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781.
Gaiser BK Biswas A Rosenkranz P Jepson MA Lead JR Stone V Tyler CR Fernandes TF 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(5):1227-1235
Acute (96 h) and chronic (21 d) exposures of Daphnia magna neonates were carried out with nano- and micro-sized Ag and CeO(2) particles to assess the influence of both material and size of particles on mortality and moulting. Mortality rates for silver in the acute exposures were: AgNP, 56.7 ± 23.3% at 0.1 mg L(-1) and 100 ± 20% at 1 mg L(-1), and micro-Ag, 13.3 ± 6.7% at 0.1 mg L(-1) and 80 ± 20% at 1 mg L(-1). CeO(2) was not acutely toxic at concentrations up to 10 mg L(-1). Mortality for Ag over 21d at concentrations of up to 0.05 mg L(-1) was low, while mortality of 30% was observed for 0.001 mg L(-1) of nano-Ag. CeO(2), with the exception of the 10 mg L(-1) of nano-CeO(2) (100% mortality by day 7), was non-toxic. Inhibition of moulting and growth in the acute study occurred at toxic concentrations (Ag particles), and at 10 mg L(-1) of nano-CeO(2). The chronic study revealed reduced moulting at 0.001 mg L(-1) of nano-Ag and 0.01 and 0.05 mg L(-1) of both sizes of Ag, but there was no impact on D. magna size, and no effects of CeO(2). The toxicity of nano-CeO(2) may be attributed to reduced feeding and physical interference with the daphnids' carapace, resulting in reduced swimming ability. Our results suggest that Ag NPs in particular have the potential to be harmful to aquatic invertebrates after release into the environment, whereas CeO(2) particles appear to cause little adverse effects, and only at environmentally irrelevant concentrations. 相似文献
782.
Wetlands are a vital resource, particularly in Africa where livelihoods are closely linked to natural capital. In recent years,
extensive drainage has occurred to make way for agriculture. To gain insight into whether drainage is justified, we review
the value of African wetlands dominated by Cyperus papyrus in relation to use, conservation and conversion. Evidence suggests that the value derived from low-intensity, multifunctional
wetland use far exceeds the value derived from swamp reclamation and generally exceeds that of conservation. At a local level,
the main driver of wetland misuse appear to be a breakdown in collaborative management regimes and the main constraint on
wetland use, the value of labor and selling-times. Local drivers are linked to regional factors such as the lack of coordinated
wetland policies and difficulties in ensuring that legislation is absorbed by all sectors of society. We highlight opportunities
for ensuring more effective collaborative management and legislation communication, which capitalize on existing governance
structures. In contrast to predictions by Hardin’s Tragedy of the Commons model, we argue that effective wetland management
is best achieved by preventing privatization and promoting common property management regimes. We also argue that poverty
and income inequity are more important drivers of unsustainable resource use than environmental managers commonly acknowledge. 相似文献
783.
James Androwski Abraham Springer Thomas Acker Mark Manone 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2011,47(1):93-102
James Androwski, Abraham Springer, Thomas Acker, and Mark Manone, 2011. Wind‐Powered Desalination: An Estimate of Saline Groundwater in the United States. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):93‐102. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00493.x Abstract: Increasing scarcity of freshwater resources in many regions of the world is leading water resource managers to consider desalination as a potential alternative to traditional freshwater supplies. Desalination technologies are energy intensive and expensive to implement making desalination using renewable energy resources a potentially attractive option. Unfortunately, saline groundwater resources are not well characterized for many regions hindering consideration of such technologies. In this assessment, we estimate the saline groundwater resources of the principal aquifers of the United States using a geographic information system and correlate these resources to wind resources potentially sufficient to supply the energy demand of desalination equipment. We estimate that 3.1 × 1014 m3 saline groundwater, total volume, are contained in 28 of the country’s principal aquifers known to contain saline groundwater. Of this volume, 1.4 × 1014 m3 saline groundwater are co‐located with wind resources sufficient for electrical generation to desalinate groundwater. 相似文献
784.
785.
Charles Sandrine Ratier Aude Baudrot Virgile Multari Gauthier Siberchicot Aurélie Wu Dan Lopes Christelle 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29244-29257
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the European Union, more than 100,000 man-made chemical substances are awaiting an environmental risk assessment (ERA). Simultaneously, ERA of... 相似文献
786.
787.
Charles Curtin 《Conservation biology》2003,17(4):1188-1190
788.
Amy T. Mysz Charles G. Maurice Robert F. Beltran Kendra A. Cipollini John P. Perrecone Karen M. Rodriguez Mary L. White 《Environmental Science & Policy》2000,3(6):46
The Critical Ecosystems Team of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 5, has developed an approach to prioritize and target ecologically high-quality areas for enhanced environmental protection in the Midwestern states of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Using this approach, we intend to employ a pro-active strategy to protect the environment by protecting and restoring natural ecosystems rather than the traditional EPA approach of remediating and attempting to restore already degraded habitats. The approach consists of two components: (1) partnership and (2) criteria. For the partnership component, we collected, mapped, and summarized information on ecosystems considered critical to federal and state agencies, tribes and non-profit organizations. Multi-county areas with high numbers of ecosystems identified by a variety of partners were designated as ‘Ecologically Rich Regions’. These Ecologically Rich Regions highlight broad geographic areas where there are high levels of partner interest and, correspondingly, areas with high potential for forming collaborative partnerships for enhanced environmental protection. The second component, which relies on criteria, is still under development and defines critical ecosystems as having three important properties: (1) high ecological diversity, (2) potential for long-term sustainability and (3) presence of relict native ecosystems or communities. The information compiled under both components of this ecosystem targeting approach will inform ecological risk managers and assessors about important ecosystems that should be considered in risk management and assessment processes. 相似文献
789.
Charles A. S. Hall 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2006,8(1):19-53
In this paper I undertake a preliminary assessment for the tropics of the relation of economic development, meaning in general
increases in economic activity as measured by e.g. GDP, and its normal biophysical corollaries of increased resource use and
land use change. I also examine each in relation to the intellectual concepts that underlie and guide what is commonly called
economic development. Because most of the development literature is derived from economics or other social sciences, and focuses
almost entirely on lifting people’s standards of living as measured in monetary units, very little examines the per unit biophysical
requirements of that development, including energy or other resource use requirements, land use change or other environmental
consequences of development plans. In addition there seems to be insufficient connection between those who create economic
development plans and those who undertake empirical biophysical assessments to determine whether the development plan has
worked or can possibly work. The problem is deeper: there exists a series of models used in the development literature that
have been used to encourage and guide development. These models have received very little scrutiny as to either their efficacy
or their societal or environmental impacts until quite recently. When this has been done the models have been shown to fail
miserably. It is time to develop a new model of development that synthesizes conventional economic, biophysical economic and
social aspects, and that is based on the scientific method rather than on perceived wisdom. This model must also take into
account population growth, issues of who wins and who looses from economic development, and the implications of the incipient peak in global oil production. 相似文献
790.
The rising rate of multiple pregnancies and its association with advanced maternal age has expanded the need for prenatal diagnosis in twins and higher order gestations. The complexity of the invasive diagnostic procedures and the risk of loss of an unaffected twin raise significant clinical, technical and ethical issues. In this review we discuss the specific issues of early scanning, counseling and determination of chorionicity prior to invasive procedures in twins. We present the available data describing the risk associated with these procedures in twins and compare data of fetal loss rate from different studies. We also discuss the issues of fetal blood sampling and late karyotyping in twin pregnancies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献