聚吡咯膜电极选择性分离离子研究

电渗析作为一种高效且环境友好的电驱动膜分离技术,可以在外加直流电场的驱动下实现离子的选择性分离,被广泛应用于水处理与资源回收,其中离子交换膜是选择性分离的关键 . 本研究采用电化学沉积法成功制备了聚吡咯/对甲苯磺酸(PPy/pTS)膜电极,发现其可在0.4 V 与-0.8 V(vs. Ag/AgCl)下分别发生氧化和还原反应,并伴随着阴离子的嵌入和脱出,从而实现阴离子的富集与分离 .采用 PPy/pTS 膜电极建立了膜电极电渗析器并进行 Cl^-和 SO₄^2-的分离 . 研究发现低 pTS 的掺杂量有助于提高离子分离性能,pTS 浓度为 0.1 mol·L^-1时,接收液 Cl^-和SO₄^2-的浓度分别为 0.59 mmol·L^-1和 0.03 mmol·L^-1,Cl^-/SO₄^2-分离因子可以达到 13.92.此外,优化 PPy/p...     

Vertical distributions of wintertime atmospheric nitrogenous compounds and the corresponding OH radicals production in Leshan, southwest China

Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations were operated from 02 to 21 December 2018 in Leshan, southwest China, to measure HONO, NO₂ and aerosol extinction vertical distributions, and these were the first MAX-DOAS measurement results in Sichuan Basin. During the measurement period, characteristic ranges for surface concentration were found to be 0.26–4.58 km^?1 and averaged at 0.93 km^?1 for aerosol extinction, 0.49 to 35.2 ppb and averaged at 4.57 ppb for NO₂ and 0.03 to 7.38 ppb and averaged at 1.05 ppb for HONO. Moreover, vertical profiles of aerosol, NO₂ and HONO were retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurements using the Heidelberg Profile (HEIPRO) algorithm. By analysing the vertical gradients of pollutants and meteorological information, we found that aerosol and HONO are strongly localised, while NO₂ is mainly transmitted from the north direction (city center direction). Nitrogen oxides such as HONO and NO₂ are important for the production of hydroxyl radical (OH) and oxidative capacity in the troposphere. In this study, the averaged value of OH production rate from HONO is about 0.63 ppb/hr and maximum value of ratio between OH production from HONO and from (HONO+O₃) is > 93% before12:00 in Leshan. In addition, combustion emission contributes to 26% for the source of HONO in Leshan, and we found that more NO₂ being converted to HONO under the conditions with high aerosol extinction coefficient and high relative humidity is also a dominant factor for the secondary produce of HONO.     

长沙地区O3污染潜势广义可加模型的季节分异性

基于长沙市2016—2019年臭氧（O₃）浓度的逐时监测资料以及该时段同时次的气象观测数据,首先利用相关性分析和方差膨胀因子相结合的方法排除了相对湿度、太阳辐射、气温、风速、气压之间存在多重共线性问题,进而构建了春、夏、秋、冬四季O₃日最大8 h滑动平均质量浓度（O₃-8 h）与上述气象因子的广义可加模型（GAMs）,分析了O₃污染潜势GAMs模型的季节分异特征。结果表明：①春、夏、秋、冬四季O₃与相对湿度、太阳辐射、气温、风速、气压各变量之间多呈现出非线性关系（自由度大于1）。②春、夏、秋、冬四季多变量GAMs模型方差解释率（IRV）分别为80.7%、60.2%、83.0%、81.4%,调整判定系数R²分别为0.795、0.564、0.819、0.795,即不同季节气象因子在GAMs模型中对O₃的解释能力存在显著差异,秋季最好,冬春季次之,夏季最差。③相对湿度、太阳辐射、气温是决定春、夏、秋、冬四季O₃浓度变化最重要的气象要素,但其重要性排序随季节有所变化,对应的太阳辐射的F统计值分别为140.841、36.606、14.16、46.377,相对湿度的F统计值分别为3.291、4.158、15.82、8.105,气温的F统计值分别为7.030、2.113、15.79、3.340。该结论揭示了气象因子对O₃演化影响的复杂性,并为后续O₃污染潜势的预报奠定了基础。     

Arsenic species in electronic cigarettes: Determination and potential health risk

Human exposure to contaminants from electronic cigarettes(e-cigarettes) and the associated health effects are poorly understood.There has been no report on the speciation of arsenic in e-liquid(solution used for e-cigarettes) and aerosols.We report here determination of arsenic species in e-liquids and aerosols generated from vaping the e-liquid.Seventeen e-liquid samples of major brands,purchased from local and online stores in Canada and China,were analyzed for arsenic species using high-perfo...     

