人工神经网络在水环境质量评价中的应用

应用人工神经网络理论与方法建立了滏阳河水质评价的RBF(径向基函数)神经网络模型,对滏阳河邯郸市区段的从南环到北环的7个监测断面水质进行了评价,并与灰色聚类结果进行对比。结果表明RBF神经网络模型能很好地解决评价因子与水质等级间复杂的非线性关系,评价水质简便可靠,预测精度高,具有通性和客观性。根据评价结果,分析了滏阳河邯郸市区段水质污染程度,可以为水环境保护工作提供防治依据。     

Removal of multicomponent VOCs in off-gases from an oil refining wastewater treatment plant by a compost-based biofilter system

Waste gases from oil refining wastewater treatment plants are often characterized by the presence of multicomponent and various concentrations of compounds. An evaluation of the performance and feasibility of removing multicomponent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in off-gases from oil refining wastewater treatment plants was conducted in a pilot-scale compost-based biofilter system. This system consists of two identical biofilters packed with compost and polyethylene (PE). This paper investigates the effects of various concentrations of nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and empty bed residence time (EBRT) on the removal efficiency of NMHC. Based on the experimental results and practical applications, an EBRT of 66 s was applied to the biofilter system. The removal efficiencies of NMHC were within the range of 47%–100%. At an EBRT of 66 s, the average removal efficiency of benzene, toluene, and xylene were more than 99%, 99%, and 100%, respectively. The results demonstrated that multicomponent VOCs in off-gases from the oil refining wastewater treatment plant could be successfully removed in the biofilter system, which may provide useful information concerning the design criteria and operation of full-scale biofilters.     

含硫天然气井口笼套式节流阀硫沉积数值模拟研究

为分析含硫天然气气田井口笼套式节流阀的硫沉积问题,基于雷诺应力模型、组分输运模型及离散相模型,建立硫沉积数值模拟模型,分析笼套式节流阀的硫沉积规律及影响因素.研究结果表明:硫沉积主要出现在正对来流的节流孔外侧下缘、阀套边缘以及阀芯内侧,其中节流孔外侧下缘的沉积最严重,对于该位置,随着气流进口速度的增大,硫沉积速率先增大...     

大庆油田采油污水对斑马鱼过氧化氢酶的影响研究

为研究大庆油田采油污水对生物过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）的毒性效应,判定采油污水对生物体的损害程度.以斑马鱼为实验材料,利用大庆油田不同稀释倍数（66.7倍、52.6倍、33.3倍）的采油污水胁迫培养斑马鱼,通过紫外分光光度法测定斑马鱼的不同部位CAT的变化情况,研究采油污水对斑马鱼毒性效应.结果表明,在相同的处理时间和环境条件下,随着采油污水稀释倍数的减小,斑马鱼的不同部位的CAT含量呈增加趋势,当达到一定稀释倍数时CAT的增长发生抑制,CAT含量减少,斑马鱼的生理状况也随之产生变化,甚至死亡.为此需要重视对大庆油田采油污水排放的监管、规范和治理.     

大落差输油管道局部高点水击压力预测方程研究*

为预测大落差管道局部高点水击压力,避免在关阀、停泵等应急操作过程中因高点低压而使油品气化,采用OLGA软件水击计算模块分析介质流速、高点稳态压力、关阀时间、阀门位置对高点水击压力的影响机制,并结合国内某原油管道现场SCADA系统数据进行验证;采用通用全局优化算法（UGO）和列文伯格-马夸尔特法（LM）建立局部高点压力预测方程,相对误差在5%以内。研究结果表明:本文方程可实现大落差输油管道水击过程中局部高点水击压力的预测。研究结果可为大落差输油管道安全运行与管理提供参考。     

考虑移动医院的因灾受损血液供应链网络重构

为快速恢复因灾受损的血液供应链的救援能力,针对血液这一重要医疗物资,研究考虑移动医院的应急供应链重构。设计包含移动医院和临时献血点选址、血液外调与自采和血液与伤员转运的混合整数规划模型,并以红细胞为例,将模型应用于我国龙门山地震带的灾害救治案例中。结果表明:重构的供应链能够综合运用移动医院等资源,快速恢复血液救援能力,最大程度缓解灾害影响。即便是在灾情最严重的情况下,缺血量可减少12.95%。管理者在进行人道主义应急救援决策时,应综合考虑移动医院等医疗资源的有效利用。     

Synchrotron micro-scale measurement of metal distributions in Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia root tissue from an urban brownfield site

Liberty State Park in New Jersey,USA,is a "brownfield" site containing various levels of contaminants.To investigate metal uptake and distributions in plants on the brownfield site,Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia were collected in Liberty State Park during the growing season(May–September)in 2011 at two sites with the high and low metal loads,respectively.The objective of this study was to understand the metal(Fe,Mn,Cu,Pb and Zn)concentration and spatial distributions in P.australis and T.latifolia root systems with micro-meter scale resolution using synchrotron X-ray microfluorescence(μXRF)and synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography(μCMT)techniques.The root structure measurement by synchrotron μCMT showed that high X-ray attenuation substance appeared in the epidermis.Synchrotron μXRF measurement showed that metal concentrations and distributions in the root cross-section between epidermis and vascular tissue were statistically different.Significant correlations were found between metals(Cu,Mn,Pb and Zn)and Fe in the epidermis,implying that metals were scavenged by Fe oxides.The results from this study suggest that the expression of metal transport and accumulation within the root systems may be element specific.The information derived from this study can improve our current knowledge of the wetland plant ecological function in brownfield remediation.     

Assessment of coal spontaneous combustion index gas under different oxygen concentration environment: an experimental study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Oxygen plays a crucial role in coal spontaneous combustion (CSC), and the magnitude of oxygen concentration determines the oxidation reaction...     

活动式大罐收气装置及油气混输新工艺的应用

为了解决东营地区油罐每天都向大气排放工业废气，对环境造成污染的问题，研制了“活动式大罐收气装置”新工艺，用于回收联合站储油罐挥发气。该装置通过玻璃钢管线与油罐连接，油罐挥发气沿玻璃钢管线输至机房内气液分离器，分离出气中的水和轻质油，由天然气压缩机加压，经流量计计量后进入油田天然气气管网。该工艺推广后，经监测结果表明，所有采样点总烃含量低于国家标准２．０ｍｇ／ｍ３。目前全油田３０个联合站安装了此设施，每年回收天然气５１２５万ｍ３，轻质油７０００ｔ。