基于两种再分析资料的一次四川盆地大气污染过程气象要素数值模拟研究

利用ECMWF-ERA5和NCEP-FNL再分析资料作为中尺度气象模式WRF（The Weather Research and Forecasting）初始场,对四川盆地2018年1月一次大气污染过程气象要素进行了模拟,对比分析了气温、风速、风向、相对湿度、边界层高度、温廓线的模拟效果,并结合大气超级站观测数据对模拟结果进行评估.结果表明：两种资料均能较好地模拟出气象要素的变化情况,但由于两套资料时空分辨率、采用的模式、同化方案、数据来源和质量控制方案存在一定区别,导致各要素模拟效果并不一致.与NCEP-FNL相比,ECMWF-ERA5模拟的平均相对湿度（59.23%）与观测值差异更小,且均方根误差、偏差较小,分别为9.83%和-0.83%,但NCEP-FNL模拟的平均气温（8.99℃）更接近观测值,且偏差值较小,为-0.04℃.两组模拟结果均显示盆地内部为模拟区域的低风速区,相对湿度模拟值在60%以上,气温高于西部山地地区.NCEP-FNL模拟的盆地内部气温、相对湿度、风速小于ECMWF-ERA5模拟值,但边界层高度模拟值较大.ECMWF-ERA5模拟的逆温强度相比较小,且温度露点差较小.此次污染过程PM_2.5和PM₁₀日均浓度最大值分别为190.1 μg·m^-3和261.0 μg·m^-3,相对湿度增大引发的颗粒物吸湿增长是导致PM_2.5和PM₁₀质量浓度突增的主要原因.     

Highly efficient P uptake by Fe3O4 loaded amorphous Zr-La (carbonate) oxides: Electrostatic attraction, inner-sphere complexation and oxygen vacancies acceleration effect

Bimetallic oxides composites have received an increasing attention as promising adsorbents for aqueous phosphate (P) removal in recent years. In this study, a novel magnetic composite MZLCO was prepared by hybridizing amorphous Zr-La (carbonate) oxides (ZLCO) with nano-Fe₃O₄ through a one-pot solvothermal method for efficient phosphate adsorption. Our optimum sample of MZLCO-45 exhibited a high Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of 96.16 mg P/g and performed well even at low phosphate concentration. The phosphate adsorption kinetics by MZLCO-45 fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption capacity could reach 79% of the ultimate value within the first 60 min. The phosphate adsorption process was highly pH-dependent, and MZLCO-45 performed well over a wide pH range of 2.0-8.0. Moreover, MZLCO-45 showed a strong selectivity to phosphate in the presence of competing ions (Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, HCO₃⁻, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺) and a good reusability using the eluent of NaOH/NaCl mixture, then 64% adsorption capacity remained after ten recycles. The initial 2.0 mg P/L in municipal wastewater and surface water could be efficiently reduced to below 0.1mg P/L by 0.07 g/L MZLCO-45, and the phosphate removal efficiencies were 95.7% and 96.21%, respectively. Phosphate adsorption mechanisms by MZLCO-45 could be attributed to electrostatic attraction and the inner-sphere complexation via ligand exchange forming Zr/La-O-P, -OH and CO₃²⁻ groups on MZLCO-45 surface played important roles in the ligand exchange process. The existence of oxygen vacancies could accelerate the phosphate absorption rate of the MZLCO-45 composites.     

脱硝钢架表面体型系数及风致响应分析∗

火电厂中的脱硝钢架由于其高度较高、外形不规则,风荷载是其承受的主要荷载之一。为确保该类结构风荷载的正确评估,以某典型脱硝钢架为研究对象,基于流固耦合理论,利用数值风洞方法对脱硝钢架结构表面体型系数及风致响应进行了研究。根据刚度与质量等效的原则,提出了复杂脱硝钢架结构连续体模型的简化方法,模型简化前后的 1 阶自振周期与振型接近,可近似模拟原结构的平动情况。风向角的变化对迎风面及变截面处体型系数的影响较大,可以忽略风向角对侧面及顶面体型系数的影响。在 0°风向角工况下,结构的位移与应力极值均显著大于 90°风向角工况。因此,0°风向对于结构而言为相对较不利风向,在脱销钢架整体结构方向布置时应予以避免。     

Effect of indole-3-acetic acid supplementation on the physiology of Lolium perenne L. and microbial activity in cadmium-contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cadmium (Cd) pollution has led to a serious deterioration in soil quality, plant growth, and human health. Therefore, restoration of soil quality is...     

