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101.
2009年7月在江苏省南部城市苏州、无锡和南通采集了58个城市道路灰尘样品,使用气相色谱质谱法测定了样品中的8种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和32种多氯联苯(PCBs).结果表明,样品中Σ8PBDEs含量范围为4.21~1 471μg·kg-1,Σ32PCBs含量范围为ND~14.1μg·kg-1,PBDEs的含量远远高于PCBs.和其他地区城市土壤样品比较,城市道路灰尘中的PBDEs含量较高,来自燃料燃烧过程和汽车尾气产生的PBDEs不容忽视.城市工业区和中心区样品中PBDEs和PCBs的含量水平没有显著性差异,而高于景观区.研究发现,在城市工业区存在PCBs非故意排放源.PBDEs同族体单体相对含量分析表明,BDE209是样品中检测出的最主要的PBDEs单体,占Σ8PBDEs含量的96.7%(64.1%~99.8%).样品中的PCBs同族体主要为四氯代PCBs和六氯代PCBs,道路灰尘中PCBs同族体的分布模式与PCBs产品和其他环境介质存在一定差异. 相似文献
102.
基于多区域投入产出(MRIO)的中国区域居民消费碳足迹分析 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
近年来,居民消费活动和环境的关系逐渐受到关注,而与温室气体排放相关的研究更是其中的热点.因此,本文采用“居民消费碳足迹”概念来定义特定居民消费活动所导致的直接和间接温室气体排放的总和,主要包括CO2、CH4、N2O3种温室气体;构建了基于环境扩展的多区域投入产出(Multiregional input-output,MRIO)模型的碳足迹核算方法,并以2007年中国8个区域为例对其居民消费碳足迹的数量、构成、分布及转移进行了分析.结果显示,2007年全国居民消费碳足迹总量达到31.74亿t(以CO2当量计).此外,碳足迹还呈现出区域差异明显、间接排放大于直接排放、城乡差距过大等特征.人均碳足迹方面,发展水平较高的京津、东部沿海地区明显高于相对滞后的西北、西南区域.研究还对碳足迹的区域分布和转移进行了深入探讨.结果发现,东北、京津、西北和西南区域转移收支为负,表示这些区域为其他区域承担的排放大于其他区域为其承担的排放;剩余的北部沿海、东部沿海、南部沿海和中部区域情况则正好相反.这些结果对现阶段中国制定具体区域消费政策或分配碳减排责任等具有参考价值;本研究的方法论也适用于研究其他环境因子及足迹因子与居民消费的关系. 相似文献
103.
淮河流域农业非点源污染空间特征解析及分类控制 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
农业非点源污染是导致流域水质恶化的重要原因,识别流域内关键源区并加以重点控制是流域非点源污染治理的最有效手段.以淮河流域为研究对象,采用清单分析法核算了流域173个县(市、区)的畜禽养殖、农村生活、农田种植、水产养殖4种污染源化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)排放量和排放强度.利用SPSS和GIS软件对污染排放强度进行聚类分析、敏感性评价及空间解析,解析出流域非点源污染的敏感地区、重点污染源及其空间分布特征,并依据污染源贡献大小对流域进行分类控制.结果表明,2009年淮河流域农业非点源COD、TN、TP排放量分别为206.74×104t、66.49×104t、8.74×104t;排放强度分别为7.69、2.47、0.32 t·hm-2;COD、TN、TP排放比重分别为73%、24%、3%.识别出COD、TN、TP的主要贡献污染源为畜禽养殖和农村生活;解析出淮河上游沙河、颍河、北汝河、贾鲁河以及清潩河等子流域为整个流域非点源污染的敏感区和优先控制区,畜禽养殖为流域优先控制区中的重点污染源.畜禽污染型和综合污染型分别是流域污染贡献率最高和控制难度大的污染类型. 相似文献
104.
为了研究污水灌渠侧渗对土壤的影响,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)方法对太原市小店污灌区9个剖面土和2个灌溉污水样进行有机氯化合物(OCPs)分析.结果表明退水渠中有机氯农药主要由六六六(HCHs)组成,滴滴涕(DDTs)及其它有机氯农药含量较低或未检出,在8个离渠较近剖面的地表土中ΣOCPs和HCHs含量一定程度上符合随垂直于渠的直线距离增加而逐步降低的趋势,表明污水渠侧渗对土壤存在着一定影响.8个剖面土壤中的HCHs含量随着深度的增加而降低,在水平方向上,同一深度土壤中的HCHs含量也沿远离渠的直线方向逐步递减.研究区土壤中HCHs含量与TOC之间存在较为显著的正相关性,而与pH之间不存在相关性. 相似文献
105.
介绍了生活垃圾填埋场老场扩建工程中横向扩建、纵向扩建两种常用的方式及各自的设计要点。结合浙江西部某县城生活垃圾填埋场的扩建工程实例,分析了在填埋场扩建工程设计中应考虑的与老场系统衔接、扩建后新场垃圾堆体不均匀沉降及新场堆体稳定性等问题,并依照工程实际提出了解决方案。 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
We have created a new method of ZnS nanospheres synthesis. By interface-mediated precipitation method (IMPM), monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was synthesized on the particle surface of sulfate-reducing bacterium nutritious agar culture. Sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) was used as a sulfide producer because of its dissimilatory sulfate reduction capability, meanwhile produced a variety of amino acids acting as templates for nanomaterials synthesis. Then zinc acetate was dispersed into nutritious agar plate. Subsequently agar plate was broken into particles bearing much external surface, which successfully mediated the synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles. The morphology of monodisperse ZnS nanospheres and SRB were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the microstructure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermostability of ZnS nanoparticles was determined by thermo gravimetric-differential thermo gravimetric (TG-DTG). The maximum absorption wavelengh was analysed with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer within a range of 199–700 nm. As a result, monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, with an average diameter of 80 nm. Maximum absorption wavelengh was 228 nm, and heat decomposed temperature of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was 596°C. 相似文献
109.
Zhanguo Liang Jun Mu Ying Mu Jiaming Shi Wenjing Hao Xuewei Dong Hongquan Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,(S1):S106-S109
We have created a new method of ZnS nanospheres synthesis. By interface-mediated precipitation method (IMPM), monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was synthesized on the particle surface of sulfate-reducing bacterium nutritious agar culture. Sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) was used as a sulfide producer because of its dissimilatory sulfate reduction capability, meanwhile produced a variety of amino acids acting as templates for nanomaterials synthesis. Then zinc acetate was dispersed into nutritious agar plate. Subsequently agar plate was broken into particles bearing much external surface, which successfully mediated the synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles. The morphology of monodisperse ZnS nanospheres and SRB were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the microstructure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermostability of ZnS nanoparticles was determined by thermo gravimetric-differential thermo gravimetric (TG-DTG). The maximum absorption wavelengh was analysed with an ultravioletvisible spectrophotometer within a range of 199-700 nm. As a result, monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, with an average diameter of 80 nm. Maximum absorption wavelengh was 228 nm, and heat decomposed temperature of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was 596℃. 相似文献
110.
Yilei Yu Xianfang Song Yinghua Zhang Fandong Zheng Ji Liang Dongmei Han Ying M Hongmei Bu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(9):1754-1763
Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater. 相似文献