白银露天矿粉尘污染预报及控制管理模式的研究

在白银露天矿污染气象站五年的污染气象观测基础上,分析了采场粉尘浓度与污染源强度和气象因素之间的相关性,提出了粉尘污染预报的模式和方法,其准确率达到66.9％。并以粉尘污染预报模式为依据。提出了污染源控制管理模式。试验表明利用本模式对污染源实施控制管理具有实用意义和价值。     

Simultaneous chemical and sensory characterization of volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from swine manure using solid phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry

Swine manure is associated with emissions of odor, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other gases that can affect air quality on local and regional scales. In this research, a solid phase microextraction (SPME) and novel multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (MDGC-MS-O) system were used to simultaneously identify VOCs and related odors emitted from swine manure. Gas samples were extracted from manure headspace using Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 85-microm SPME fibers. The MDGC-MS-O system was equipped with two columns in series with a system of valves allowing transfer of samples between columns (heartcutting). The heartcuts were used to maximize the isolation, separation, and identification of compounds. The odor impact of separated compounds was evaluated by a trained panelist for character and intensity. A total of 295 compounds with molecular weights ranging from 34 to 260 were identified. Seventy one compounds had a distinct odor. Nearly 68% of the compounds for which reaction rates with OH* radicals are known had an estimated atmospheric lifetime <24 h.     

重庆市经济与环境协调发展水平研究

为进一步提高重庆市的经济与环境协调发展水平,本文以重庆市为例,利用熵值法确定指标权重并建立经济与环境协调发展模型,通过计算,分析评价重庆市2002年~2011年十年间的经济与环境协调发展度历程;结果表明:(1)2002年~2011年,重庆市经济发展水平呈上升趋势,环境发展水平虽然有一定波动,但总体上呈上升趋势;(2)2002年~2011年,重庆市经济与环境协调发展水平已经由"勉强"经"初级"达到"中级"水平。因此,坚持经济与环境协调发展是实现其全面协调可持续发展的根本途径。     

海洋石油开发工程环境影响后评价初探

环境影响后评价是环境影响评价的延伸和发展,将项目后评价的思想引入项目环境管理体系,发展了环境影响后评价的概念。目前环境影响后评价理论和方法体系尚处于发展初期的探索阶段。文章论述了建设项目环境后评价的概念、作用和评价原则及其与环境影响评价的区别,对海洋石油开发工程的环境影响及其影响后评价方法进行了探讨,并以北部湾油田开发工程作为实例进行了说明。     

温度对吸油毡吸油性影响试验研究

分别利用低温和高温环境试验箱严格模拟环境温度,在不同温度环境下测试四种常用吸油毡对三种渤海原油的吸油性。试验同时测定三种原油的凝点,用于探索油品凝点对吸油毡吸油性的影响。试验结果表明:被测试的十二组吸油过程均属于物理过程,提出的关于吸油毡表面黏附和渗透作用的数学模式能较好描述这些过程;对于这三种原油而言,渗透吸油作用在冬季只适合于绥中原油;另外,吸油毡对三种原油,即使在夏秋季也无法达到最大吸油性;黏附和渗透吸油倍数同原油凝点以及吸油毡类型有关。四种吸油毡中,MXU1000系列的吸油性最好,羊毛毡的吸油性最低。     

我国环境事件生发机理的Logistics回归分析

以近年来我国发生的有影响力的100个环境事件为研究对象,通过多元Logistics回归方法。利用环境污染生境、污染主体特征、污染物特征、对象敏感性、社会敏感性、治理难度和治理效果7类变量23类观测指标解析了影响环境事件发生的显著因素。以此为基础,分别给出了控制和预防大概率小损失、大概率大损失、小概率小损失和小概率大损失环境事件发生的政策建议。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中痕量有机氯农药

建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱联用快速测定水中14种痕量有机氯农药的方法,对比研究了浸入式直接固相微萃取与顶空固相微萃取两种方式对不同有机氯农药的富集效率,优化了试验条件.方法线性关系良好,检出限为0.1 ng/L～10 ng/L,定量下限为0.2 ng/L～40 ng/L,RSD＜8%,实际水样的加标回收率为67.0%～133%.     

一种准分布式内加热刚玉管FBG渗流速率监测方法

岩土体中的渗流是引发各种地质灾害的重要因素。针对现有渗流监测技术的不足,提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅FBG的准分布式内加热刚玉管FBG渗流监测方法;介绍了该方法的原理;发明了一种新型内加热刚玉管渗流传感器;推导出了温度特征值与渗流速率之间的关系,并通过砂性土室内模型试验对此关系进行了率定。试验结果表明:(1)本方法对砂性土中渗流速率进行监测是可行的;(2)利用刚玉管封装的新型传感器具有很好的监测性能;(3)在给定加热功率条件下,一定渗流速率范围内,温度特征值与渗流速率间存在线性关系,渗流速率越大,温度特征值越小;(4)一定加热功率条件下的渗流速率监测存在相应的测试量程,提高给定加热功率可提高监测量程。     

Microcystin-LR inhibited hippocampal long-term potential via regulation of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β pathway

We previously demonstrated that Cyanobacteria-derived microcystin-LR (MCLR) is able to induce cognitive dysfunction, but the mechanism is not understood. Long-term potential (LTP) in hippocampus is regarded as an important cellular mechanism of learning and memory. Here, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of MCLR in LTP of hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) by in vivo electrophysiological recording. We found that MCLR could suppress the induction of LTP in rat hippocampus, whereas simultaneous inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) by LiCl or SB216763 attenuated the LTP impairments by MCLR. Furthermore, a decrease of the phosphorylated level at Ser9 of GSK-3β was observed by western blotting after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of MCLR, indicating GSK-3β was activated by MCLR. In addition, we showed that ICV administration of MCLR slightly stimulated activity of protein phosphatases (PPs) in the brain, which might activate GSK-3β via dephosphorylation of Ser9 site. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that GSK-3β plays a crucial role in regulating MCLR-induced cognitive deficit.     

基坑开挖与邻近地铁结构变形相关性的实测分析∗

探究开挖卸载下基坑与近邻"上浮型"地铁结构的变形机制,以天津某邻近既有地铁的基坑开挖为例,通过实测手段分析基坑多期开挖条件下既有地铁结构的变形特点。基于基坑围护结构竖向变形,考虑基坑与地铁的水平相对位置L和开挖时间t,定义表示基坑围护结构竖向变形与地铁结构竖向变形相互关系的关联系数R,并对邻近地铁结构的竖向变形进行拟合与预测。探究三维空间下基坑与地铁水平变形的关系。研究结果表明:地铁结构整体表现为上浮,开挖期间累计竖向位移与累计水平位移的比值在0.5～1.5变化;基坑围护结构竖向位移乘以系数1000R/L可很好地拟合邻近地铁的竖向位移,关联系数R在基坑开挖过程中变化不大;三维空间下地铁结构纵向水平变形呈正态分布,与近地铁侧基坑围护结构同深度处的水平变形趋势一致。