Rice straw for energy and value-added products in China: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The rise of global waste and the decline of fossil fuels are calling for recycling waste into energy and materials. For example, rice straw, a by-product of rice...     

An empirical analysis on the impact of environmental regulations on pork trade:evidence from China

This paper uses the gravity model to examine the effect of environmental regulations on pork trade flows between different regions within China.We apply a linear programming tool to estimate pork trade flows from 2000 to 2008,and discuss the environmental acts on livestock pollution and income level to proxy environmental regulations.We use OLS regression and panel data with dummy variable in the cross-sectional GLS estimation.Our results indicate that the gap of environmental regulations between trade partners has a positive relationship with pork trade flows,and the difference in environmental regulations changes the traditional comparative advantage pattern to some extent.This paper provides convincing evidence for the pollution haven effect on livestock in China.     

严惩环境污染犯罪观念之反思

目前,中国重大环境污染事故频发,严重危害了公民居住的环境甚至是公共安全,在社会上引起了广泛影响,民众要求严惩环境污染犯罪的观念也日益盛行。从客观上来讲,严惩环境污染犯罪有一定的意义,但此种观念的蔓延也可能带来一系列的副作用,因此有必要对此种观念进行深刻反思。通过对环境污染犯罪进行综合分析可以发现,导致此类犯罪的原因是多方面的,因而预防该类犯罪的方法也应当是多元的,仅仅严惩是起不到防治环境污染犯罪效果的。     

带自调整修正因子的除尘烟气温度模糊控制器设计

针对除尘器烟气温度系统参数复杂多变、工况波动大等情况,设计了一种依据多点温度值及其变化,实时模糊推断混风阀开度的自调整修正因子模糊控制器.在宝钢股份南通分公司30 t电炉除坐系统中实际运行表明,该控制器与简单模糊控制和带固定调整因子模糊控制器相比,动态响应速度快,能有效防止高温烧袋和低温结露,并且使混风量始终调整在最佳...     

精神熵分析法的提出及应用

随着机械、电子器件可靠性的不断提高,系统的安全性越来越取决于人的行为。当人处于不良的精神状态,就可能做出本人意愿之外的失误,从而导致事故的发生。因此,针对人的无意识失误进行分析并提出改进措施,可以提高系统的安全水平,降低事故风险。本文提出的精神熵分析方法,以安全学原理、心理学、安全人机工程学为基础提出六个评价指标,结合熵权法的计算原理。通过班组人员岗前自评的形式,员工给出六项指标的分数,并计算自己的最终得分,以此来评估员工在岗时的精神状态。管理者依据一定原则对低分项进行询问,发现问题并提出解决办法,最终降低并控制无意识失误导致的事故风险。     

Hydrothermal solidification behavior of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash without any additives

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash could be solidified with and without slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) addition by a hydrothermal method under steam pressure of 1.56 MPa at 200 °C for up to 72 h. Experimental results showed that CSH gel or tobermorite exerted a main influence on strength development, and without any additives CSH gel was easy to form, while slaked lime addition favored to form tobermorite. Tobermorite seemed to exert a larger effect on the strength development than CSH gel. Leaching results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals dissolved from the solidified specimens were effectively reduced after hydrothermal processing. The immobilization was mainly due to the tobermorite or CSH gel formation, and Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ seemed to be fixed more readily than Cr⁶⁺, which might be the reason that the structural Ca²⁺ within tobermorite or CSH gel was exchanged by Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ more easily than Cr⁶⁺. In addition, there existed a close relationship between leaching concentration and strength enhancement, and a higher strength seemed to exert a larger effect on immobilization of heavy metals.     

板框压滤机在三元复合驱采出液废渣处理中的应用

采用调质-离心处理工艺,在已建含油污泥处理站进行三元废渣的后续处理现场试验。试验结果表明:三元废渣不易分散,在离心过程中易造成离心机内部堵塞,目前污泥处理站离心处理三元废渣的最高含聚浓度为80mg/L。利用板框压滤机对进入含油污泥处理站处理前的高含聚三元废渣进行预处理,处理后三元废渣中含聚浓度小于80mg/L,含固量25%~40%,含油量小于4%。     

入太湖河流武进港的区域景观格局与河流水质相关性分析

以武进港区域为例,通过遥感解译得到土地利用分类数据,以区域7个水质监测断面为中心生成缓冲区,并借助FRAGSTATS软件计算各用地类型面积比例以及斑块数量(NP)、面积加权斑块分型指数(FRAC_AM)、香农多样性指数(SHDI)、香农均匀度指数(SHEI)、蔓延度指数(CONTAG)等5个景观格局指数,从组成属性和空间属性两方面表征景观格局,进而分析景观格局与河流水质的相关关系.结果表明,区域景观格局与河流水质有显著相关关系:建设用地的面积比例与污染指标呈显著正相关,表明建设用地为区域污染物产生和输出的主要用地类型,也是影响河流水质的关键因素;而耕地的面积比例与污染指标呈显著负相关;各景观指数与水质均存在关联,特别是SHDI和SHEI与污染指标体现了明显的负相关,CONTAG与污染指标体现出明显的正相关.     

淮南—蚌埠段淮河流域沉积物中PAHs的分布及来源辨析

采用GC-MS对淮南至蚌埠段淮河流域水源地、支流及排污口采集沉积物中18种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行定量分析.结果表明,研究区水源地及其支流沉积物中PAHs含量范围为308.12～1090.37ng/g;排污口沉积物PAHs范围为1308.36～8793.16ng/g.沉积物PAHs组成以3～4环PAHs为主,5～6环PAHs相对较少.相对于TOC,BC与沉积物总PAHs的含量相关性更好.PAHs组成特征、主成分分析及多特征比值揭示淮南至蚌埠段淮河流域沉积物PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧,还有少量石油类产品的输入.生态风险评价结果显示,研究区沉积物中多数PAHs化合物已超出ER-L值和ISQV-L值,而姚家湾排污口沉积物PAHs部分化合物已超出ER-H值和ISQV-H值,表明沉积物中的PAHs对研究区环境已造成了极大的生态风险.