微波无极紫外光催化-内电解协同降解活性艳红X-3B

采用微波无极紫外光源,以活性炭作为光催化剂TiO2的载体,与外加铁屑构成内电解反应,处理活性艳红X-3B模拟废水.实验结果表明,微波无极紫外光催化-内电解法对活性艳红X-3B的降解速率是微波无极紫外光催化和微波-内电解法单独作用时降解速率之和的2倍.在活性艳红X-3B模拟废水初始pH为7、空气曝气量为0.50 L/min、铁屑加入量为5 g/L、反应温度为40～45℃的最佳条件下,微波无极紫外光催化-内电解法的活性艳红X-3B模拟废水色度去除率达100%,TOC和可吸附有机卤化物的去除率分别为69.5%和81.8%.     

活性艳蓝X-BR降解菌的筛选

从某印染厂废水排放出口的污泥中分离到一株活性艳蓝X-BR染料高效降解菌LPY68-14,经生理生化鉴定,该菌为埃希氏菌(Escherichia sp.).研究了影响菌株LPY68-14降解效果的因素,实验结果表明:在缺氧、质量分数为0.2%葡萄糖为外加碳源、温度37℃、接种量4 mL、pH 7的最佳条件下,质量浓度为30 mg/L的活性艳蓝X-BR经菌株LPY68-14处理24 h后的降解率可达80%;当活性艳蓝X-BR质量浓度为100～400 mg/L时,该菌处理48 h后的降解率可稳定在70%左右.     

四氯化钛精制除钒废弃物的综合利用

对四氯化钛铜丝除钒精制过程中产生的废弃物,采用酸碱联合法回收其中的铜和钒。考察了关键的碱处理及盐酸沉钒过程的影响因素。实验结果为：在碱处理溶液pH12．0—13．0,碱处理温度60℃,碱处理时间1h,沉钒溶液pH1．0～1．5,沉钒温度60℃,沉钒时间1h的条件下,铜和钒的回收率分别达到90％和75％以匕,获得的阴极铜和五氧化二钒的产品质量均达到国家标准。     

Fe-厌氧微生物体系降解2,4,6-三氯酚

采用Fe-厌氧微生物体系降解2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP).在初始pH 7.0、Fe加入量10.0 g/L、以甲酸钠为碳源的条件下,2,4,6-TCP降解效果最好.采用Fe-厌氧微生物体系降解2,4,6-TCP,比单独采用Fe或厌氧微生物体系具有明显的效果,运行60h后2,4,6-TCP开始降解,108h后2,4,6-TCP降解完全.添加2-溴乙烷磺酸盐可抑制产甲烷菌的活性,能有效促进2,4,6-TCP的降解.     

重金属吸附剂壳聚糖的改性研究进展

综述了重金属吸附剂壳聚糖改性研究的新进展,介绍了交联与接枝等改性方式对壳聚糖稳定性的影响及改性后的壳聚糖对水体中重金属离子吸附性能的改善.针对壳聚糖改性中仍然存在的一些问题,指出今后研究中值得关注的方向.     

Biofiltration treatment of odors from municipal solid waste treatment plants

An in situ compost biofilter was established for the treatment of odors from biostabilization processing of municipal solid waste. The concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in odors and their components were measured. Biofilter media was characterized in terms of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), organic matter (OM), pH value and determination of bacterial colony structure. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that the main components of the produced gas were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) along with other alkanes, alkenes, terpenes, and sulphur compounds. The compost biofilter had remarkable removal ability for alkylated benzenes (>80%), but poor removal for terpenes (～30%). Total VOC concentrations in odors during the biostabilization process period ranged from 0.7 to 87 ppmv, and the VOC removal efficiency of the biofilter varied from 20% to 95%. After about 140 days operation, TN, TC, TP and OM in compost were kept almost stable, but the dissolved N, NH₄–N and NO₃–N experienced an increase of 44.5%, 56.2% and 76.3%, respectively. Dissolved P decreased by 27.3%. The pH value experienced an increase in the early period and finally varied from 7.38 to 8.08. Results of bacterial colony in packing material indicated that bacteria and mold colony counts increased, but yeasts and actinomyces decreased along with biofilter operation, which were respectively, 3.7, 3.4, 0.04 and 0.07 times of their initial values.     

层次分析法在精细化工园区生态环境效益评价中的应用

介绍了杭州湾精细化工园区的概况;设计指标重要性专家打分表,依据指标得分构造了层次分析法的判断矩阵;运用层次分析法确定了精细化工园区生态环境效益评价指标体系中准则层和指标层的权重,进而依据指标权重分析r影响园区生态化改造的关键指标.结果表明,工业废水达标排放率、工业用水重复利用率、创新投入能力、染料行业单位产品新鲜水消耗量等指标是影响总目标的关键指标.     

用电解锰阳极泥和含SO_2工业尾气制备硫酸锰

以电解锰阳极泥与电解锌生产中产生的含SO_2尾气为原料,经过反应、浸出、浸出液两次净化和浓缩结晶制备硫酸锰,考察了反应时间、含SO_2尾气的流量及反应温度对Mn~(4+)转化率的影响.实验结果表明:在反应时间45 min、反应温度20～30 ℃、含SO_2尾气流量16 L/min的条件下,Mn~(4+)转化率达90%以上;尾气中SO_2利用率随尾气流量增加而降低;所得MnSO_4·H_2O产品质量达到GB1622-86<工业级硫酸锰标准>.     

The Shape Memory Properties of Biodegradable Chitosan/Poly(l-lactide) Composites

The shape memory behavior of PLLA (poly(l-lactide)) and chitosan/PLLA composites was studied. PLLA and chitosan were compounded to fabricate novel materials which may have biodegradability and biocompatibility. Chitosan does not significantly affect the glass and melting transition temperature of the PLLA. Both the pure PLLA and chitosan/PLLA composites showed shape memory effect arising from the viscoelastic properties of PLLA comprised of semi crystalline structures. The shape recovery ratio of the chitosan/PLLA composites decreased significantly with increasing chitosan contents due to the incompatibility between PLLA and chitosan. Phase separation structures of the composites were observed by using atomic force microscopy. To obtain good shape memory effect, the chitosan content should be below 15 wt%.     

基于知识推理的发电企业设备风险管理应用研究

基于发电企业设备自身的特点及工作人员对风险知识认知的局限性,有必要分析发电企业设备在运行、检修中潜在的风险.分析了设备风险知识与风险管理的关系,并以发电企业各类大型设备中应用最广泛的电动机为例,解决了电动机风险知识的表达及推理问题,为实现基于知识的设备风险管理提供了一种思路,对指导发电企业的设备日常维护、巡检以及状态监测、避免不必要的损失有着积极的意义.