电解法处理活性染料废水的研究

某化工厂活性染料生产废水高CODCr值、高浓度、高色度、高盐分、成分复杂、有毒有害物质多、可生化性差。实验确定了废水经AS剂絮凝和电解预处理的研究方案。主要考察了电极极板材料、电解pH值、电解电压大小、电解时间和电极极板间距对CODCr去除效果的影响 ,从而确定了最佳电解条件 :采用石墨板电极 ,pH =3,电解电压 6 5V ,电解时间 5 0min ,电极极板间距 5cm。最佳条件下经放大实验 ,发现CODCr去除率高达 70 %以上。     

锰生物氧化的研究进展及在水处理中的应用

自然界中锰氧化物的形成主要是通过微生物作用,而锰的微生物氧化机制较为复杂,除了多铜氧化酶、过氧化物酶外,最近发现微生物生成的超氧化物可能也参与了锰的氧化.微生物生成的生物锰氧化物具有较高的吸附氧化活性,其微观结构和活性会随时间快速变化.比如,锰的生物氧化初级产物具有强的诱导Mn(Ⅱ)氧化的活性,而次级产物则几乎没有.锰的生物氧化过程复杂而又广泛进行着,尤其在含锰水体的处理单元中发挥着重要的净水作用,为了深刻理解生物锰氧化物,对锰氧化细菌和真菌、锰生物氧化机理、生物锰氧化物的吸附氧化特征及潜在的工程应用等当前研究热点问题进行了综述.     

论全球生态经济系统的不可持续性——基于农业生态系统承载力视角

运用3种方法预测的作物产量潜力分别为：（1）利用作物历年单产回归拟合后进行趋势外推,得出多数作物的未来产量潜力极限大约将是现在单产的2～3倍;（2）运用＂国际应用系统研究所＂（IIASA）与＂联合国粮农组织＂（FAO）共同开发的＂农业生态区划＂（AEZ）模型计算我国主要粮油作物的区域单产最高潜力,得出水稻、小麦、玉米、马铃薯、油菜和大豆的单产潜力分别是它们2005年全国平均单产的1.2、2.2、2.2、2.9、2.0、1.9倍;（3）运用自然界中植物的最大光能利用率计算世界主要粮油作物单产的光合潜力,得出水稻、小麦、玉米、马铃薯、油菜、大豆产量的最大光合生产潜力大约分别是目前高产地区单产的1.4、2.5、1.2、1.8、1.9、2.2倍。据此：从作物产量潜力极限出发,阐述了农业生态系统的承载力;再从＂封闭＂系统特性出发,论述了全球生态经济系统的不可持续性。人类所能做的是尽力延缓＂终点＂的出现：行动越早,效果越好。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in effluents from wastewater treatment plants and receiving streams in Tianjin, China

Surface water, suspended particulate matter, pore water, and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Yongding New River, South Drainage Canal and North Drainage Canal, which receive most of wastewater from industrial city of Tianjin. PAH concentrations in effluent samples of wastewater treatment plants (WTP) discharging into the South Drainage Canal and North Drainage Canal were quantified for the first time. The results showed that the discharge of the WTPs recently only contributed to the PAH contamination in the canals near the outlets of the WTPs. PAH levels in sediments of the streams were greatly higher than those in soils by riverbank probably due to receiving large amounts of untreated wastewater. Unusually high benz[a] anthracene concentration strongly influenced the seasonal and spatial variation of total PAH concentrations in South Drainage Canal. Paired samples t test of ??Nap, Fl, Phe, Fluo and ??Nap, Phe, Fluo, Chry concentrations, which were dominant components in the air samples from non-heating and heating season, respectively, in the suspended particulate matters from the streams showed that PAH source from air deposition was more important for Yongding New River than that for South Drainage Canal and North Drainage Canal. Source apportionment based on PAH profiles indicated that coal combustion was the major PAH contamination source, and coke oven sources and wood combustion also contributed to the PAH contamination of the streams. This was further indicated by organic petrography analysis.     

充分利用农业资源,发展我国粮食生产

我国粮食生产的制约因素较多。为了达到我国粮食产量稳定增长的目的,我们必须针对我国农业资源的特点,趋利避害,充分发挥其优势,挖掘生产潜力;搞好宏观调控,调动各方面的积极性,发展粮食生产。这样,2000年实观我国粮食总产量达到 5亿t,人均占有粮食400kg 的目的是可能的。     

Arsenic species in electronic cigarettes: Determination and potential health risk

