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51.
The comparative toxicities of selected phenols to higher plants Cucumis sativus were measured and the negative logarithm molar concentration of the root elongation median inhibition (IRC50) were derived. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were developed to explore the toxicity influencing factors and for predictive purpose. The toxicity data, fell into two classes: polar narcosis and bio-reactive. For polar narcotic phenols, a highly significant two-parameter QSAR based on 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (logKow) and energy of the lowest unoccupied orbital (E(lumo)) was derived (IRC50 = 0.77 log Kow - 0.39E(lumo) + 2.36 n = 22 r2 = 0.89). The five bio-reactive chemicals proved to show elevated toxicity due to their typical substructure involved diverse reactive mechanisms. In an effort to model all chemicals, a robust multiple-variable QSAR combining logKow, E(lumo) and Qmax, the most negative net atomic charge, was developed (IRC50 = 0.65 logKow - 0.72E(lumo) + 0.23Qmax + 2.81 n = 27 r2 = 0.94), indicating that hydrophobicity, electrophilicity and hydrogen bond interaction contribute mainly to the phytotoxicity. The toxicological data was compared with Tetrahymena pyriformis 2-d population growth inhibition toxicity (IGC50) and excellent interspecies correlations were observed both for the polar narcotics and for five reactive chemicals (for polar narcotics: IRC50 = 0.95IGC50 + 1.07 n = 16 r2 = 0.89; for bio-reactive chemicals: IRC50 = 0.98IGC50 + 2.19 n = 5 r2 = 0.97; and for all: IRC50 = 0.93IGC50 + 1.63 n = 21 r2 = 0.87). This suggested that T pyriformis toxicity could serve as a surrogate of C. sativus toxicity for phenols and interspecies correlation also could be established for reactive chemicals. 相似文献
52.
Determination of atmospheric nitrate particulate size distribution and dry deposition velocity for three distinct areas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, both atmospheric particulates and dry deposited particulates were collected at a highway intersection, coastal location and suburban area in Taichung, Taiwan for the characterization of nitrate containing particulates (NCPs) in size distribution and dynamic properties. Collected particulates were placed in contact with nitron (C20H16N4) to form distinctive products of NCPs, which were examined by a SEM. For total atmospheric particulates, the sum of NCP and non-nitrate containing particulate (NNCP), the average shape factor values are 1.69, 1.49, and 1.36 for the highway intersection, coastal area and suburban area, respectively. The calculated shape factors show no significant differences with sizes. Dry deposition fluxes and atmospheric concentrations at various size ranges were estimated. The mass distributed in fine particle range (相似文献
53.
主要叙述TiO2/H2O2/UV和TiO2/O3/UV体系降解对氯苯甲酸(4-CBA)和喹啉的试验研究.研究表明,(1)在TiO2/H2O2/UV体系里目标物降解速度先随过氧化氢投加量的增加而提高,但超过一定浓度之后便开始下降;(2)在TiO2/O3/UV体系中,目标降解物的反应速度都非常快,且臭氧浓度高的时候降解速度更快;(3)二氧化钛催化剂在TiO2/O3/UV体系中作为积极因素有助于提高反应速率,而在TiO2/H2O2/UV体系是消极因素,会降低反应速率. 相似文献
54.
Peng Lian Andres F. Mejia Zhengdong Cheng M. Sam Mannan 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2010,23(2):337-345
Accidental release of pressurized high flash point heat transfer fluids can result in fire and explosion hazard scenarios in the process industry. An experimental investigation on ignition of aerosols of a heat transfer fluid is carried out, and characterization of aerosol and its ignition process by non-intrusive laser diffraction technique is reported. Propagation speed of the aerosol combustion flame front as analyzed from the laser diffraction measurement agrees with high-speed visual camera observation. Flammability of the aerosol, which is based on the chances of the global flame appearance in the aerosol, is mainly controlled by aerosol droplet size and the droplet volume concentration. 相似文献
55.
火焰振荡频率是火灾科学研究领域的一个重要基本参数,对横向风下火焰振荡频率的研究可以为火灾图像探测的参数设置提供理论依据。针对浮力扩散火焰(0.6×10~(-5)弗洛德数Fr2×10~(-2),10~2理查德森数Ri10~5),本研究将横向风条件下火焰结构假设为倾斜的柱状,通过对燃烧产生的浮力和横向风产生的拖曳力进行动力学分析,得出横向风条件下火焰振荡频率表达公式。结合实验结果得出,火焰振荡频率的理论值和实验值均随拖曳系数的增大(即外界风速的增加)而增大,但实验值的上升趋势较理论值平缓.这是因为公式忽略了风速对火焰温度和系数K的影响。 相似文献
56.
