Investigating the impact of Glyoxal retrieval from MAX-DOAS observations during haze and non-haze conditions in Beijing

This study presents the Multi Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(MAXDOAS) measurements for Glyoxal(CHOCHO) in Beijing, China(39.95°N, 116.32°E). CHOCHO is the smallest compound of di-carbonyl group. As a primary sink of CHOCHO, its photolysis with NOx(oxides of nitrogen) results in the production of tropospheric ozone. Therefore,the focus of CHOCHO DOAS measurements is increasing in trend. We did the measurements from 09 May 2017 to 09 September 2017. The study was conducted to compare different retrieval settings in order to reveal best DOAS fit settings for CHOCHO;furthermore, effect of haze and non-haze days on CHOCHO concentration was examined.The root mean square of residual and Differential Slant Column density(dSCD) error was reduced when measurements were done with lower wavelength limit around 432–438 nm and upper intervals around 455–460 nm. Thus, lower wavelength intervals around432–438 nm and upper intervals around 457–460 nm were best for the retrieval of dSCDs for CHOCHO. Meteorological conditions like haze or non-haze days did not have significant effect on DOAS fit parameters. The CHOCHO vertical column densities range from 1.33 E +14 to 9.77 E + 14 molecules/cm2 during the study period with average of 6.16 E +14 molecules/cm2. The results indicated that during haze days CHOCHO concentration was higher because of lower rate of photolysis and atmospheric oxidation potential. Our results did not show any significant weekend effect on CHOCHO atmospheric concentration.     

基于修正惯用法的埋深对圆形隧道地震反应影响∗

采用修正惯用法,在考虑土拱效应对圆形隧道结构受力状态影响的基础上,研究了埋深对地下结构地震反应的影响规律。首先,对比分析了不考虑和考虑土拱效应时、地震荷载作用前,隧道结构内力分布及随埋深的变化规律;将作用于隧道结构上的水平地震荷载等效为围岩土体变形导致的土压力的改变值;继而探讨了考虑土拱效应后,地震荷载引起的隧道结构内力的改变,研究了不同地震动强度下,埋深对圆形隧道结构地震反应的影响规律。 研究结果显示,地震作用下,圆形隧道结构的内力随着埋置深度的增加呈现出先增大后减小或趋于稳定的趋势,即圆形隧道结构地震反应存在一个抗震关键埋深。     

静载作用下埋地管道数值模拟及其力学性能分析

针对静载作用下埋地管道变形与力学性能,通过有限元数值模拟与模型试验对比分析,验证了有限元数值方法可靠性,进而综合分析了管周砂土相对密实度Dr、加载板宽度B、加载板中心距管道中心水平距离L、管道埋深H和管壁厚度t等因素对管道性能的影响。结果表明:增加Dr,管道正上方加载板极限承载力显著增加,相同荷载下管道应变和径向变形相应减小,管道应变以环向压应变为主;同等条件下随着B的增加,加载板极限承载力呈近似线性增加,管道径向变形和应变增长速率明显增加;随着管道埋深H增加,管道正上方加载板极限承载力先增加后减少,并最终趋于稳定,当埋深为3 D时管顶处竖向应力约为无管道时的50%,管顶土拱效应明显;当增加L时加载对管道径向变形和应变的影响持续减弱,二者沿管周的分布规律明显变化;增加管壁厚度可有效抑制管道环向应变,但对管道径向变形和加载板极限承载力无明显影响。     

煤助滤强化城市污泥脱水后的热值资源化利用

研究了以颗粒煤为助滤剂,采用"真空一加压"二段式过滤强化城市污泥脱水的工艺效果.利用热值分析、工业分析和TG-DTA测试手段考察了泥煤混合物料热值资源化利用的前景.实验表明:按m(泥):m(煤)分别为1∶2和1∶3,向含水率为96.41%的消化污泥中添加粒度为0.15～0.18 mm颗粒煤,经0.02 MPa真空过滤3...     

格栅纵/横肋对筋-土界面拉拔特性的影响研究

为了研究格栅加筋土体复合材料的加筋机理,借助砂土中双向格栅的拉拔试验,综合研究了纵肋根数、纵肋长度、横肋数量和格栅裁剪方式等对筋?土界面作用特性和格栅横肋贡献率的影响。研究结果表明：无横肋时筋材拔出对应的极限拉拔力随纵肋根数增加近似呈线性增加,并随筋材单根纵肋长度的增加,筋材极限拉拔力对应的加载端位移增大;当筋材长度增加且大于临界长度时,摩擦阻力增量斜率降低;保持纵肋相同,增加横肋数量筋材极限拉拔力增加,且横肋端承阻力对拉拔力贡献率逐渐增加,受横肋位置影响横肋对筋材拉拔力贡献率的增幅逐渐降低;针对相同的 50% 横肋百分比,筋材裁剪方式对筋?土界面摩擦作用效果显著,格栅横、纵肋分布越均匀,格栅极限拉拔力越大,表明格栅网格均匀性是确保加筋效果的关键因素之一。     

