大学校园的生态足迹探究

生态足迹分析法是评价绿色校园建设水平较好的指标之一,能定量揭示学校的生态状况,本文结合黑龙江科技学院的校园状况,简要介绍生态足迹成分法的原理和计算分析方法.研究结果表明,黑龙江科技学院2005年总生态足迹为18410.53 hm2,即需要18410.53 hm2生态生产性土地来支持学校的各类消费以及吸纳废弃物;人均生态足迹为0.94 hm2/人,与全国人均生态足迹1.5 hm2相比较,学校的生态状况比较乐观.     

Surface characterization of metal oxides-supported activated carbon fiber catalysts for simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide

The sol–gel method was used to synthesize a series of metal oxides-supported activated carbon fiber (ACF) and the simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis activity of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS₂) at relatively low temperatures of 60°C was tested. The effects of preparation conditions on the catalyst properties were investigated, including the kinds and amount of metal oxides and calcination temperatures. The activity tests indicated that catalysts with 5 wt.% Ni after calcining at 400°C (Ni(5)/ACF(400)) had the best performance for the simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis of COS and CS₂. The surface and structure properties of prepared ACF were characterized by scanning electron microscope-energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), carbon dioxide-temperature programmed desorption (CO₂-TPD) and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared reflection (DRFTIR). And the metal cation defects were researched by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. The characterization results showed that the supporting of Ni on the ACF made the ACF catalyst show alkaline and increased the specific surface area and the number of micropores, then improved catalytic hydrolysis activity. The DRFTIR results revealed that -OH species could facilitate the hydrolysis of COS and CS₂; -COO and -C–O species could facilitate the oxidation of catalytic hydrolysate H₂S. And the EPR results showed that high calcination temperature conditions provide more active reaction center for the COS and CS₂ adsorption.     

基于Web的环境监控数据查询系统设计研究

随着社会的进步,传统环境监控日渐式微,存在效率低问题。针对这个问题,基于Web环境监控查询系统成为近几年研究的焦点。综合国内外相关研究资料,设计一个基于Web的环境监控数据查询系统。该系统实现了通过网络共享远程终端数据对环境的实时监控,推动环保工作的现代化管理。为验证其有效性,系统在设计完成后在某地进行了为期6个月的投入实验。基于Web的环境监控数据查询系统较传统监控系统效率更高,满足了人们的需求,对未来相似系统设计有一定的借鉴意义。     

Reduced graphene oxide-nano zero value iron(rGO-nZVI) micro-electrolysis accelerating Cr(Ⅵ) removal in aquifer

Nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) assembled on graphene oxide(GO)(rGO-nZVI) composites were synthesized by reduction of GO and ferrous ions with potassium borohydride,for use in Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution.The results showed that the two-dimensional structure of GO could provide a skeleton support for Fe~0,thus overcoming the bottleneck of aggregation for nZVI.Also,rGO-nZVI would form a ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis system in Cr(VI)-contaminated aquifers,enhancing and accelerating electron transfer,exhibiting high rate and capacity for Cr(VI) removal.The optimum dosage of the applied r GO-nZVI was linearly correlated with the initial Cr(VI) concentration.Characterization of rGO-nZVI before and after reaction with Cr(VI) revealed the process of Cr(VI) removal:r GO-nZVI firstly transferred electrons from Fe~0 cores via their Fe(II)/Fe(III) shells to the GO sheet;there,negatively charged Cr(VI) received electrons and changed into positively charged Cr(III),which was adsorbed by the negatively charged GO sheet,avoiding the capping and passivating of nZVI.rGO-nZVI formed a good electrically conductive network,and thus had long-term electron releasing properties,which was important for groundwater remediation.     

Relationship between road traffic noisescape and urban form in Hong Kong

This paper reports on a study which explored the possible relationship between road traffic noisescape and urban form in Hong Kong. A total of 212 residential complexes from 11 contrasting urban forms were sampled, and their noise levels assessed both at dwelling and neighbourhood scales by noise mapping. Its findings indicate that residential complexes with different urban forms have significantly different noisescape attributes. There is a strong correlation between the noise characteristics and morphological indicators at the dwelling scale. A less obstreperous noisescape is associated with urban forms with lower road and building densities, and with building arrangements which provide self-noise screening. These findings suggest that urban form is an influential determinant of the noisescape in the urban environment, and they point to the need to rethink the conventional approach to managing the urban acoustic environment.     

"青龙奇迹"传播现象分析及其准确度探讨

在地震灾难频发及网络媒体迅速发展的背景下,"青龙奇迹"引起了公众的广泛关注和争议,其社会舆论影响不容忽视.以此为切入点,笔者一行利用2010年暑期社会实践在河北省青龙县、抚宁县进行了实地调研走访,结合学者论述、新闻报道,从灾难社会学和传播学角度,分析"青龙奇迹"传播现象,并对其准确度进行了探讨.     

不同入口位置的行人进入流实验研究

为了研究行人进入流运动规律,寻找合理的入口位置,对不同入口位置(中间、右侧)进行了不同人数(10人、20人、30人、40人)的可控实验。分析了行人进入流的时间、速度和空间分布,并统计了空间分布影响因素——入口避让、边界吸引、分布角度和空间关系的规律。结果表明,入口位于中间的设计更好,进入时间和稳定时间较短,速度更快,空间分布更合理。这些影响因素的统计,也为行人进入流的模型建立提供了实验基础。     

适合我国国情的城市生活垃圾处理方法

介绍了发达国家所采用的城市垃圾处理技术的原理及其优缺点，对适合我国国情的垃圾处理技术提出了建议。     

煤与瓦斯突出预测的GA-SVM模型及应用

为了对煤与瓦斯突出进行有效预测,将遗传算法和支持向量机相结合,提出煤与瓦斯突出预测的GA-SVM模型。以我国典型的煤与瓦斯突出煤矿15个实例为样本,以交叉验证准确率作为遗传算法的适应度函数,搜索得到径向基核SVM最优惩罚因子C=28.8786、宽度函数σ=0.16508,利用最优参数建立煤与瓦斯突出预测GA-SVM模型进行预测,结果与实际完全一致。应用该模型对云南恩洪煤矿8个突出实例进行预测,并与单项指标法、综合指标法和BP神经网络进行比较。研究结果表明,煤与瓦斯突出预测GA-SVM模型具有较高的可靠性和精确性,能对煤与瓦斯突出进行有效预测。