多环芳烃对海洋贝类多生物水平毒性效应的研究进展

多环芳烃类化合物(PAHs)是海洋中常见的一类持久性有机污染物,对海洋生态安全及海洋生物健康造成严重威胁。海洋贝类作为海洋生态毒理学研究的模式生物,其滤食性、固着性等生理特点使其对PAHs具有较高的生物蓄积能力,可以在不同生物水平产生一系列的毒性效应。本文综述目前PAHs在海洋贝类多种生物水平所造成的生物毒性效应及其检测方法的研究进展,重点从个体生理特征、组织结构、细胞毒性和基因毒性4个层次展开讨论,为更有效地利用海洋贝类这一模型生物,深入开展PAHs对海洋生物的致毒效应与机制研究提供思路与检测方法参考。     

Biodegradation of quinoline by gel immobilized Burkholderia sp

Burkholderia sp, a gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobe, capable of degrading quinoline was immobilized in calcium alginate gel beads and used for degradation of quinoline in aqueous solution in the reactor. The optimal conditions for immobilization of the microorganism, such as alginate concentration, calcium ion concentration, initial cell loading, hardening time and bead size, were determined with a view to improving the quinoline degradation rate. The characteristics of quinoline degradation by immobilized microbial cells were investigated. The repeated use of immobilized cells for quinoline degradation was performed and the results revealed that the bioactivity of immobilized cells was stable over 100 h in the repeated batch cultivation for quinoline degradation.     

Thermochemical studies of the toxic actions of heavy metal ions on Rhizopus nigricans

By using a LKB2277 BioActivity Monitor (heat conduction microcalorimeter), stopped-flow method, the thermogenetic curves of Rhizopus nigricans growth at 25 degrees C inhibited by four kinds of heavy metal ions are determined, parameters such as growth rate constants k, inhibitory ratio I, half inhibitory concentration IC50 et al. are obtained. The experimental results show that heavy metal ions can inhibit Rhizopus nigricans growth obviously, low concentration of Cu2+ has promoting action. The inhibitory sequence is Cd2+ > Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cu2+, half inhibitory concentration of them are Cd+ 0.8 micro g x ml(-1), Hg2+ 1.7 micro g x ml(-1), Pb2+ 48.0 micro g x ml(-1), Cu2+ 110 micro g x ml(-1). This microclorimetric bioassay for acute cellular toxicity is based on metabolic heat evolution from cultured cells. The assay is quantitative, inexpensive, and versatile; moreover, toxicological information can be obtained with cell from other species of interest.     

人工神经网络在强化一级处理系统过程模拟与优化中的应用

针对化学强化一级处理系统（CEPT）处理废水时影响因素多，难以进行适当的控制和处理效果的预测等问题，建立起基于BP人工神经网络的CEPT法处理猪场稳定塘废水预测模型，并应用该模型对烧杯试验进行了模拟。结果表明，预测值和实测值吻合较好，模型对COD、总磷、浊度去除率预测的平均相对误差分别为7．5％、4．8％和4．9％。通过对pH值和絮凝剂投药量等可控参数进行优化计算，得到CEPT系统的最佳操作条件和最合理操作条件。该模型的建立为CEPT法处理废水工艺系统实现自动化控制提供了一条简便实用的途径。     

AA3自动分析仪测定地表水中的NO2-N、NO3-N＋NO2-N、NH3-N、PO4^3-

使用Bran＋Luebbe AutoAnalyzer 3自动分析仪，同时测定地表水中的NO2-N、NO3-N＋NO2-N、NH3-N、PO4^3-4个项目，结果显示相对标准偏差均〈1％，回收率在92％～108％之间，检测限较低，且系统运行稳定，能够满足地表水监测的要求。     

Sampling and analysis of ambient dioxins in northern Taiwan

In this study, ambient air samples were taken concurrently in the vicinity area of a large-scale municipal waste incinerator (MWI) and the background area for measuring polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) concentrations from November 1999 through July 2000 in northern Taiwan. The results obtained from eighteen ambient air samples indicate that the mean PCDD/F concentration of seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners in wintertime (188–348 fg-I-TEQ/m³) is significantly higher than that measured in summertime (56–166 fg-I-TEQ/m³). In addition, the seasonal PCDD/F concentrations are compared with the ambient air quality data including CO, NO₂, PM₁₀ and TSP sampled from Taipei area to gain better insights. It indicates that the variation of ambient air PCDD/F concentrations is closely correlated with that of PM₁₀ concentrations. Besides, the results indicate that the I-TEQ concentration of ambient air in sampling site B (directly downwind of the MWI) is of the highest while the sampling site A (upwind of MWI) is of the lowest among all sampling sites. This implies that existing MWI can be a significant emitter of PCDD/Fs in this area. Furthermore, the patterns of the PCDD/F congener distribution at all sampling sites (including the background site in Taoyuan) are quite similar. OCDD concentration is of the highest among seventeen PCDD/F congeners investigated and accounts for about 35% of the total concentration. As for the I-TEQ concentrations, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF is the most significant contributor, generally being responsible for 30–45% of the total I-TEQ values depending on the sampling sites and seasons.     

水环境中微囊藻毒素检测技术研究进展

随着世界各国对微囊藻毒素的重视,中国也在相关水质标准里新增了微囊藻毒素这项指标.因此,水环境中微囊藻毒素的检测和控制变得非常重要,而检测更是控制的基础.比较详细地综述了目前国内外在微囊藻毒素检测方面的各种不同的研究方法和成果;并在总结这些研究的基础上,展望了微囊藻毒素检测的发展方向.     

沸石滤料曝气生物滤池启动性能研究

沸石滤料曝气生物滤池 (ZBAF)对氨氮的去除包括生物硝化和离子交换两种作用。中试装置启动试验表明 ,初期对氨氮的去除以离子交换作用为主 ,末期以硝化作用为主 ,不能以氨氮总去除率达到稳定作为启动过程结束的标志 ,而应以氨氮硝化去除率达到稳定作为标志。沿程试验表明 ,硝化细菌对沸石的“生物再生功能” ,实质是已被沸石交换的氨氮被水中浓度较大的其他阳离子交换下来后 ,被硝化菌所利用的现象 ;沸石表面有生物膜时 ,仍具有交换氨氮能力     

低浓度硫化氢废气的液相催化氧化法净化实验研究

针对H2S浓度为750~1500mg/m3的气体的液相催化氧化技术进行了动力学实验研究。配制了以铁基离子作为主催化剂的复合吸收净化溶液,同时加入稳定剂和表面活性剂提高催化剂在碱性吸收溶液的活性。分别考察了原料气中H2S、O2含量以及吸收液中催化剂离子浓度、温度等因素对吸收速率的影响;确定了较为理想的吸收操作条件并获得了较好的吸收净化效果;饱和吸收液易于再生,净化性能恢复良好,可重复使用。     

多相催化-臭氧氧化法处理模拟有机磷农药废水

实验通过臭氧氧化法来降解模拟废水中的有机磷农药，将其转化为无害物质，并试验研究了在废水中加入2种自制的催化剂对降解结果的影响。采用气相色谱法测定水中有机磷农药的量。结果表明，只用臭氧处理的情况下1周后有机磷的去除率为78．03％；在催化剂A存在下，去除率可达93．85％；在催化剂B存在下，去除率可达为88．35％。结果表明，臭氧氧化法对此类污水：具有较好的降解作用，尤其在有催化剂存在的情况下处理效果更好，在室温和中性介质中均属于一级反应。