄爆设备设施、规范操作行为、实时在线监测,控制烟草粉尘的爆炸风险,尽可能降低爆炸事故发生的可能性或爆炸产生的不良影响,从而降低烟草粉尘的职业病危害与粉尘爆炸双重危害。     

Dithizone-functionalized C18 online solid-phase extraction-HPLC-ICP-MS for speciation of ultra-trace organic and inorganic mercury in cereals and environmental samples

A simple and efficient dithizone-functionalized solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure, online coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, was developed for the first time for enrichment and determination of ultra-trace mercury (Hg) species (inorganic divalent Hg (Hg(II)), methylmercury (CH₃Hg(II)) and ethylmercury (C₂H₅Hg(II)) in cereals and environmental samples. In the proposed method, functionalization of the commercial C₁₈ column with dithizone, enrichment, and elution of the above Hg species can be completed online with the developed SPE device. A simple solution of 2-mercaptoethanol (1% (V/V)) could be used as an eluent for both the SPE and HPLC separation of Hg species, significantly simplifying the method and instrumentation. The online SPE method was optimized by varying dithizone dose, 2-mercaptoethanol concentration, and sample volume. In addition, the effect of pH, coexisting interfering ions, and salt effect on the enrichment was also discussed. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of Hg species for 5 mL water sample were 0.15 ng/L for Hg(II), 0.07 ng/L for CH₃Hg(II), and 0.04 ng/L for C₂H₅Hg(II) with recoveries in the range of 85%–100%. The developed dithizone-functionalized C₁₈ SPE column can be reused after a single functionalization, which significantly simplifies the enrichment step. Moreover, the stability of Hg species enriched on the SPE column demonstrated its suitability for field sampling of Hg species for later laboratory analysis. This environment-friendly method offers a robust tool to detect ultra-trace Hg species in cereals and environmental samples.     

Recycling of valuable chemicals through the catalytic decomposition of phenol tar in cumene process

The base catalyst LZ-2, which was the mixture of CaO and Na–NaOH/Al₂O₃·3H₂O, was chosen for the decomposition of phenol tar to generate valuable chemicals. The selectivity of LZ-2 for dimethyl phenyl carbinol, α-methyl styrene dimer and cumenyl phenol was 100%, 100% and 98%, respectively. Under the optimum operating conditions of catalyst 2.5 wt%, operating temperature 603.15 K and decomposition time 3.5 h, decomposition ratios of cumenyl phenol and dimethyl phenyl carbinol were 98.7% and 99.97%, respectively. In addition, the experimental repeatability demonstrated that the total yield of valuable chemicals still reached 90.1% after the catalyst being used five times. Mass and energy balance indicated that the catalytic decomposition was a high potential for the recycling of chemicals from phenol tar.