CO2泄漏对稻田水基础水质指标的影响研究

碳捕集与封存（CCS）技术是当前抑制大气中CO₂过快增长的有效方法,但在CCS项目实施过程中仍存在CO₂泄漏而影响地表环境及生态的风险.本研究以龙粳31号和龙稻18号为实验对象,模拟研究地质封存CO₂以不同速率泄漏对稻田水环境基础水质指标D_CO2、pH、DO和ORP的影响,探讨稻田水对地质封存CO₂泄漏的响应规律.结果表明：CO₂泄漏对稻田水的D_CO2、pH、DO和ORP长期影响显著,不同CO₂泄漏速率对稻田水质指标的影响差异显著.在各指标平衡后,稻田水各水质指标均呈现明显的日变化规律,其中D_CO2呈早晚高、午间低的先减后增规律,而pH、DO和ORP均呈早晚低、午间高的先增后减规律.根据各指标差异性分析,建议将稻田水D_CO2作为稻田系统CO₂泄漏监测的主要指标,将pH、DO、ORP作为CO₂泄漏监测的辅助指标.     

北京平原夏垫断裂沉积旋回研究

通过对夏垫断裂下降盘(上盘)第四纪堆积物逐层分析和对比,定性的分析出夏垫断裂下降盘(上盘)距地表10 m范围内,各层的沉积环境和相应的沉积韵律特征。研究发现:由探槽所揭露的地层可以分为7个沉积旋回,每个沉积旋回由上部的细粒层和下部的粗粒层组成,粒度上细下粗;细粒层均为含碳粘土和粉砂质粘土,具有湖相沉积的特点,其沉积环境多为还原环境或弱还原环境;粗粒层一般为细砂、粗砂层,具有快速堆积的特点,其沉积环境多为氧化环境或弱氧化环境;分析认为,断塞沉积所显示的韵律性结构是地震周期性活动的结果,这一研究是揭示夏垫断裂的古地震事件,反演古地震活动并预测其未来行为的基础。     

Proteomics and 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis of pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus aquacultures isolated from sewage drains

Vibrio bacteria live in both marine and freshwater habitats and are associated with aquatic animals. Vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic bacterium that infects people and livestock. It is usually found in offshore waters or within fish and shellfish. This study presents a comparative proteomic analysis of the outer membrane protein (OMP) changes in V. vulnificus proteins after stimulation with sewage from sewage drains. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF MS/MS, 32 protein spots with significant differences in abundance were identified and characterized. These identified proteins were found to be involved in various functional categories, including catalysis, transport, membrane proteins progresses, receptor activity, energy metabolism, cytokine activity, and protein metabolism. The mRNA expression levels of 12 differential proteins were further assessed by qRT-PCR. Seven genes including carboxypeptidase, hemoglobin receptor, succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur subunit, ATP synthase subunit alpha, thioredoxin, succinyl-CoA synthetase subunit, and alanine dehydrogenase were downregulated upon stimulation, whereas the protein expression levels HupA receptor, type I secretion outer membrane protein, glutamine synthetase, superoxide dismutase, OmpU, and VuuA were upregulated. ¹H NMR spectra showed 18 dysregulated metabolites from V. vulnificus after the sewage stimulation and the pathogenicity was enhanced after that.

     

Combined toxicity and toxicity persistence of antidepressants citalopram and mirtazapine to zooplankton Daphnia magna

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Citalopram (CTP) and mirtazapine (MTP) are two typical psychoactive drugs used for the depression treatment. As emerging pollutants, CTP and MTP have...     

Fe3O4负载非晶态(碳酸)氧化锆复合材料对磷的吸附性能及机理

有效控制富营养化和磷酸盐回收是近年来日益受到重视的问题.为此,采用溶剂热法合成了一种去除水中磷酸盐的Fe3O4负载非晶态(碳酸)氧化锆复合材料(MZCO),通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨率透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(ATR-IR)、X光电子能谱仪(XPS)等对其进行了结构表征...