Human exposure to contaminants from electronic cigarettes(e-cigarettes) and the associated health effects are poorly understood.There has been no report on the speciation of arsenic in e-liquid(solution used for e-cigarettes) and aerosols.We report here determination of arsenic species in e-liquids and aerosols generated from vaping the e-liquid.Seventeen e-liquid samples of major brands,purchased from local and online stores in Canada and China,were analyzed for arsenic species using high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Aerosols condensed from vaping the eliquids were also analyzed and compared for arsenic species.Six arsenic species were detected,including inorganic arsenate(iAs~Ⅴ),arsenite(iAs~Ⅲ),monomethylarsonic acid(MMA),and three new arsenic species not reported previously.In e-liquids,iAs~Ⅲ was detected in 59%,iAs~Ⅴ in 94%,and MMA in 47% of the samples.In the condensate of aerosols from vaping the e-liquids,iAs~Ⅲ was detected in 100%,iAsv in 88%,and MMA in 13% of the samples.Inorganic arsenic species were predominant in e-liquids and aerosols of e-cigarettes.The concentration of iAs~Ⅲ in the condensate of aerosols(median 3.27 μg/kg) was significantly higher than that in the e-liquid(median 1.08 μg/kg) samples.The concentration of inorganic arsenic in the vaping air was approximately 3.4 μg/m~3,which approaches to the permissible exposure limit(10 μg/m~3) set by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA).According to the Environmental Protection Agency's unit risk factor(4.3 × 10~(-3) per μg/m~3) for inhalation exposure to inorganic arsenic in the air,the estimated excess lung cancer risk from lifetime exposure to inorganic arsenic in the ecigarette vaping air(3.4 μg/m~3),assuming e-cigarette vaping at 1% of the time,is as high as1.5 × 10~(-4).These results raise health concerns over the exposure to arsenic from electronic cigarettes.     

不同调理剂提高泔脚蚯蚓堆肥效率的研究

为防治泔脚对环境的污染,提高泔脚蚯蚓堆肥效率,针对泔脚的理化性质,分别添加玉米秸秆、青草绿化垃圾、茶叶渣、土壤作为调理剂,使基质初始C/N接近30,研究了不同调理剂对泔脚蚯蚓堆肥效率的影响。另设置不加调理剂纯泔脚蚯蚓堆肥作对照,对泔脚基质的降解情况、蚯蚓的生长繁殖情况、堆肥肥料质量进行了研究。结果表明,在纯泔脚中加入调理剂可以改善泔脚的性状,促进蚯蚓生长繁殖,提高泔脚降解效率,但对豌豆植株生长的肥效作用相对纯泔脚改善不明显。不同调理剂对泔脚基本性质的改善效果不同,综合考虑,以玉米秸秆作为调理剂最能提高泔脚蚯蚓堆肥的效率。     

环境中重金属和有机污染物的物种敏感性分布研究进展

物种敏感性分布法(SSD,Species Sensitivity Distribution)是一种相对于传统评价因子法具有更高置信度的统计学外推方法,在环境质量基准制定及生态风险评价中得到广泛应用。本文对近年来国内外重金属和有机污染物的物种敏感性分布研究成果进行了综述,阐述了在水体、土壤和沉积物等环境介质中应用SSD方法开展生态风险评价的研究现状,从SSD模型选择、毒性数据点筛选等方面对影响SSD模型不确定性的因素进行探讨,并对SSD方法在生态风险评价领域的应用进行了展望。     

富含活性氯与Al_(13)水处理药剂对铜氰络合物去除效能

含重金属铜离子与氰离子(CN)的络合物广泛存在于电镀、冶金等工业废水中,是一种较难处理的污染物。富含活性氯和Al13聚合体的水处理药剂(PACC)兼具氧化和絮凝效能,在处理含重金属氰络合物([Cu(CN)3]2-)废水方面具有良好的应用前景。研究PACC与[Cu(CN)3]2-的反应计量学、动力学,考察了pH、反应时间和投药量等影响因素,确定PACC的最佳工作参数。结果表明,PACC可同时实现对CN的氧化和对Cu2+的絮凝,有效去除水中[Cu(CN)3]2-。使用PACC对[Cu(CN)3]2-的无害化处置过程分为2个阶段:CN-首先被氧化成氰酸根(OCN-);然后OCN-被进一步氧化并生成碳酸氢根和氮气,同时所释放的游离态铜离子被絮凝去除。这2个阶段反应的最佳pH分别为11和8,去除1 mol[Cu(CN)3]2-的最佳投药量为9.35 mol Cl2的PACC;在此条件下反应43 min后,其出水中CN-和Cu2+的浓度均达到排放标准(GB21900-2008)要求。     

长链烷基化物与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的共振光散射研究

应用荧光分光度计进行共振光散射测定,研究了水相介质中长链烷基化物十二烷基硫酸钠（SLS）与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的结合平衡。实验表明,在微酸性条件下,SLS与BSA形成的复合物引起共振散射增强,根据470mm的光散射增强信号建立了一定酸度下SLS与BSA结合的数学关系式,随着pH值的变化,二者相互作用的结合平衡常数（Kf）及每分子BSA所结合的SLS个数（n）均不相同。