生物强化水解酸化过程前后微生物群落结构变化

通过利用生物强化技术提高水解酸化处理模拟印染废水的处理效果,包括共基质强化和菌剂强化两个方面。菌剂和共基质强化结果表明,菌剂A和菌剂B的加入将脱色率分别提高了2.33%和7.20%,当不加碳源时,脱色效果比较差(低于6.00%),而蔗糖的加入能提高脱色率至45.29%。利用PCR-DGGE技术追踪生物强化前后微生物群落结构信息,结果表明,菌剂和共基质的加入都对水解酸化池的微生物群落结构有较大影响。菌剂A和B强化后,水解酸化池的微生物多样性指数H(Shannon Weaver)由2.38分别增长到2.56和2.69,而共基质调控使得H由2.94增加到3.16。菌剂强化后,优势菌厚壁菌(Firmicutes)得到强化。通过共基质强化,优势菌拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌(Firmicutes)得到强化,它们可能在染料降解中起到重要作用。     

Vertical distributions of tropospheric SO2 based on MAX-DOAS observations: Investigating the impacts of regional transport at different heights in the boundary layer

Information on the vertical distribution of air pollutants is essential for understanding their spatiotemporal evolution underlying urban atmospheric environment. This paper presents the SO₂ profiles based on ground-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements from March 2018 to February 2019 in Hefei, East China. SO₂ decrease rapidly with increasing heights in the warm season, while lifted layers were observed in the cold season, indicating accumulation or long-range transport of SO₂ in different seasons might occur at different heights. The diurnal variations of SO₂ were roughly consistent for all four seasons, exhibiting the minimum at noon and higher values in the morning and late afternoon. Lifted layers of SO₂ were observed in the morning for fall and winter, implying the accumulation or transport of SO₂ in the morning mainly occurred at the top of the boundary layer. The bivariate polar plots showed that weighted SO₂ concentrations in the lower altitude were weakly dependent on wind, but in the middle and upper altitudes, higher weighted SO₂ concentrations were observed under conditions of middle-high wind speed. Concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis suggested that potential sources of SO₂ in spring and summer were local and transported mainly occurred in the lower altitude from southern and eastern areas; while in fall and winter, SO₂ concentrations were deeply affected by long-range transport from northwestern and northern polluted regions in the middle and upper altitudes. Our findings provide new insight into the impacts of regional transport at different heights in the boundary layer on SO₂ pollution.     

镍铝复合金属氧化物电极电吸附去除水中硫代硫酸根研究

水滑石是一种高效的电吸附材料,可用于工业废水中硫代硫酸盐的去除.硫代硫酸盐(S2O2-3)是废水中主要含硫污染物.本研究采用共沉淀法,在泡沫镍基体上成功合成了Ni Al-LDHs,并经煅烧成功转化为Ni Al-LMO电极.NiAl-LMO电极电化学性能稳定,可逆性好,比电容可达577F·g-1.NiAl-LMO电极在外加电压为1. 0 V、p H为7、温度40℃时,对S2O2-3电吸附效率最高达60.9%,施加相反电压后S2O2-3电脱附率达84.9%.本研究为含S2O2-3废水处理提供了新的电吸附电极材料和技术选择.     

人工培育家蚕蛹虫草海宁株的药理学研究

对人工培育的家蚕蛹虫草菌进行了毒性和药理实验．结果表明，家蚕蛹虫草未显示毒性，并且具有同冬虫夏草相似的效率，如延缓衰老、镇静、消炎、抗缺氧和抗肿瘤等作用，图13表1参15     

Migration,Transformation and Removal of Macrolide Antibiotics in The Environment: A Review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Macrolide antibiotics (MAs), as a typical emerging pollutant, are widely detected in environmental media. When entering the environment, MAs can...     

Membrane fouling reduction through electrochemically regulating flocs aggregation in an electro-coagulation membrane reactor

Coupling coagulation and applied electric field is an efficient method to regulate cake layer porosity and hydrophilicity for alleviating ultrafiltration membrane (UF) fouling. However, the Al/Fe flocs aggregation behavior are induced from electric field and determine the cake layer structure, which has not been studied comparatively yet. Herein, the anti-fouling performance in an efficient electro-coagulation membrane reactor (ECMR, in which UF membrane modules are placed between electrodes) was investigated with Al/Fe anode and various electrochemical parameters from the viewpoint of regulating flocs aggregation. Both the cake layers formed from Al and Fe flocs under an electric field were more porous and hydrophilic in comparison with that formed without electric fields, resulting in an enhanced water flux under higher electric field strength. Comparing with Fe flocs, Al flocs had a faster growth rate and larger size, facilitating membrane pore block resistant, which was more pronounced in a higher current density. Furthermore, the cake layer formed from Al flocs was more porous than that formed from Fe flocs. Therefore, the anti-fouling performance of ECMR with Al anode was superior to that of ECMR with Fe anode. When the electric field strength increased from 0 to 10?V/cm, the normalized specific flux was improved from 71.2% to 89.4% for ECMR (Al) and from 48.1% to 70.1% for ECMR (Fe) at 30?min.