加压生物氧化法处理乙胺废水

用加压生物氧化实验设备处理乙基胺及异丙胺生产的工艺废水,进水ＣＯＤ１０００－３０００Ｍｇ／Ｌ设备ＣＯＤ容积负荷Ｆｖ为４－２３ｋｇ（ｍ＾３．ｄ）,经过２－６ｈＣＯＤ去除率为８５％－９５％,出水〈１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,达到国家规定的排放标准。     

国外企业环境责任研究综述

迄今,西方社会早已迈过严重污染阶段(如雾霾),环境责任承担(CER)几乎成为跨国企业的标准范式,全面回顾国外CER研究对深处环境危机中的中国来说具有很强的现实意义。本文回顾了国外学术界从商业伦理、利益相关者管理、战略管理、环境行为及环境绩效视角的CER研究,归纳总结了CER概念主张及维度测量。研究发现,制度环境、市场状况、产业现状、利益相关者等是促成企业CER行动的外部因素,而企业规模、发展战略、治理结构以及技术条件等是制约CER行动的内部因素,内外多种因素的整合作用决定企业CER行为。此外,研究还发现,CER可以提升资源利用效率、降低成本费用与提升技术能力等,还能够帮助企业获得良好声誉和改善品牌形象,在一定条件下也可帮助企业建构可持续竞争优势,甚至对企业的财务绩效产生积极影响。最后,本文展望了CER研究的全球本土化、创新性、实务性以及中小企业化等发展方向,并分析探讨了国外CER研究对中国本土研究和CER实务的启示。     

再生聚丙烯增韧改性研究

对回收聚丙烯(RPP)进行增韧改性,制备回收聚丙烯/回收胶粉(RPP/WRP)和回收聚丙烯/热塑性弹性体POE(RPP/POE)共混材料,研究两种共混材料的韧性、力学、热、流变性能和形态.结果表明,RPP/WRP改性体系有较好的韧性和耐热性,较高的硬度,属于假塑性流体,回收胶粉可以部分替代POE作为某些制品的增韧剂.     

富含活性氯与Al13水处理药剂对铜氰络合物去除效能

含重金属铜离子与氰离子（CN）的络合物广泛存在于电镀、冶金等工业废水中,是一种较难处理的污染物。富含活性氯和Al13聚合体的水处理药剂（PACC）兼具氧化和絮凝效能,在处理含重金属氰络合物（[Cu（CN）3]2-）废水方面具有良好的应用前景。研究PACC与[Cu（CN）3]2-的反应计量学、动力学,考察了pH、反应时间和投药量等影响因素,确定PACC的最佳工作参数。结果表明,PACC可同时实现对CN的氧化和对Cu2＋的絮凝,有效去除水中[cu（CN）3]2-使用PACC对[Cu（CN）3]2-的无害化处置过程分为2个阶段：CN-首先被氧化成氰酸根（OCN）;然后OCN-被进一步氧化并生成碳酸氢根和氮气,同时所释放的游离态铜离子被絮凝去除。这2个阶段反应的最佳pH分别为11和8,去除1tool[Cu（CN）3]2-的最佳投药量为9．35molCl2的PACC;在此条件下反应43min后,其出水中CN-和Cu2＋的浓度均达到排放标准（GB21900—2008）要求。     

A hybrid fuel cell for water purification and simultaneously electricity generation

● A novel hybrid fuel cell (F-HFC) was fabricated. ● Pollutant degradation and synchronous electricity generation occurred in F-HFC. ● BiOCl-NH₄PTA photocatalyst greatly improved electron transfer and charge separation. ● Pollutant could act as substrate directly in ambient conditions without pretreatment. ● The mechanism of the F-HFC was proposed and elucidated. The development of highly efficient energy conversion technologies to extract energy from wastewater is urgently needed, especially in facing of increasing energy and environment burdens. Here, we successfully fabricated a novel hybrid fuel cell with BiOCl-NH₄PTA as photocatalyst. The polyoxometalate (NH₄PTA) act as the acceptor of photoelectrons and could retard the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, which lead to superior photocatalytic degradation. By utilizing BiOCl-NH₄PTA as photocatalysts and Pt/C air-cathode, we successfully constructed an electron and mass transfer enhanced photocatalytic hybrid fuel cell with flow-through field (F-HFC). In this novel fuel cell, dyes and biomass could be directly degraded and stable power output could be obtained. About 87 % of dyes could be degraded in 30 min irradiation and nearly 100 % removed within 90 min. The current density could reach up to ~267.1 μA/cm²; with maximum power density (P_max) of ~16.2 μW/cm² with Rhodamine B as organic pollutant in F-HFC. The power densities were 9.0 μW/cm², 12.2 μW/cm², and 13.9 μW/cm² when using methyl orange (MO), glucose and starch as substrates, respectively. This hybrid fuel cell with BiOCl-NH₄PTA composite fulfills the purpose of decontamination of aqueous organic pollutants and synchronous electricity generation. Moreover, the novel design cell with separated photodegradation unit and the electricity generation unit could bring potential practical application in water purification and energy recovery from wastewater.