基于1995~2010武汉城市圈城乡路网空间数据,综合运用复杂网络理论、动力系统理论及现代控制理论等多学科的方法和理论,采取随机故障和蓄意侵略两种攻击策略及多种评价指标,通过建立动力学演化模型并进行模拟仿真,揭示武汉城市圈城乡道路网的空间稳定性:(1)因分布相对均匀,节点连接随机多样,在面临随机攻击时,武汉城市圈城乡路网体现出“类随机性”,抗攻击能力强;(2)高度节点、高介数节点失效时,引致的城乡路网效率和结构变化程度不一,高介数节点失效往往更容易导致路网破碎和效率降低(形成众多子图);(3)桥梁和高速成为整个圈域城乡路网的关键边,不同桥梁或高速路段相对网络稳定性的重要程度不一样:圈域中心城区的大桥和二桥、南北向的京港澳、大广高速成为整个城乡路网的关键路径 相似文献
57.
Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of earthworm density on the availability of nutrients and heavy metals in metal contaminated soils. Pb/Zn mine tailings were mixed throughly with a red yellow podzolic soil at the ratio (w/w) of 75:25. Earthworms (Pheretima sp.) were introduced to the mixture at four different densities, zero, three, six and nine individuals per pot planted with ryegrass (Loliun multiflorum). The results indicated that earthworm activity significantly enhanced ryegrass shoot biomass. However, as denser earthworm population was introduced, shoot biomass tended to decrease. Earthworm activity significantly increased soil pH and availability of N, P and K in the tailings and soil mixture. There was a general tendency that uptake of Zn by ryegrass increased after earthworm inoculation, although the increase in extractable Zn in tailings and soil mixture was not significant. On the contrary, there seemed to be a lower uptake of Pb by ryegrass under earthworm inoclation, despite the fact that higher extractable Pb concentrations were observed. The present project indicated that the improved growth of ryegrass was due to improved nutrient availability and other soil conditions, by inoculation of earthworms at an appropriate rate. Further studies are needed to illustrate the relationship between metal availability and earthworm activity in the field. 相似文献
58.
城市生活垃圾的生命周期管理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据国际标准化组织1997 年颁布的ISO14000 环境管理体系“生命周期评价—原则与框架”,本文对可持续城市生活垃圾生命周期管理进行研究,指出城市生活垃圾应在环境可持续性、经济可负担性及社会可接受性的原则基础上,通过垃圾的减量化、无害化、资源化和社会化管理,实现城市可持续发展的管理目标 相似文献
59.
基于百度指数的长江三角洲虚拟旅游流流动特征和影响因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
旅游流是游客在空间区域内的集散过程所带来的一系列经济社会发展效应,是旅游系统的神经中枢和纽带.传统旅游流研究多集中于现实旅游流,对虚拟旅游流涉及较少,数据获取多依靠调查问卷与景区提供,具有局限性.文章基于百度指数,在保证数据容量与准确度的基础上以长江三角洲为研究对象,构建O-D虚拟旅游流矩阵探究区域虚拟旅游流流动特征,并利用地理加权回归(GWR)模型从流入市域、流出市域两方面,分析不同市域的虚拟旅游流影响因素.结果 表明:(1)长江三角洲虚拟旅游流空间分布不均,流动性较强,形成以合肥、南京、苏州、杭州、上海为核心节点的放射状网络.(2)A级景区数量、住宿和餐饮业从业人员以及公路里程可以较好的解释流入虚拟旅游流市域分布.其中,A级景区对流入虚拟旅游流影响最为显著,住宿和餐饮业的发展对长江三角洲西北部虚拟旅游流的流入具有推动力,而公路里程对整个长江三角洲流入虚拟旅游流影响最小.(3)私人汽车拥有量、社会消费品零售总额、互联网宽带用户接入量对流出虚拟旅游流有较强的影响.社会消费品零售总额代表的经济因素是市域虚拟旅游流流出的决定因素,经济越发达的区域,人们的出游意愿越强烈,也更愿意利用网络抓取旅游信息流追求高质量旅游出行行为. 相似文献
60.
应用动力通量箱(Dynamic Flux Chamber,DFC)与高时间分辨率的RA-915+自动汞分析仪联用技术,在消落带沉积物出露期,野外现场监测沉积物-大气界面汞交换通量,同时对其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:三峡库区消落带沉积物-大气界面汞交换通量范围为-6.80±12.35~28.17±36.17 ng/(m2·h)晴天库区消落带沉积物-大气界面汞交换通量表现出相同的变化趋势,即从早晨开始沉积物-大气界面汞的交换通量逐渐增加,到正午左右达到峰值,之后交换通量逐渐减小,但阴天这一趋势不明显。暖季白天沉积物-大气界面汞交换通量都以释放为主,冷季白天则以沉降为主。暖季晴天,沉积物-大气汞交换通量与气温、沉积物温度、光照强度呈显著正相关关系,与相对湿度呈显著负相关关系。无论晴天还是阴天,大气汞浓度都与沉积物-大气汞交换通量呈负相关关系。白天,光照强度和大气汞浓度是影响消落带沉积物/大气界面汞交换通量的主要因素,而在夜间,沉积物温度和大气汞浓度是其主要影响因素。 相似文献